极性模式总述
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@@ -87,54 +87,23 @@ Our results further confirmed the accuracy of both our experiments and calculati
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#include "figure-nopo-diff.typ"
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=== Strong-polar Phonons
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=== Strong-polarity Phonons
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沿着不同方向入射的话,强声子的模式是不同的。
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// 在半导体的极性声子模式中,原子间存在长距离的库伦相互作用,导致散射谱在 Gamma 附近不再连续(引用),如图中的彩色线所示。
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// 这导致不同方向的入射/散射光的声子模式不同。
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// 具体来说,当入射光/散射光沿着 z 方向时,起作用的是 A-Gamma 线上的声子模式(图中的左半边的橘线),它们适用于群 C6v。
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// 这时会有一个 E1 模式(TO,振动方向在面内)和一个 A1 模式(LO,沿 z 振动)。
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// 而当沿着 y 方向入射时,起作用的是 Gamma-K 线上的声子模式(图中的右半边的橘线),它们不再适用于群 C6v,而只适用于群 C2v;
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// 它会分裂成沿x、y、z 方向的三个声子模式(图中的右半边的蓝线),它们分别对应于群 C2v 的 A1、B1 和 B2 表示 TODO: 确认这个几个表示的名字。
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// 若考虑到到入射光不是严格沿着 z 方向,而是有一个小的角度(例如 10 度),则此时有一个声子模式沿着 x 方向,另外两个声子模式则为 y-z 两个方向的混合。
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// (没有在图上表示)
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半导体中的强极性声子模式强烈地依赖于入射光的方向,
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这是由于半导体中原子之间的长程库伦相互作用所致,
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表现在散射光谱中,Gamma点附近不连续(见@figure-discont)。
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具体来说,当入射光沿着 z 方向时,起作用的是 A-Gamma 线上的声子模式(图中的上半部分的橘线),它们适用于群 C6v。
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这时会有一个 TO 模式(C6v 中的 E1)和一个 LO 模式(C6v 中的 A1)。
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而当沿着 y 方向入射时,起作用的是 Gamma-K 线上的声子模式(图中下半部分的橘线),它们不再适用于群 C6v,而只适用于群 C2v;
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这时将会出现三个模式,包括一个LO(沿y方向振动,对应C2v中的A1)和两个TO模式(根据振动方向,命名为B2-x和B2-y,对应C2v中的B1和B2)。
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当入射光不是严格沿着坐标轴方向,而是在xOy面内呈现一定的夹角时(掠入射,以及考虑了斜切的正入射),则此时有一个声子模式沿着 x 方向,另外两个声子模式则为 y-z 两个方向的混合。
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Strong-polarity phonon modes caused by different incident light directions are different,
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due to long-range Coulomb interactions between atoms in semiconductors,
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showing discontinuity in the scattering spectra near the #sym.Gamma point (see @figure-discont).
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For incident light propagating along the z direction (phonon modes on the A-#sym.Gamma line),
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symmetry of C#sub[6v] point group applies and leading to two modes (two peeks in Raman spectra),
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including an E#sub[1] mode (pink line in @figure-discont, vibration in-plane)
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and an A#sub[1] mode (green line in @figure-discont, vibration along z-direction).
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When the light is incident along other directions, symmetry in plane was broken and C#sub[6v] symmetry no longer holds,
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and there will be three phonon modes in theory.
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For example, when the light is incident along the y direction (phonon modes on the #{sym.Gamma}-K line),
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symmetry of C#sub[2v] applies and three modes exist in dispersion curves,
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including an A#sub[1] mode (green line in @figure-discont, vibration along z direction),
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a B#sub[2] mode (blue line in @figure-discont, vibration along x direction),
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and a B#sub[1] mode (red line in @figure-discont, vibration in y direction).
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When the light is incident along a direction between z and y,
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three phonon modes will exist, but vibration in the mixed direction.
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将理论/计算结果与实验对比。
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我们将计算与实验结果进行了对比。衬底中的LO峰与plasmon耦合形成LOPC峰,因此与计算结果大不相同。
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对于TO峰,在正入射中,它与E2-3模式的距离为xxx;在掠入射中,它与E2-3模式的距离为xxx。
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Many Raman experiments on 4H-SiC with incident light along the z direction have observed two peaks.
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However, no experiments have reported three peaks with incident light along other directions.
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In our experiment, we found the third, and it satisfied properties we expected.
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In our experiments, we found that the third peak only appears when focusing inside the sample.
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The Strong-polarity phonon modes participated in Raman scattering
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exhibited significant variations depending on the incidence configurations
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(see the intersection of colored solid lines and orange dashed lines in @figure-discont b and c).
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For incident light propagating along the z direction,
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the C#sub[6v] point group applied and two modes were present,
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marked as normal-TO and normal-LO,
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and they were corresponding to the E#sub[1] and A#sub[1] representations
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and vibrations along the basle plane and z direction, respectively.
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The normal-LO would subsiquently couple with plasmons to form LOPC modes in n-type 4H-SiC.
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For incident light propagating along other directions,
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the C#sub[6v] group no longer held and three modes were present.
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Specifically, for incident light propagating along x direction, the C#sub[2v] group applied,
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and the three modes was named as edge-TO-z, edge-TO-y and edge-LO,
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which were corresponding to A#sub[1], B#sub[2] and B#sub[1] representations
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and vibrations along z, y and x directions, respectively.
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E1 的情况。
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@@ -149,24 +118,3 @@ E1 的情况。
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// 在 n 型半导体中,LOPC 模式将代替 LO 模式;在 p 型半导体中,LO 模式仍然单独存在,但它的半高宽会受到载流子浓度的影响。
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#include "table-pol.typ"
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在强极性声子中:
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在每一个入射方向的拉曼实验中,参与散射的声子都包含三个强极性声子模式:
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一个 LO,它的振动方向roughly平行于入射光方向;和两个 TO 模式,它们的振动方向roughly垂直于入射光方向。
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它们的性质(振动pattern,频率,拉曼张量)会dramatically改变accroding to 入射方向。
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例如,在正入射中,LO 模式属于 C6v 群中的 A1 表示(Named as n-LO),两个 TO 模式简并为 C6v 群中的 E1 表示(Named as n-TO);
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在沿x方向的侧入射中,LO 模式属于 C2v 群中的 B1 表示(Named as e-LO),两个 TO 分别属于 C2v 群中的 B2 和 A1 表示(Named as e-TO-x 和 e-TO-y)。
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其中,正入射的 LO 会与电子耦合形成 LOPC 模式,从而导致频率的显著变化;侧入射的 LO 则由于对称性的原因,无法观测到。
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我们将它们的结果总结在表中。可以看到,我们的结果与实验和计算吻合较好。
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我们将声子被分为两类讨论:
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极性可以忽略的声子模式(即极性为零或非常弱的声子),在拉曼散射过程中它们的电极性造成的效应可以忽略;
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强极性声子模式,在拉曼光谱中电极性效应是可观测的,不可以被忽略。
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// #include "non-polar/default.typ"
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// #include "polar/default.typ"
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