Merge #101611: firefox-bin: 81.0.2 -> 82.0

(cherry picked from commit 2f31499703)
vcunat tested it briefly on 20.09.

.editorconfig

@@ -47,50 +47,66 @@ indent_style = space
 insert_final_newline = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
-[*.{asc,key,ovpn}]
+[*.{key,ovpn}]
 insert_final_newline = unset
 end_of_line = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
 [*.lock]
 indent_size = unset
 
+[deps.nix]
+insert_final_newline = unset
+
 [eggs.nix]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
+[gemset.nix]
+insert_final_newline = unset
+
+[node-{composition,packages}.nix]
+insert_final_newline = unset
+
 [nixos/modules/services/networking/ircd-hybrid/*.{conf,in}]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
 [nixos/tests/systemd-networkd-vrf.nix]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
+[pkgs/applications/editors/emacs-modes/recipes-archive-melpa.json]
+indent_size = unset
+
 [pkgs/build-support/dotnetenv/Wrapper/**]
 end_of_line = unset
-indent_style = unset
 insert_final_newline = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
 [pkgs/build-support/upstream-updater/**]
-indent_style = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
 [pkgs/development/compilers/elm/registry.dat]
 end_of_line = unset
 insert_final_newline = unset
 
+[pkgs/development/lisp-modules/quicklisp-to-nix.nix]
+indent_size = unset
+
 [pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hackage-packages.nix]
 indent_style = unset
+indent_size = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
+[pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/generated/{addons,packages}.nix]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
+
+[pkgs/development/node-packages/node-packages.nix]
+insert_final_newline = unset
+
 [pkgs/servers/dict/wordnet_structures.py]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/tools/misc/timidity/timidity.cfg]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/tools/security/enpass/data.json]
-insert_final_newline = unset
+indent_size = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
 [pkgs/top-level/emscripten-packages.nix]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
+
+[pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix]
+indent_size = unset

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@
 /.github/CODEOWNERS @edolstra
 
 # GitHub actions
-/.github/workflows @NixOS/Security @Mic92 @zowoq
-/.github/workflows/merge-staging @FRidh
+/.github/workflows @Mic92 @zowoq
 
 # EditorConfig
 /.editorconfig @Mic92 @zowoq
@@ -26,18 +25,17 @@
 /lib/asserts.nix            @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
 
 # Nixpkgs Internals
-/default.nix                                     @nbp
-/pkgs/top-level/default.nix                      @nbp @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/impure.nix                       @nbp @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/stage.nix                        @nbp @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/top-level/splice.nix                       @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/top-level/release-cross.nix                @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/stdenv/generic                             @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/stdenv/cross                               @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper                   @Ericson2314 @orivej
-/pkgs/build-support/bintools-wrapper             @Ericson2314 @orivej
-/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks                  @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/auto-patchelf.sh @aszlig
+/default.nix                          @nbp
+/pkgs/top-level/default.nix           @nbp @Ericson2314
+/pkgs/top-level/impure.nix            @nbp @Ericson2314
+/pkgs/top-level/stage.nix             @nbp @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/top-level/splice.nix            @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/top-level/release-cross.nix     @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/stdenv/generic                  @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/stdenv/cross                    @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper        @Ericson2314 @orivej
+/pkgs/build-support/bintools-wrapper  @Ericson2314 @orivej
+/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks       @Ericson2314
 
 # Nixpkgs build-support
 /pkgs/build-support/writers @lassulus @Profpatsch
@@ -76,33 +74,30 @@
 /pkgs/development/interpreters/python   @FRidh
 /pkgs/development/python-modules        @FRidh @jonringer
 /doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md     @FRidh
-/pkgs/development/tools/poetry2nix @adisbladis
 
 # Haskell
-/doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn
-/maintainers/scripts/haskell                  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn
-/pkgs/development/compilers/ghc               @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn
-/pkgs/development/haskell-modules             @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn
-/pkgs/test/haskell                            @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn
-/pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix           @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn
-/pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix          @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn
+/pkgs/development/compilers/ghc                       @cdepillabout
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules		      @cdepillabout
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/default.nix	      @cdepillabout
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/generic-builder.nix @cdepillabout
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hoogle.nix	      @cdepillabout
 
 # Perl
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/perl @volth @stigtsp
-/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix   @volth @stigtsp
-/pkgs/development/perl-modules      @volth @stigtsp
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/perl @volth
+/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix   @volth
+/pkgs/development/perl-modules      @volth
 
 # R
 /pkgs/applications/science/math/R   @peti
 /pkgs/development/r-modules         @peti
 
 # Ruby
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby @marsam
-/pkgs/development/ruby-modules      @marsam
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby @alyssais
+/pkgs/development/ruby-modules      @alyssais
 
 # Rust
-/pkgs/development/compilers/rust @Mic92 @LnL7 @zowoq
-/pkgs/build-support/rust @andir @danieldk @zowoq
+/pkgs/development/compilers/rust @Mic92 @LnL7
+/pkgs/build-support/rust @andir
 
 # Darwin-related
 /pkgs/stdenv/darwin         @NixOS/darwin-maintainers
@@ -128,6 +123,9 @@
 # Jetbrains
 /pkgs/applications/editors/jetbrains @edwtjo
 
+# Eclipse
+/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse @rycee
+
 # Licenses
 /lib/licenses.nix @alyssais
 
@@ -138,7 +136,7 @@
 /pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5 @ttuegel
 
 # PostgreSQL and related stuff
-/pkgs/servers/sql/postgresql @thoughtpolice @marsam
+/pkgs/servers/sql/postgresql @thoughtpolice
 /nixos/modules/services/databases/postgresql.xml @thoughtpolice
 /nixos/modules/services/databases/postgresql.nix @thoughtpolice
 /nixos/tests/postgresql.nix @thoughtpolice
@@ -158,8 +156,8 @@
 /nixos/modules/services/networking/ntp @thoughtpolice
 
 # Dhall
-/pkgs/development/dhall-modules      @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/dhall @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
+/pkgs/development/dhall-modules      @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/dhall @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch
 
 # Idris
 /pkgs/development/idris-modules @Infinisil
@@ -178,10 +176,6 @@
 /pkgs/applications/editors/emacs       @adisbladis
 /pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix     @adisbladis
 
-# Neovim
-/pkgs/applications/editors/neovim      @jonringer
-/pkgs/applications/editors/neovim      @teto
-
 # VimPlugins
 /pkgs/misc/vim-plugins         @jonringer @softinio
 
@@ -198,7 +192,6 @@
 /nixos/tests/php                         @NixOS/php
 /pkgs/build-support/build-pecl.nix       @NixOS/php
 /pkgs/development/interpreters/php       @NixOS/php
-/pkgs/development/php-packages           @NixOS/php
 /pkgs/top-level/php-packages.nix         @NixOS/php
 
 # Podman, CRI-O modules and related
@@ -208,19 +201,10 @@
 /nixos/tests/cri-o.nix                       @NixOS/podman @zowoq
 /nixos/tests/podman.nix                      @NixOS/podman @zowoq
 
-# Docker tools
-/pkgs/build-support/docker                   @roberth @utdemir
-/nixos/tests/docker-tools-overlay.nix        @roberth
-/nixos/tests/docker-tools.nix                @roberth
-/doc/builders/images/dockertools.xml         @roberth
-
 # Blockchains
-/pkgs/applications/blockchains  @mmahut @RaghavSood
+/pkgs/applications/blockchains  @mmahut
 
 # Go
 /pkgs/development/compilers/go @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
 /pkgs/development/go-modules   @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
 /pkgs/development/go-packages  @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
-
-# Cinnamon
-/pkgs/desktops/cinnamon @mkg20001

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ under the terms of [COPYING](../COPYING), which is an MIT-like license.
   * Not start with the package name.
   * Not have a period at the end.
 * `meta.license` must be set and fit the upstream license.
-  * If there is no upstream license, `meta.license` should default to `lib.licenses.unfree`.
+  * If there is no upstream license, `meta.license` should default to `stdenv.lib.licenses.unfree`.
 * `meta.maintainers` must be set.
 
 See the nixpkgs manual for more details on [standard meta-attributes](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-standard-meta-attributes) and on how to [submit changes to nixpkgs](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-submitting-changes).
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ Follow these steps to backport a change into a release branch in compliance with
 3. Create a branch for your change, e.g. `git checkout -b backport`.
 4. When the reason to backport is not obvious from the original commit message, use `git cherry-pick -xe <original commit>` and add a reason. Otherwise use `git cherry-pick -x <original commit>`. That's fine for minor version updates that only include security and bug fixes, commits that fixes an otherwise broken package or similar. Please also ensure the commits exists on the master branch; in the case of squashed or rebased merges, the commit hash will change and the new commits can be found in the merge message at the bottom of the master pull request.
 5. Push to GitHub and open a backport pull request. Make sure to select the release branch (e.g. `release-20.09`) as the target branch of the pull request, and link to the pull request in which the original change was comitted to `master`. The pull request title should be the commit title with the release version as prefix, e.g. `[20.09]`.
-6. When the backport pull request is merged and you have the necessary privileges you can also replace the label `9.needs: port to stable` with `8.has: port to stable` on the original pull request. This way maintainers can keep track of missing backports easier.
 
 ## Reviewing contributions
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/out_of_date_package_report.md

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Out-of-date package reports
-about: For packages that are out-of-date
-title: ''
-labels: '9.needs: package (update)'
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-
-###### Checklist
-
-<!-- Note that these are hard requirements -->
-
-<!--
-You can use the "Go to file" functionality on github to find the package
-Then you can go to the history for this package
-Find the latest "package_name: old_version -> new_version" commit
-The "new_version" is the the current version of the package
--->
-- [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs master branch](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs)
-<!--
-Type the name of your package and try to find an open pull request for the package
-If you find an open pull request, you can review it!
-There's a high chance that you'll have the new version right away while helping the community!
--->
-- [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls)
-
-###### Project name
-`nix search` name:
-<!--
-The current version can be found easily with the same process than above for checking the master branch
-If an open PR is present for the package, take this version as the current one and link to the PR
--->
-current version:
-desired version:
-
-###### Notify maintainers
-<!--
-Search your package here: https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable
-If no maintainer is listed for your package, tag the person that last updated the package
--->
-
-maintainers:
-
-###### Note for maintainers
-
-Please tag this issue in your PR.

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ comment describing what you have tested in the relevant package/service.
 Reviewing helps to reduce the average time-to-merge for everyone.
 Thanks a lot if you do!
 List of open PRs: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls
-Reviewing guidelines: https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-reviewing-contributions
+Reviewing guidelines: https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixpkgs/trunk/manual/latest/download/1/nixpkgs/manual.html#chap-reviewing-contributions
 -->
 
 ###### Motivation for this change
@@ -23,5 +23,6 @@ Reviewing guidelines: https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-reviewing-
 - [ ] Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside [nixos/tests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests))
 - [ ] Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using `nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review wip"`
 - [ ] Tested execution of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`)
-- [ ] Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
+- [ ] Determined the impact on package closure size (by running `nix path-info -S` before and after)
+- [ ] Ensured that relevant documentation is up to date
 - [ ] Fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).

.github/STALE-BOT.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# Stale bot information
-
-- Thanks for your contribution!
-- To remove the stale label, just leave a new comment.
-- _How to find the right people to ping?_ → [`git blame`](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame) to the rescue! (or GitHub's history and blame buttons.)
-- You can always ask for help on [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/) or on the [#nixos IRC channel](https://webchat.freenode.net/#nixos).
-
-## Suggestions for PRs
-
-1. GitHub sometimes doesn't notify people who commented / reviewed a PR previously, when you (force) push commits. If you have addressed the reviews you can [officially ask for a review](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/requesting-a-pull-request-review) from those who commented to you or anyone else.
-2. If it is unfinished but you plan to finish it, please mark it as a draft.
-3. If you don't expect to work on it any time soon, closing it with a short comment may encourage someone else to pick up your work.
-4. To get things rolling again, rebase the PR against the target branch and address valid comments.
-5. If you need a review to move forward, ask in [the Discourse thread for PRs that need help](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/prs-in-distress/3604).
-6. If all you need is a merge, check the git history to find and [request reviews](https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/requesting-a-pull-request-review) from people who usually merge related contributions.
-
-## Suggestions for issues
-
-1. If it is resolved (either for you personally, or in general), please consider closing it.
-2. If this might still be an issue, but you are not interested in promoting its resolution, please consider closing it while encouraging others to take over and reopen an issue if they care enough.
-3. If you still have interest in resolving it, try to ping somebody who you believe might have an interest in the topic. Consider discussing the problem in [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/).
-4. As with all open source projects, your best option is to submit a Pull Request that addresses this issue. We :heart: this attitude!
-
-**Memorandum on closing issues**
-
-Don't be afraid to close an issue that holds valuable information. Closed issues stay in the system for people to search, read, cross-reference, or even reopen--nothing is lost! Closing obsolete issues is an important way to help maintainers focus their time and effort.
-
-## Useful GitHub search queries
-
-- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+)
-- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction and `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22)
-- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction and NOT `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+-label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)
-- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+)
-- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction and `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)
-- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction and NOT `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+-label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-"6.topic: agda":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/agda.section.md
-  - nixos/tests/agda.nix
-  - pkgs/build-support/agda/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/libraries/agda/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/agda-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: bsd":
-  - pkgs/os-specific/bsd/**/*
-  - pkgs/stdenv/freebsd/**/*
-
-"6.topic: cinnamon":
-  - pkgs/desktops/cinnamon/**/*
-
-"6.topic: emacs":
-  - nixos/modules/services/editors/emacs.nix
-  - nixos/modules/services/editors/emacs.xml
-  - nixos/tests/emacs-daemon.nix
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/emacs-modes/**/*
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/emacs/**/*
-  - pkgs/build-support/emacs/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: erlang":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/beam.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/beam-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/elixir/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/erlang/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/build-managers/rebar/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/build-managers/rebar3/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/erlang/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/beam-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: fetch":
-  - pkgs/build-support/fetch*/**/*
-
-"6.topic: GNOME":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/gnome.section.md
-  - nixos/modules/services/desktops/gnome/**/*
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome.nix
-  - nixos/tests/gnome-xorg.nix
-  - nixos/tests/gnome.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/gnome/**/*
-
-"6.topic: golang":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/go.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/go/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/go-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/go-packages/**/*
-
-"6.topic: haskell":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md
-  - maintainers/scripts/haskell/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/ghc/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/haskell-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/haskell/**/*
-  - pkgs/test/haskell/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix
-  - pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix
-
-"6.topic: kernel":
-  - pkgs/build-support/kernel/**/*
-  - pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel/**/*
-
-"6.topic: lua":
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/lua-5/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/luajit/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/lua-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: nixos":
-  - nixos/**/*
-
-"6.topic: ocaml":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/ocaml.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/ocaml/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/reason/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/ocaml-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/ocaml/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/ocaml-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: pantheon":
-  - nixos/modules/services/desktops/pantheon/**/*
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/pantheon.nix
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm-greeters/pantheon.nix
-  - nixos/tests/pantheon.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/pantheon/**/*
-
-"6.topic: policy discussion":
-  - .github/**/*
-
-"6.topic: printing":
-  - nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix
-  - pkgs/misc/cups/**/*
-
-"6.topic: python":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/python/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/python-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: qt/kde":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/qt.section.md
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix
-  - nixos/tests/plasma5.nix
-  - pkgs/applications/kde/**/*
-  - pkgs/desktops/plasma-5/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/libraries/kde-frameworks/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5/**/*
-
-"6.topic: ruby":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/ruby.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/ruby-modules/**/*
-
-"6.topic: rust":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/rust.section.md
-  - pkgs/build-support/rust/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/rust/**/*
-
-"6.topic: stdenv":
-  - pkgs/stdenv/**/*
-
-"6.topic: steam":
-  - pkgs/games/steam/**/*
-
-"6.topic: systemd":
-  - pkgs/os-specific/linux/systemd/**/*
-  - nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd*/**/*
-
-"6.topic: TeX":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/texlive.section.md
-  - pkgs/tools/typesetting/tex/**/*
-
-"6.topic: vim":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/vim/**/*
-  - pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/**/*
-
-"6.topic: xfce":
-  - nixos/doc/manual/configuration/xfce.xml
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix
-  - nixos/tests/xfce.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/xfce/**/*
-
-"8.has: changelog":
-  - nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/**/*
-
-"8.has: documentation":
-  - doc/**/*
-  - nixos/doc/**/*
-
-"8.has: module (update)":
-  - nixos/modules/**/*

.github/stale.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,41 @@
 # Configuration for probot-stale - https://github.com/probot/stale
+# Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale
 daysUntilStale: 180
+# Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed
 daysUntilClose: false
+# Issues with these labels will never be considered stale
 exemptLabels:
   - "1.severity: security"
-  - "2.status: never-stale"
+# Label to use when marking an issue as stale
 staleLabel: "2.status: stale"
-markComment: |
-  I marked this as stale due to inactivity. → [More info](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/STALE-BOT.md)
+# Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable
+pulls:
+  markComment: |
+    Hello, I'm a bot and I thank you in the name of the community for your contributions.
+
+    Nixpkgs is a busy repository, and unfortunately sometimes PRs get left behind for too long. Nevertheless, we'd like to help committers reach the PRs that are still important. This PR has had no activity for 180 days, and so I marked it as stale, but you can rest assured it will never be closed by a non-human.
+
+    If this is still important to you and you'd like to remove the stale label, we ask that you leave a comment. Your comment can be as simple as "still important to me".  But there's a bit more you can do:
+
+    If you received an approval by an unprivileged maintainer and you are just waiting for a merge, you can @ mention someone with merge permissions and ask them to help. You might be able to find someone relevant by using [Git blame](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame) on the relevant files, or via [GitHub's web interface](https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-files-in-a-repository/tracking-changes-in-a-file). You can see if someone's a member of the [nixpkgs-committers](https://github.com/orgs/NixOS/teams/nixpkgs-committers) team, by hovering with the mouse over their username on the web interface, or by searching them directly on [the list](https://github.com/orgs/NixOS/teams/nixpkgs-committers).
+
+    If your PR wasn't reviewed at all, it might help to find someone who's perhaps a user of the package or module you are changing, or alternatively, ask once more for a review by the maintainer of the package/module this is about. If you don't know any, you can use [Git blame](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame) on the relevant files, or [GitHub's web interface](https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-files-in-a-repository/tracking-changes-in-a-file) to find someone who touched the relevant files in the past.
+
+    If your PR has had reviews and nevertheless got stale, make sure you've responded to all of the reviewer's requests / questions. Usually when PR authors show responsibility and dedication, reviewers (privileged or not) show dedication as well. If you've pushed a change, it's possible the reviewer wasn't notified about your push via email, so you can always [officially request them for a review](https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/requesting-a-pull-request-review), or just @ mention them and say you've addressed their comments.
+
+    Lastly, you can always ask for help at [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/), or more specifically, [at this thread](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/prs-in-distress/3604) or at [#nixos' IRC channel](https://webchat.freenode.net/#nixos).
+
+issues:
+  markComment: |
+    Hello, I'm a bot and I thank you in the name of the community for opening this issue.
+
+    To help our human contributors focus on the most-relevant reports, I check up on old issues to see if they're still relevant. This issue has had no activity for 180 days, and so I marked it as stale, but you can rest assured it will never be closed by a non-human.
+
+    The community would appreciate your effort in checking if the issue is still valid. If it isn't, please close it.
+
+    If the issue persists, and you'd like to remove the stale label, you simply need to leave a comment. Your comment can be as simple as "still important to me". If you'd like it to get more attention, you can ask for help by searching for maintainers and people that previously touched related code and @ mention them in a comment. You can use [Git blame](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame) or [GitHub's web interface](https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-files-in-a-repository/tracking-changes-in-a-file) on the relevant files to find them.
+
+    Lastly, you can always ask for help at [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/) or at [#nixos' IRC channel](https://webchat.freenode.net/#nixos).
+
+# Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable
 closeComment: false

.github/workflows/direct-push.yml

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-name: "Direct Push Warning"
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-     - master
-     - release-**
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    env:
-      GITHUB_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
-      GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-    steps:
-    - name: Check if commit is a merge commit
-      id: ismerge
-      run: |
-        ISMERGE=$(curl -H 'Accept: application/vnd.github.groot-preview+json' -H "authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" https://api.github.com/repos/${{ env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY }}/commits/${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}/pulls | jq -r '.[] | select(.merge_commit_sha == "${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}") | any')
-        echo "::set-output name=ismerge::$ISMERGE"
-    - name: Warn if the commit was a direct push
-      if: steps.ismerge.outputs.ismerge != 'true'
-      uses: peter-evans/commit-comment@v1
-      with:
-        body: |
-          @${{ github.actor }}, you pushed a commit directly to master/release branch
-          instead of going through a Pull Request.
-
-          That's highly discouraged beyond the few exceptions listed
-          on https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/118661

.github/workflows/editorconfig.yml

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-name: "Checking EditorConfig"
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  # avoids approving first time contributors
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches-ignore:
-      - 'release-**'
-
-jobs:
-  tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-    - name: Get list of changed files from PR
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      run: |
-        echo 'PR_DIFF<<EOF' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        gh api \
-          repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls/${{github.event.number}}/files --paginate \
-          | jq '.[] | select(.status != "removed") | .filename' \
-          >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo 'EOF' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      with:
-        # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-        ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v13
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-      with:
-        # nixpkgs commit is pinned so that it doesn't break
-        nix_path: nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/f93ecc4f6bc60414d8b73dbdf615ceb6a2c604df.tar.gz
-    - name: install editorconfig-checker
-      run: nix-env -iA editorconfig-checker -f '<nixpkgs>'
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-    - name: Checking EditorConfig
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-      run: |
-        echo "$PR_DIFF" | xargs editorconfig-checker -disable-indent-size
-    - if: ${{ failure() }}
-      run: |
-        echo "::error :: Hey! It looks like your changes don't follow our editorconfig settings. Read https://editorconfig.org/#download to configure your editor so you never see this error again."
-

.github/workflows/labels.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: "Label PR"
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [edited, opened, synchronize, reopened]
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  pull-requests: write
-
-jobs:
-  labels:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/labeler@v3
-      with:
-        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/manual-nixos.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name: "Build NixOS manual"
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - 'nixos/**'
-
-jobs:
-  nixos:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-          ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v13
-        with:
-          # explicitly enable sandbox
-          extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
-      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@v9
-        with:
-          # This cache is for the nixos/nixpkgs manual builds and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
-          name: nixpkgs-ci
-          signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
-      - name: Building NixOS manual
-        run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true nixos/release.nix -A manual.x86_64-linux

.github/workflows/manual-nixpkgs.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name: "Build Nixpkgs manual"
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - 'doc/**'
-
-jobs:
-  nixpkgs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-          ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v13
-        with:
-          # explicitly enable sandbox
-          extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
-      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@v9
-        with:
-          # This cache is for the nixos/nixpkgs manual builds and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
-          name: nixpkgs-ci
-          signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
-      - name: Building Nixpkgs manual
-        run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true pkgs/top-level/release.nix -A manual

.github/workflows/merge-staging.yml

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-name: "merge staging(-next)"
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
-    # Merge every 6 hours
-    - cron:  '0 */6 * * *'
-
-jobs:
-  sync-branch:
-    if: github.repository == 'NixOS/nixpkgs'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: Merge master into staging-next
-        id: staging_next
-        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@v1.3.1
-        with:
-          type: now
-          from_branch: master
-          target_branch: staging-next
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Merge staging-next into staging
-        id: staging
-        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@v1.3.1
-        with:
-          type: now
-          from_branch: staging-next
-          target_branch: staging
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Comment on failure
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1
-        if: ${{ failure() }}
-        with:
-          issue-number: 105153
-          body: |
-            An automatic merge${{ (steps.staging_next.outcome == 'failure' && ' from master to staging-next') || ((steps.staging.outcome == 'failure' && ' from staging-next to staging') || '') }} [failed](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).
-

.github/workflows/pending-set.yml

@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
           -X POST \
           -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
           -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-          -d '{"state": "pending", "target_url": " ", "description": "This pending status will be cleared when ofborg starts eval.", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
+          -d '{"state": "failure", "target_url": " ", "description": "This failed status will be cleared when ofborg finishes eval.", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
           "https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/statuses/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"

.github/workflows/rebase.yml

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-on:
-  issue_comment:
-    types:
-      - created
-
-# This action allows people with write access to the repo to rebase a PRs base branch
-# by commenting `/rebase ${branch}` on the PR while avoiding CODEOWNER notifications.
-
-jobs:
-  rebase:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.event.issue.pull_request != '' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '/rebase')
-    steps:
-      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1
-        with:
-          comment-id: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          reactions: eyes
-      - uses: scherermichael-oss/action-has-permission@1.0.6
-        id: check-write-access
-        with:
-          required-permission: write
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: check permissions
-        run: |
-          echo "Commenter doesn't have write access to the repo"
-          exit 1
-        if: "! steps.check-write-access.outputs.has-permission"
-      - name: setup
-        run: |
-          curl "https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.repository }}/pulls/${{ github.event.issue.number }}" 2>/dev/null >pr.json
-          cat <<EOF >>"$GITHUB_ENV"
-          CAN_MODIFY=$(jq -r '.maintainer_can_modify' pr.json)
-          COMMITS=$(jq -r '.commits' pr.json)
-          CURRENT_BASE=$(jq -r '.base.ref' pr.json)
-          PR_BRANCH=$(jq -r '.head.ref' pr.json)
-          COMMENT_BRANCH=$(echo ${{ github.event.comment.body }} | awk "/^\/rebase / {print \$2}")
-          PULL_REQUEST=${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          EOF
-          rm pr.json
-      - name: check branch
-        env:
-          PERMANENT_BRANCHES: "haskell-updates|master|nixos|nixpkgs|python-unstable|release|staging"
-          VALID_BRANCHES: "haskell-updates|master|python-unstable|release-20.09|staging|staging-20.09|staging-next"
-        run: |
-          message() {
-            cat <<EOF
-          Can't rebase $PR_BRANCH from $CURRENT_BASE onto $COMMENT_BRANCH (PR:$PULL_REQUEST COMMITS:$COMMITS)
-          EOF
-          }
-          if ! [[ "$COMMENT_BRANCH" =~ ^($VALID_BRANCHES)$ ]]; then
-            cat <<EOF
-          Check that the branch from the comment is valid:
-
-          $(message)
-
-          This action can only rebase onto these branches:
-
-          $VALID_BRANCHES
-
-          \`/rebase \${branch}\` must be at the start of the line
-          EOF
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [[ "$COMMENT_BRANCH" == "$CURRENT_BASE" ]]; then
-            cat <<EOF
-          Check that the branch from the comment isn't the current base branch:
-
-          $(message)
-          EOF
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [[ "$COMMENT_BRANCH" == "$PR_BRANCH" ]]; then
-            cat <<EOF
-          Check that the branch from the comment isn't the current branch:
-
-          $(message)
-          EOF
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [[ "$PR_BRANCH" =~ ^($PERMANENT_BRANCHES) ]]; then
-            cat <<EOF
-          Check that the PR branch isn't a permanent branch:
-
-          $(message)
-          EOF
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [[ "$CAN_MODIFY" != "true" ]]; then
-            cat <<EOF
-          Check that maintainers can edit the PR branch:
-
-          $(message)
-          EOF
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: rebase pull request
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          git fetch origin
-          gh pr checkout "$PULL_REQUEST"
-          git rebase \
-            --onto="$(git merge-base origin/"$CURRENT_BASE" origin/"$COMMENT_BRANCH")" \
-            "HEAD~$COMMITS"
-          git push --force
-          curl \
-            -X POST \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-            -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-            -d "{ \"base\": \"$COMMENT_BRANCH\" }" \
-            "https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.repository }}/pulls/$PULL_REQUEST"
-          curl \
-            -X PATCH \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-            -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-            -d '{ "state": "closed" }' \
-            "https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.repository }}/pulls/$PULL_REQUEST"
-      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1
-        with:
-          issue-number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          body: |
-            Rebased, please reopen the pull request to restart CI
-      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1
-        if: failure()
-        with:
-          issue-number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          body: |
-            [Failed to rebase](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }})

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-21.05
+20.09

COPYING

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Eelco Dolstra and the Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors
+Copyright (c) 2003-2020 Eelco Dolstra and the Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 </p>
 
 [Nixpkgs](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs) is a collection of over
-60,000 software packages that can be installed with the
+40,000 software packages that can be installed with the
 [Nix](https://nixos.org/nix/) package manager. It also implements
 [NixOS](https://nixos.org/nixos/), a purely-functional Linux distribution.
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ channels](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-channels).
 Nixpkgs is among the most active projects on GitHub. While thousands
 of open issues and pull requests might seem a lot at first, it helps
 consider it in the context of the scope of the project. Nixpkgs
-describes how to build tens of thousands of pieces of software and implements a
+describes how to build over 40,000 pieces of software and implements a
 Linux distribution. The [GitHub Insights](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulse)
 page gives a sense of the project activity.
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Most contributions are based on and merged into these branches:
   deemed of sufficiently high quality
 
 For more information about contributing to the project, please visit
-the [contributing page](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+the [contributing page](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 # Donations
 

default.nix

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ if ! builtins ? nixVersion || builtins.compareVersions requiredVersion builtins.
     - If you installed Nix using the install script (https://nixos.org/nix/install),
       it is safe to upgrade by running it again:
 
-          curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
+          curl https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
 
     For more information, please see the NixOS release notes at
     https://nixos.org/nixos/manual or locally at

doc/Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MD_TARGETS=$(addsuffix .xml, $(basename $(shell find . -type f -regex '.*\.md$$' -not -name README.md)))
+MD_TARGETS=$(addsuffix .xml, $(basename $(shell find . -type f -regex '.*\.md$$')))
 
 .PHONY: all
 all: validate format out/html/index.html out/epub/manual.epub
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ out/html/index.html: doc-support/result manual-full.xml style.css highlightjs
 	mkdir -p out/html/highlightjs/
 	cp -r highlightjs out/html/
 
-	cp -r media out/html/
 	cp ./overrides.css out/html/
 	cp ./style.css out/html/style.css
 
@@ -54,7 +53,6 @@ out/epub/manual.epub: manual-full.xml
 		doc-support/result/epub.xsl \
 		./manual-full.xml
 
-	cp -r media out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
 	cp ./overrides.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
 	cp ./style.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
 	mkdir -p out/epub/scratch/OEBPS/images/callouts/
@@ -89,16 +87,24 @@ functions/library/generated: doc-support/result
 	ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/function-docs functions/library/generated
 
 %.section.xml: %.section.md
-	pandoc $^ -t docbook \
-		--extract-media=media \
-		--lua-filter=$(PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR)/diagram-generator.lua \
+	pandoc $^ -w docbook \
 		-f markdown+smart \
+	  | sed -e 's|<ulink url=|<link xlink:href=|' \
+	      -e 's|</ulink>|</link>|' \
+	      -e 's|<sect. id=|<section xml:id=|' \
+	      -e 's|</sect[0-9]>|</section>|' \
+	      -e '1s| id=| xml:id=|' \
+	      -e '1s|\(<[^ ]* \)|\1xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" |' \
 	| cat  > $@
 
 %.chapter.xml: %.chapter.md
-	pandoc $^ -t docbook \
+	pandoc $^ -w docbook \
 		--top-level-division=chapter \
-		--extract-media=media \
-		--lua-filter=$(PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR)/diagram-generator.lua \
 		-f markdown+smart \
+	  | sed -e 's|<ulink url=|<link xlink:href=|' \
+	      -e 's|</ulink>|</link>|' \
+	      -e 's|<sect. id=|<section xml:id=|' \
+	      -e 's|</sect[0-9]>|</section>|' \
+	      -e '1s| id=| xml:id=|' \
+	      -e '1s|\(<[^ ]* \)|\1|' \
 	| cat  > $@

doc/README.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-
-# Nixpkgs/doc
-
-This directory houses the sources files for the Nixpkgs manual.
-
-You can find the [rendered documentation for Nixpkgs `unstable` on nixos.org](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/).
-
-[Docs for Nixpkgs stable](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/) are also available.
-
-If you want to contribute to the documentation, [here's how to do it](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-contributing).
-
-If you're only getting started with Nix, go to [nixos.org/learn](https://nixos.org/learn).

doc/builders/fetchers.chapter.md

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-# Fetchers {#chap-pkgs-fetchers}
-
-When using Nix, you will frequently need to download source code and other files from the internet. Nixpkgs comes with a few helper functions that allow you to fetch fixed-output derivations in a structured way.
-
-The two fetcher primitives are `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. Both of these have two required arguments, a URL and a hash. The hash is typically `sha256`, although many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently recommended to use `sha256`. This hash will be used by Nix to identify your source. A typical usage of fetchurl is provided below.
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "hello";
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
-    sha256 = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-The main difference between `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` is in how they store the contents. `fetchurl` will store the unaltered contents of the URL within the Nix store. `fetchzip` on the other hand will decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly accessible in the future. `fetchzip` can only be used with archives. Despite the name, `fetchzip` is not limited to .zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
-
-`fetchpatch` works very similarly to `fetchurl` with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
-
-
-Other fetcher functions allow you to add source code directly from a VCS such as subversion or git. These are mostly straightforward nambes based on the name of the command used with the VCS system. Because they give you a working repository, they act most like `fetchzip`.
-
-## `fetchsvn`
-
-Used with Subversion. Expects `url` to a Subversion directory, `rev`, and `sha256`.
-
-## `fetchgit`
-
-Used with Git. Expects `url` to a Git repo, `rev`, and `sha256`. `rev` in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like `refs/tags/v1.0`.
-
-Additionally the following optional arguments can be given: `fetchSubmodules = true` makes `fetchgit` also fetch the submodules of a repository. If `deepClone` is set to true, the entire repository is cloned as opposing to just creating a shallow clone. `deepClone = true` also implies `leaveDotGit = true` which means that the `.git` directory of the clone won't be removed after checkout.
-
-## `fetchfossil`
-
-Used with Fossil. Expects `url` to a Fossil archive, `rev`, and `sha256`.
-
-## `fetchcvs`
-
-Used with CVS. Expects `cvsRoot`, `tag`, and `sha256`.
-
-## `fetchhg`
-
-Used with Mercurial. Expects `url`, `rev`, and `sha256`.
-
-A number of fetcher functions wrap part of `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
-
-## `fetchFromGitHub`
-
-`fetchFromGitHub` expects four arguments. `owner` is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `sha256` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but `sha256` is currently preferred.
-
-`fetchFromGitHub` uses `fetchzip` to download the source archive generated by GitHub for the specified revision. If `leaveDotGit`, `deepClone` or `fetchSubmodules` are set to `true`, `fetchFromGitHub` will use `fetchgit` instead. Refer to its section for documentation of these options.
-
-## `fetchFromGitLab`
-
-This is used with GitLab repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromGitiles`
-
-This is used with Gitiles repositories. The arguments expected are similar to fetchgit.
-
-## `fetchFromBitbucket`
-
-This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromSavannah`
-
-This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromRepoOrCz`
-
-This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromSourcehut`
-
-This is used with sourcehut repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above. Don't forget the tilde (~) in front of the user name!

doc/builders/fetchers.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="chap-pkgs-fetchers">
+ <title>Fetchers</title>
+ <para>
+  When using Nix, you will frequently need to download source code and other files from the internet. Nixpkgs comes with a few helper functions that allow you to fetch fixed-output derivations in a structured way.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  The two fetcher primitives are <function>fetchurl</function> and <function>fetchzip</function>. Both of these have two required arguments, a URL and a hash. The hash is typically <literal>sha256</literal>, although many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently recommended to use <literal>sha256</literal>. This hash will be used by Nix to identify your source. A typical usage of fetchurl is provided below.
+ </para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  name = "hello";
+  src = fetchurl {
+    url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
+    sha256 = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
+  };
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+ <para>
+  The main difference between <function>fetchurl</function> and <function>fetchzip</function> is in how they store the contents. <function>fetchurl</function> will store the unaltered contents of the URL within the Nix store. <function>fetchzip</function> on the other hand will decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly accessible in the future. <function>fetchzip</function> can only be used with archives. Despite the name, <function>fetchzip</function> is not limited to .zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  <function>fetchpatch</function> works very similarly to <function>fetchurl</function> with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  Other fetcher functions allow you to add source code directly from a VCS such as subversion or git. These are mostly straightforward names based on the name of the command used with the VCS system. Because they give you a working repository, they act most like <function>fetchzip</function>.
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchsvn</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Subversion. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Subversion directory, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchgit</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Git. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Git repo, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>. <literal>rev</literal> in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like <literal>refs/tags/v1.0</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchfossil</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Fossil. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Fossil archive, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchcvs</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with CVS. Expects <literal>cvsRoot</literal>, <literal>tag</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchhg</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Mercurial. Expects <literal>url</literal>, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para>
+  A number of fetcher functions wrap part of <function>fetchurl</function> and <function>fetchzip</function>. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromGitHub</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <function>fetchFromGitHub</function> expects four arguments. <literal>owner</literal> is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. <literal>repo</literal> corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as <literal>owner</literal>/<literal>repo</literal>. <literal>rev</literal> corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g <literal>v1.0</literal>) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, <literal>sha256</literal> corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but <literal>sha256</literal> is currently preferred.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromGitLab</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with GitLab repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromGitiles</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with Gitiles repositories. The arguments expected
+     are similar to fetchgit.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromBitbucket</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromSavannah</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromRepoOrCz</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</chapter>

doc/builders/images.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
  <para>
   This chapter describes tools for creating various types of images.
  </para>
- <xi:include href="images/appimagetools.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="images/dockertools.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="images/ocitools.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="images/snaptools.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="images/appimagetools.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="images/dockertools.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="images/ocitools.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="images/snaptools.xml" />
 </chapter>

doc/builders/images/appimagetools.section.md

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.appimageTools {#sec-pkgs-appimageTools}
-
-`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
-
-::: warning
-The `appimageTools` API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
-:::
-
-## AppImage formats {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats}
-
-There are different formats for AppImages, see [the specification](https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format) for details.
-
-- Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
-- Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
-
-They can be told apart with `file -k`:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ file -k type1.AppImage
-type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
-spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
-
-$ file -k type2.AppImage
-type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
-```
-
-Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an `ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem`, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
-
-## Wrapping {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping}
-
-Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use `wrapType1` or `wrapType2`.
-
-```nix
-appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
-  name = "patchwork";
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
-    sha256 = "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
-  };
-  extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ];
-}
-```
-
-- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image.
-- `src` specifies the AppImage file to extract.
-- `extraPkgs` allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
-  - Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables. This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
-  - Running `strace -vfefile` on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.

doc/builders/images/appimagetools.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-appimageTools">
+ <title>pkgs.appimageTools</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <varname>pkgs.appimageTools</varname> is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping <link xlink:href="https://appimage.org/">AppImage</link> files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, <literal>pkgs.appimage-run</literal> can be used as well.
+ </para>
+
+ <warning>
+  <para>
+   The <varname>appimageTools</varname> API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
+  </para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats">
+  <title>AppImage formats</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are different formats for AppImages, see <link xlink:href="https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format">the specification</link> for details.
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   They can be told apart with <command>file -k</command>:
+  </para>
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>file -k type1.AppImage
+type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
+spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
+
+<prompt>$ </prompt>file -k type2.AppImage
+type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
+</screen>
+
+  <para>
+   Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an <literal>ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem</literal>, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping">
+  <title>Wrapping</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use <varname>wrapType1</varname> or <varname>wrapType2</varname>.
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting>
+appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
+  name = "patchwork"; <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-1' />
+  src = fetchurl { <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-2' />
+    url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
+    sha256 =  "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
+  };
+  extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ]; <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-3' />
+}</programlisting>
+
+  <calloutlist>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-1'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>name</varname> specifies the name of the resulting image.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-2'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>src</varname> specifies the AppImage file to extract.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-3'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>extraPkgs</varname> allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
+     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running <command>patchelf</command> and <command>ldd</command> on its executables. This can also be done in <command>appimage-run</command>, by setting <command>APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash</command>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Running <command>strace -vfefile</command> on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+  </calloutlist>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/images/dockertools.section.md

@@ -1,308 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.dockerTools {#sec-pkgs-dockerTools}
-
-`pkgs.dockerTools` is a set of functions for creating and manipulating Docker images according to the [ Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 ](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#docker-image-specification-v120). Docker itself is not used to perform any of the operations done by these functions.
-
-## buildImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage}
-
-This function is analogous to the `docker build` command, in that it can be used to build a Docker-compatible repository tarball containing a single image with one or multiple layers. As such, the result is suitable for being loaded in Docker with `docker load`.
-
-The parameters of `buildImage` with relative example values are described below:
-
-[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage}
-[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot}
-
-```nix
-buildImage {
-  name = "redis";
-  tag = "latest";
-
-  fromImage = someBaseImage;
-  fromImageName = null;
-  fromImageTag = "latest";
-
-  contents = pkgs.redis;
-  runAsRoot = ''
-    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
-    mkdir -p /data
-  '';
-
-  config = {
-    Cmd = [ "/bin/redis-server" ];
-    WorkingDir = "/data";
-    Volumes = { "/data" = { }; };
-  };
-}
-```
-
-The above example will build a Docker image `redis/latest` from the given base image. Loading and running this image in Docker results in `redis-server` being started automatically.
-
-- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image. This is the only required argument for `buildImage`.
-
-- `tag` specifies the tag of the resulting image. By default it's `null`, which indicates that the nix output hash will be used as tag.
-
-- `fromImage` is the repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as exported by `docker save`. By default it's `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
-
-- `fromImageName` can be used to further specify the base image within the repository, in case it contains multiple images. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first image available in the repository.
-
-- `fromImageTag` can be used to further specify the tag of the base image within the repository, in case an image contains multiple tags. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first tag available for the base image.
-
-- `contents` is a derivation that will be copied in the new layer of the resulting image. This can be similarly seen as `ADD contents/ /` in a `Dockerfile`. By default it's `null`.
-
-- `runAsRoot` is a bash script that will run as root in an environment that overlays the existing layers of the base image with the new resulting layer, including the previously copied `contents` derivation. This can be similarly seen as `RUN ...` in a `Dockerfile`.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** Using this parameter requires the `kvm` device to be available.
-
-- `config` is used to specify the configuration of the containers that will be started off the built image in Docker. The available options are listed in the [ Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 ](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
-
-After the new layer has been created, its closure (to which `contents`, `config` and `runAsRoot` contribute) will be copied in the layer itself. Only new dependencies that are not already in the existing layers will be copied.
-
-At the end of the process, only one new single layer will be produced and added to the resulting image.
-
-The resulting repository will only list the single image `image/tag`. In the case of [the `buildImage` example](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage) it would be `redis/latest`.
-
-It is possible to inspect the arguments with which an image was built using its `buildArgs` attribute.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `getProtocolByName: does not exist (no such protocol name: tcp)` you may need to add `pkgs.iana-etc` to `contents`.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `Error_Protocol ("certificate has unknown CA",True,UnknownCa)` you may need to add `pkgs.cacert` to `contents`.
-
-By default `buildImage` will use a static date of one second past the UNIX Epoch. This allows `buildImage` to produce binary reproducible images. When listing images with `docker images`, the newly created images will be listed like this:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ docker images
-REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
-hello        latest   08c791c7846e   48 years ago   25.2MB
-```
-
-You can break binary reproducibility but have a sorted, meaningful `CREATED` column by setting `created` to `now`.
-
-```nix
-pkgs.dockerTools.buildImage {
-  name = "hello";
-  tag = "latest";
-  created = "now";
-  contents = pkgs.hello;
-
-  config.Cmd = [ "/bin/hello" ];
-}
-```
-
-and now the Docker CLI will display a reasonable date and sort the images as expected:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ docker images
-REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
-hello        latest   de2bf4786de6   About a minute ago   25.2MB
-```
-
-however, the produced images will not be binary reproducible.
-
-## buildLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildLayeredImage}
-
-Create a Docker image with many of the store paths being on their own layer to improve sharing between images. The image is realized into the Nix store as a gzipped tarball. Depending on the intended usage, many users might prefer to use `streamLayeredImage` instead, which this function uses internally.
-
-`name`
-
-: The name of the resulting image.
-
-`tag` _optional_
-
-: Tag of the generated image.
-
-    *Default:* the output path's hash
-
-`fromImage` _optional_
-
-: The repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as one exported by `docker save`.
-
-    *Default:* `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
-
-`contents` _optional_
-
-: Top level paths in the container. Either a single derivation, or a list of derivations.
-
-    *Default:* `[]`
-
-`config` _optional_
-
-: Run-time configuration of the container. A full list of the options are available at in the [ Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 ](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
-
-    *Default:* `{}`
-
-`created` _optional_
-
-: Date and time the layers were created. Follows the same `now` exception supported by `buildImage`.
-
-    *Default:* `1970-01-01T00:00:01Z`
-
-`maxLayers` _optional_
-
-: Maximum number of layers to create.
-
-    *Default:* `100`
-
-    *Maximum:* `125`
-
-`extraCommands` _optional_
-
-: Shell commands to run while building the final layer, without access to most of the layer contents. Changes to this layer are "on top" of all the other layers, so can create additional directories and files.
-
-`fakeRootCommands` _optional_
-
-: Shell commands to run while creating the archive for the final layer in a fakeroot environment. Unlike `extraCommands`, you can run `chown` to change the owners of the files in the archive, changing fakeroot's state instead of the real filesystem. The latter would require privileges that the build user does not have. Static binaries do not interact with the fakeroot environment. By default all files in the archive will be owned by root.
-
-### Behavior of `contents` in the final image {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-contents}
-
-Each path directly listed in `contents` will have a symlink in the root of the image.
-
-For example:
-
-```nix
-pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
-  name = "hello";
-  contents = [ pkgs.hello ];
-}
-```
-
-will create symlinks for all the paths in the `hello` package:
-
-```ShellSession
-/bin/hello -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/bin/hello
-/share/info/hello.info -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/info/hello.info
-/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo
-```
-
-### Automatic inclusion of `config` references {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-config}
-
-The closure of `config` is automatically included in the closure of the final image.
-
-This allows you to make very simple Docker images with very little code. This container will start up and run `hello`:
-
-```nix
-pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
-  name = "hello";
-  config.Cmd = [ "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello" ];
-}
-```
-
-### Adjusting `maxLayers` {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-maxLayers}
-
-Increasing the `maxLayers` increases the number of layers which have a chance to be shared between different images.
-
-Modern Docker installations support up to 128 layers, however older versions support as few as 42.
-
-If the produced image will not be extended by other Docker builds, it is safe to set `maxLayers` to `128`. However it will be impossible to extend the image further.
-
-The first (`maxLayers-2`) most "popular" paths will have their own individual layers, then layer \#`maxLayers-1` will contain all the remaining "unpopular" paths, and finally layer \#`maxLayers` will contain the Image configuration.
-
-Docker's Layers are not inherently ordered, they are content-addressable and are not explicitly layered until they are composed in to an Image.
-
-## streamLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-streamLayeredImage}
-
-Builds a script which, when run, will stream an uncompressed tarball of a Docker image to stdout. The arguments to this function are as for `buildLayeredImage`. This method of constructing an image does not realize the image into the Nix store, so it saves on IO and disk/cache space, particularly with large images.
-
-The image produced by running the output script can be piped directly into `docker load`, to load it into the local docker daemon:
-
-```ShellSession
-$(nix-build) | docker load
-```
-
-Alternatively, the image be piped via `gzip` into `skopeo`, e.g. to copy it into a registry:
-
-```ShellSession
-$(nix-build) | gzip --fast | skopeo copy docker-archive:/dev/stdin docker://some_docker_registry/myimage:tag
-```
-
-## pullImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-fetchFromRegistry}
-
-This function is analogous to the `docker pull` command, in that it can be used to pull a Docker image from a Docker registry. By default [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) is used to pull images.
-
-Its parameters are described in the example below:
-
-```nix
-pullImage {
-  imageName = "nixos/nix";
-  imageDigest =
-    "sha256:20d9485b25ecfd89204e843a962c1bd70e9cc6858d65d7f5fadc340246e2116b";
-  finalImageName = "nix";
-  finalImageTag = "1.11";
-  sha256 = "0mqjy3zq2v6rrhizgb9nvhczl87lcfphq9601wcprdika2jz7qh8";
-  os = "linux";
-  arch = "x86_64";
-}
-```
-
-- `imageName` specifies the name of the image to be downloaded, which can also include the registry namespace (e.g. `nixos`). This argument is required.
-
-- `imageDigest` specifies the digest of the image to be downloaded. This argument is required.
-
-- `finalImageName`, if specified, this is the name of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's equal to `imageName`.
-
-- `finalImageTag`, if specified, this is the tag of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's `latest`.
-
-- `sha256` is the checksum of the whole fetched image. This argument is required.
-
-- `os`, if specified, is the operating system of the fetched image. By default it's `linux`.
-
-- `arch`, if specified, is the cpu architecture of the fetched image. By default it's `x86_64`.
-
-`nix-prefetch-docker` command can be used to get required image parameters:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix run nixpkgs.nix-prefetch-docker -c nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5
-```
-
-Since a given `imageName` may transparently refer to a manifest list of images which support multiple architectures and/or operating systems, you can supply the `--os` and `--arch` arguments to specify exactly which image you want. By default it will match the OS and architecture of the host the command is run on.
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --arch x86_64 --os linux
-```
-
-Desired image name and tag can be set using `--final-image-name` and `--final-image-tag` arguments:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --final-image-name eu.gcr.io/my-project/mysql --final-image-tag prod
-```
-
-## exportImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-exportImage}
-
-This function is analogous to the `docker export` command, in that it can be used to flatten a Docker image that contains multiple layers. It is in fact the result of the merge of all the layers of the image. As such, the result is suitable for being imported in Docker with `docker import`.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** Using this function requires the `kvm` device to be available.
-
-The parameters of `exportImage` are the following:
-
-```nix
-exportImage {
-  fromImage = someLayeredImage;
-  fromImageName = null;
-  fromImageTag = null;
-
-  name = someLayeredImage.name;
-}
-```
-
-The parameters relative to the base image have the same synopsis as described in [buildImage](#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage), except that `fromImage` is the only required argument in this case.
-
-The `name` argument is the name of the derivation output, which defaults to `fromImage.name`.
-
-## shadowSetup {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-shadowSetup}
-
-This constant string is a helper for setting up the base files for managing users and groups, only if such files don't exist already. It is suitable for being used in a [`buildImage` `runAsRoot`](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot) script for cases like in the example below:
-
-```nix
-buildImage {
-  name = "shadow-basic";
-
-  runAsRoot = ''
-    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
-    ${shadowSetup}
-    groupadd -r redis
-    useradd -r -g redis redis
-    mkdir /data
-    chown redis:redis /data
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-Creating base files like `/etc/passwd` or `/etc/login.defs` is necessary for shadow-utils to manipulate users and groups.

doc/builders/images/dockertools.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-dockerTools">
+ <title>pkgs.dockerTools</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <varname>pkgs.dockerTools</varname> is a set of functions for creating and manipulating Docker images according to the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#docker-image-specification-v120"> Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 </link>. Docker itself is not used to perform any of the operations done by these functions.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage">
+  <title>buildImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function is analogous to the <command>docker build</command> command, in that it can be used to build a Docker-compatible repository tarball containing a single image with one or multiple layers. As such, the result is suitable for being loaded in Docker with <command>docker load</command>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters of <varname>buildImage</varname> with relative example values are described below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage'>
+   <title>Docker build</title>
+<programlisting>
+buildImage {
+  name = "redis"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-1' />
+  tag = "latest"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-2' />
+
+  fromImage = someBaseImage; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-3' />
+  fromImageName = null; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-4' />
+  fromImageTag = "latest"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-5' />
+
+  contents = pkgs.redis; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-6' />
+  runAsRoot = '' <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot' />
+    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
+    mkdir -p /data
+  '';
+
+  config = { <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-8' />
+    Cmd = [ "/bin/redis-server" ];
+    WorkingDir = "/data";
+    Volumes = {
+      "/data" = {};
+    };
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <para>
+   The above example will build a Docker image <literal>redis/latest</literal> from the given base image. Loading and running this image in Docker results in <literal>redis-server</literal> being started automatically.
+  </para>
+
+  <calloutlist>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-1'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>name</varname> specifies the name of the resulting image. This is the only required argument for <varname>buildImage</varname>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-2'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>tag</varname> specifies the tag of the resulting image. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, which indicates that the nix output hash will be used as tag.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-3'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>fromImage</varname> is the repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as exported by <command>docker save</command>. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, which can be seen as equivalent to <literal>FROM scratch</literal> of a <filename>Dockerfile</filename>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-4'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>fromImageName</varname> can be used to further specify the base image within the repository, in case it contains multiple images. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, in which case <varname>buildImage</varname> will peek the first image available in the repository.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-5'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>fromImageTag</varname> can be used to further specify the tag of the base image within the repository, in case an image contains multiple tags. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, in which case <varname>buildImage</varname> will peek the first tag available for the base image.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-6'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>contents</varname> is a derivation that will be copied in the new layer of the resulting image. This can be similarly seen as <command>ADD contents/ /</command> in a <filename>Dockerfile</filename>. By default it's <literal>null</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>runAsRoot</varname> is a bash script that will run as root in an environment that overlays the existing layers of the base image with the new resulting layer, including the previously copied <varname>contents</varname> derivation. This can be similarly seen as <command>RUN ...</command> in a <filename>Dockerfile</filename>.
+     <note>
+      <para>
+       Using this parameter requires the <literal>kvm</literal> device to be available.
+      </para>
+     </note>
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-8'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>config</varname> is used to specify the configuration of the containers that will be started off the built image in Docker. The available options are listed in the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions"> Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 </link>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+  </calloutlist>
+
+  <para>
+   After the new layer has been created, its closure (to which <varname>contents</varname>, <varname>config</varname> and <varname>runAsRoot</varname> contribute) will be copied in the layer itself. Only new dependencies that are not already in the existing layers will be copied.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   At the end of the process, only one new single layer will be produced and added to the resulting image.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The resulting repository will only list the single image <varname>image/tag</varname>. In the case of <xref linkend='ex-dockerTools-buildImage'/> it would be <varname>redis/latest</varname>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   It is possible to inspect the arguments with which an image was built using its <varname>buildArgs</varname> attribute.
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    If you see errors similar to <literal>getProtocolByName: does not exist (no such protocol name: tcp)</literal> you may need to add <literal>pkgs.iana-etc</literal> to <varname>contents</varname>.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    If you see errors similar to <literal>Error_Protocol ("certificate has unknown CA",True,UnknownCa)</literal> you may need to add <literal>pkgs.cacert</literal> to <varname>contents</varname>.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <example xml:id="example-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage-creation-date">
+   <title>Impurely Defining a Docker Layer's Creation Date</title>
+   <para>
+    By default <function>buildImage</function> will use a static date of one second past the UNIX Epoch. This allows <function>buildImage</function> to produce binary reproducible images. When listing images with <command>docker images</command>, the newly created images will be listed like this:
+   </para>
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>docker images
+REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
+hello        latest   08c791c7846e   48 years ago   25.2MB
+</screen>
+   <para>
+    You can break binary reproducibility but have a sorted, meaningful <literal>CREATED</literal> column by setting <literal>created</literal> to <literal>now</literal>.
+   </para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  tag = "latest";
+  created = "now";
+  contents = pkgs.hello;
+
+  config.Cmd = [ "/bin/hello" ];
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+   <para>
+    and now the Docker CLI will display a reasonable date and sort the images as expected:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>docker images
+REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
+hello        latest   de2bf4786de6   About a minute ago   25.2MB
+</screen>
+    however, the produced images will not be binary reproducible.
+   </para>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildLayeredImage">
+  <title>buildLayeredImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Create a Docker image with many of the store paths being on their own layer to improve sharing between images. The image is realized into the Nix store as a gzipped tarball. Depending on the intended usage, many users might prefer to use <function>streamLayeredImage</function> instead, which this function uses internally.
+  </para>
+
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>name</varname>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of the resulting image.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>tag</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Tag of the generated image.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> the output path's hash
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>contents</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Top level paths in the container. Either a single derivation, or a list of derivations.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>[]</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>config</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Run-time configuration of the container. A full list of the options are available at in the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions"> Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 </link>.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>{}</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>created</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Date and time the layers were created. Follows the same <literal>now</literal> exception supported by <literal>buildImage</literal>.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>1970-01-01T00:00:01Z</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>maxLayers</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Maximum number of layers to create.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>100</literal>
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Maximum:</emphasis> <literal>125</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>extraCommands</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Shell commands to run while building the final layer, without access to most of the layer contents. Changes to this layer are "on top" of all the other layers, so can create additional directories and files.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+  </variablelist>
+
+  <section xml:id="dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-contents">
+   <title>Behavior of <varname>contents</varname> in the final image</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Each path directly listed in <varname>contents</varname> will have a symlink in the root of the image.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    For example:
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  contents = [ pkgs.hello ];
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+    will create symlinks for all the paths in the <literal>hello</literal> package:
+<screen><![CDATA[
+/bin/hello -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/bin/hello
+/share/info/hello.info -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/info/hello.info
+/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo
+]]></screen>
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-config">
+   <title>Automatic inclusion of <varname>config</varname> references</title>
+
+   <para>
+    The closure of <varname>config</varname> is automatically included in the closure of the final image.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    This allows you to make very simple Docker images with very little code. This container will start up and run <command>hello</command>:
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  config.Cmd = [ "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello" ];
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-maxLayers">
+   <title>Adjusting <varname>maxLayers</varname></title>
+
+   <para>
+    Increasing the <varname>maxLayers</varname> increases the number of layers which have a chance to be shared between different images.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Modern Docker installations support up to 128 layers, however older versions support as few as 42.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    If the produced image will not be extended by other Docker builds, it is safe to set <varname>maxLayers</varname> to <literal>128</literal>. However it will be impossible to extend the image further.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    The first (<literal>maxLayers-2</literal>) most "popular" paths will have their own individual layers, then layer #<literal>maxLayers-1</literal> will contain all the remaining "unpopular" paths, and finally layer #<literal>maxLayers</literal> will contain the Image configuration.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Docker's Layers are not inherently ordered, they are content-addressable and are not explicitly layered until they are composed in to an Image.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-streamLayeredImage">
+  <title>streamLayeredImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Builds a script which, when run, will stream an uncompressed tarball of a Docker image to stdout. The arguments to this function are as for <function>buildLayeredImage</function>. This method of constructing an image does not realize the image into the Nix store, so it saves on IO and disk/cache space, particularly with large images.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+    The image produced by running the output script can be piped directly into <command>docker load</command>, to load it into the local docker daemon:
+    <screen><![CDATA[
+$(nix-build) | docker load
+    ]]></screen>
+  </para>
+  <para>
+    Alternatively, the image be piped via <command>gzip</command> into <command>skopeo</command>, e.g. to copy it into a registry:
+    <screen><![CDATA[
+$(nix-build) | gzip --fast | skopeo copy docker-archive:/dev/stdin docker://some_docker_registry/myimage:tag
+    ]]></screen>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-fetchFromRegistry">
+  <title>pullImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function is analogous to the <command>docker pull</command> command, in that it can be used to pull a Docker image from a Docker registry. By default <link xlink:href="https://hub.docker.com/">Docker Hub</link> is used to pull images.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Its parameters are described in the example below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage'>
+   <title>Docker pull</title>
+<programlisting>
+pullImage {
+  imageName = "nixos/nix"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-1' />
+  imageDigest = "sha256:20d9485b25ecfd89204e843a962c1bd70e9cc6858d65d7f5fadc340246e2116b"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-2' />
+  finalImageName = "nix"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-3' />
+  finalImageTag = "1.11";  <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-4' />
+  sha256 = "0mqjy3zq2v6rrhizgb9nvhczl87lcfphq9601wcprdika2jz7qh8"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-5' />
+  os = "linux"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-6' />
+  arch = "x86_64"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-7' />
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <calloutlist>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-1'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>imageName</varname> specifies the name of the image to be downloaded, which can also include the registry namespace (e.g. <literal>nixos</literal>). This argument is required.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-2'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>imageDigest</varname> specifies the digest of the image to be downloaded. This argument is required.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-3'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>finalImageName</varname>, if specified, this is the name of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's equal to <varname>imageName</varname>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-4'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>finalImageTag</varname>, if specified, this is the tag of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's <literal>latest</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-5'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>sha256</varname> is the checksum of the whole fetched image. This argument is required.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-6'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>os</varname>, if specified, is the operating system of the fetched image. By default it's <literal>linux</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-7'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>arch</varname>, if specified, is the cpu architecture of the fetched image. By default it's <literal>x86_64</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+  </calloutlist>
+
+  <para>
+   <literal>nix-prefetch-docker</literal> command can be used to get required image parameters:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix run nixpkgs.nix-prefetch-docker -c nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5
+</screen>
+   Since a given <varname>imageName</varname> may transparently refer to a manifest list of images which support multiple architectures and/or operating systems, you can supply the <option>--os</option> and <option>--arch</option> arguments to specify exactly which image you want. By default it will match the OS and architecture of the host the command is run on.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --arch x86_64 --os linux
+</screen>
+   Desired image name and tag can be set using <option>--final-image-name</option> and <option>--final-image-tag</option> arguments:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --final-image-name eu.gcr.io/my-project/mysql --final-image-tag prod
+</screen>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-exportImage">
+  <title>exportImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function is analogous to the <command>docker export</command> command, in that it can be used to flatten a Docker image that contains multiple layers. It is in fact the result of the merge of all the layers of the image. As such, the result is suitable for being imported in Docker with <command>docker import</command>.
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    Using this function requires the <literal>kvm</literal> device to be available.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters of <varname>exportImage</varname> are the following:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-exportImage'>
+   <title>Docker export</title>
+<programlisting>
+exportImage {
+  fromImage = someLayeredImage;
+  fromImageName = null;
+  fromImageTag = null;
+
+  name = someLayeredImage.name;
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters relative to the base image have the same synopsis as described in <xref linkend='ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage'/>, except that <varname>fromImage</varname> is the only required argument in this case.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The <varname>name</varname> argument is the name of the derivation output, which defaults to <varname>fromImage.name</varname>.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-shadowSetup">
+  <title>shadowSetup</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This constant string is a helper for setting up the base files for managing users and groups, only if such files don't exist already. It is suitable for being used in a <varname>runAsRoot</varname> <xref linkend='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot'/> script for cases like in the example below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-shadowSetup'>
+   <title>Shadow base files</title>
+<programlisting>
+buildImage {
+  name = "shadow-basic";
+
+  runAsRoot = ''
+    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
+    ${shadowSetup}
+    groupadd -r redis
+    useradd -r -g redis redis
+    mkdir /data
+    chown redis:redis /data
+  '';
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <para>
+   Creating base files like <literal>/etc/passwd</literal> or <literal>/etc/login.defs</literal> is necessary for shadow-utils to manipulate users and groups.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/images/ocitools.section.md

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.ociTools {#sec-pkgs-ociTools}
-
-`pkgs.ociTools` is a set of functions for creating containers according to the [OCI container specification v1.0.0](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec). Beyond that it makes no assumptions about the container runner you choose to use to run the created container.
-
-## buildContainer {#ssec-pkgs-ociTools-buildContainer}
-
-This function creates a simple OCI container that runs a single command inside of it. An OCI container consists of a `config.json` and a rootfs directory.The nix store of the container will contain all referenced dependencies of the given command.
-
-The parameters of `buildContainer` with an example value are described below:
-
-```nix
-buildContainer {
-  args = [
-    (with pkgs;
-      writeScript "run.sh" ''
-        #!${bash}/bin/bash
-        exec ${bash}/bin/bash
-      '').outPath
-  ];
-
-  mounts = {
-    "/data" = {
-      type = "none";
-      source = "/var/lib/mydata";
-      options = [ "bind" ];
-    };
-  };
-
-  readonly = false;
-}
-```
-
-- `args` specifies a set of arguments to run inside the container. This is the only required argument for `buildContainer`. All referenced packages inside the derivation will be made available inside the container
-
-- `mounts` specifies additional mount points chosen by the user. By default only a minimal set of necessary filesystems are mounted into the container (e.g procfs, cgroupfs)
-
-- `readonly` makes the container\'s rootfs read-only if it is set to true. The default value is false `false`.

doc/builders/images/ocitools.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-ociTools">
+ <title>pkgs.ociTools</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <varname>pkgs.ociTools</varname> is a set of functions for creating containers according to the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec">OCI container specification v1.0.0</link>. Beyond that it makes no assumptions about the container runner you choose to use to run the created container.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-ociTools-buildContainer">
+  <title>buildContainer</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function creates a simple OCI container that runs a single command inside of it. An OCI container consists of a <varname>config.json</varname> and a rootfs directory.The nix store of the container will contain all referenced dependencies of the given command.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters of <varname>buildContainer</varname> with an example value are described below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer'>
+   <title>Build Container</title>
+<programlisting>
+buildContainer {
+  args = [ (with pkgs; writeScript "run.sh" ''
+    #!${bash}/bin/bash
+    exec ${bash}/bin/bash
+  '').outPath ]; <co xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-1' />
+
+  mounts = {
+    "/data" = {
+      type = "none";
+      source = "/var/lib/mydata";
+      options = [ "bind" ];
+    };
+  };<co xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-2' />
+
+  readonly = false; <co xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-3' />
+}
+</programlisting>
+   <calloutlist>
+    <callout arearefs='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-1'>
+     <para>
+      <varname>args</varname> specifies a set of arguments to run inside the container. This is the only required argument for <varname>buildContainer</varname>. All referenced packages inside the derivation will be made available inside the container
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-2'>
+     <para>
+      <varname>mounts</varname> specifies additional mount points chosen by the user. By default only a minimal set of necessary filesystems are mounted into the container (e.g procfs, cgroupfs)
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-3'>
+     <para>
+      <varname>readonly</varname> makes the container's rootfs read-only if it is set to true. The default value is false <literal>false</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+   </calloutlist>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/images/snap/example-firefox.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+let
+  inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools firefox;
+in snapTools.makeSnap {
+  meta = {
+    name = "nix-example-firefox";
+    summary = firefox.meta.description;
+    architectures = [ "amd64" ];
+    apps.nix-example-firefox = {
+      command = "${firefox}/bin/firefox";
+      plugs = [
+        "pulseaudio"
+        "camera"
+        "browser-support"
+        "avahi-observe"
+        "cups-control"
+        "desktop"
+        "desktop-legacy"
+        "gsettings"
+        "home"
+        "network"
+        "mount-observe"
+        "removable-media"
+        "x11"
+      ];
+    };
+    confinement = "strict";
+  };
+}

doc/builders/images/snap/example-hello.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+let
+  inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools hello;
+in snapTools.makeSnap {
+  meta = {
+    name = "hello";
+    summary = hello.meta.description;
+    description = hello.meta.longDescription;
+    architectures = [ "amd64" ];
+    confinement = "strict";
+    apps.hello.command = "${hello}/bin/hello";
+  };
+}

doc/builders/images/snaptools.section.md

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.snapTools {#sec-pkgs-snapTools}
-
-`pkgs.snapTools` is a set of functions for creating Snapcraft images. Snap and Snapcraft is not used to perform these operations.
-
-## The makeSnap Function {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-makeSnap-signature}
-
-`makeSnap` takes a single named argument, `meta`. This argument mirrors [the upstream `snap.yaml` format](https://docs.snapcraft.io/snap-format) exactly.
-
-The `base` should not be specified, as `makeSnap` will force set it.
-
-Currently, `makeSnap` does not support creating GUI stubs.
-
-## Build a Hello World Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-hello}
-
-The following expression packages GNU Hello as a Snapcraft snap.
-
-```{#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-hello .nix}
-let
-  inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools hello;
-in snapTools.makeSnap {
-  meta = {
-    name = "hello";
-    summary = hello.meta.description;
-    description = hello.meta.longDescription;
-    architectures = [ "amd64" ];
-    confinement = "strict";
-    apps.hello.command = "${hello}/bin/hello";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `hello` will now be the Snapcraft version of the package.
-
-## Build a Graphical Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-firefox}
-
-Graphical programs require many more integrations with the host. This example uses Firefox as an example, because it is one of the most complicated programs we could package.
-
-```{#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-firefox .nix}
-let
-  inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools firefox;
-in snapTools.makeSnap {
-  meta = {
-    name = "nix-example-firefox";
-    summary = firefox.meta.description;
-    architectures = [ "amd64" ];
-    apps.nix-example-firefox = {
-      command = "${firefox}/bin/firefox";
-      plugs = [
-        "pulseaudio"
-        "camera"
-        "browser-support"
-        "avahi-observe"
-        "cups-control"
-        "desktop"
-        "desktop-legacy"
-        "gsettings"
-        "home"
-        "network"
-        "mount-observe"
-        "removable-media"
-        "x11"
-      ];
-    };
-    confinement = "strict";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `nix-example-firefox` will now be the Snapcraft version of the Firefox package.
-
-The specific meaning behind plugs can be looked up in the [Snapcraft interface documentation](https://docs.snapcraft.io/supported-interfaces).

doc/builders/images/snaptools.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-snapTools">
+ <title>pkgs.snapTools</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <varname>pkgs.snapTools</varname> is a set of functions for creating Snapcraft images. Snap and Snapcraft is not used to perform these operations.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-snapTools-makeSnap-signature">
+  <title>The makeSnap Function</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <function>makeSnap</function> takes a single named argument, <parameter>meta</parameter>. This argument mirrors <link xlink:href="https://docs.snapcraft.io/snap-format">the upstream <filename>snap.yaml</filename> format</link> exactly.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The <parameter>base</parameter> should not be be specified, as <function>makeSnap</function> will force set it.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Currently, <function>makeSnap</function> does not support creating GUI stubs.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-hello">
+  <title>Build a Hello World Snap</title>
+
+  <example xml:id="ex-snapTools-buildSnap-hello">
+   <title>Making a Hello World Snap</title>
+   <para>
+    The following expression packages GNU Hello as a Snapcraft snap.
+   </para>
+<programlisting><xi:include href="./snap/example-hello.nix" parse="text" /></programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <command>nix-build</command> this expression and install it with <command>snap install ./result --dangerous</command>. <command>hello</command> will now be the Snapcraft version of the package.
+   </para>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-firefox">
+  <title>Build a Hello World Snap</title>
+
+  <example xml:id="ex-snapTools-buildSnap-firefox">
+   <title>Making a Graphical Snap</title>
+   <para>
+    Graphical programs require many more integrations with the host. This example uses Firefox as an example, because it is one of the most complicated programs we could package.
+   </para>
+<programlisting><xi:include href="./snap/example-firefox.nix" parse="text" /></programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <command>nix-build</command> this expression and install it with <command>snap install ./result --dangerous</command>. <command>nix-example-firefox</command> will now be the Snapcraft version of the Firefox package.
+   </para>
+   <para>
+    The specific meaning behind plugs can be looked up in the <link xlink:href="https://docs.snapcraft.io/supported-interfaces">Snapcraft interface documentation</link>.
+   </para>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/cataclysm-dda.section.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead {#cataclysm-dark-days-ahead}
+# Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead
 
 ## How to install Cataclysm DDA
 
@@ -34,41 +34,6 @@ cataclysm-dda.override {
 }
 ```
 
-## Important note for overriding packages
-
-After applying `overrideAttrs`, you need to fix `passthru.pkgs` and
-`passthru.withMods` attributes either manually or by using `attachPkgs`:
-
-```nix
-let
-  # You enabled parallel building.
-  myCDDA = cataclysm-dda-git.overrideAttrs (_: {
-    enableParallelBuilding = true;
-  });
-
-  # Unfortunately, this refers to the package before overriding and
-  # parallel building is still disabled.
-  badExample = myCDDA.withMods (_: []);
-
-  inherit (cataclysmDDA) attachPkgs pkgs wrapCDDA;
-
-  # You can fix it by hand
-  goodExample1 = myCDDA.overrideAttrs (old: {
-    passthru = old.passthru // {
-      pkgs = pkgs.override { build = goodExample1; };
-      withMods = wrapCDDA goodExample1;
-    };
-  });
-
-  # or by using a helper function `attachPkgs`.
-  goodExample2 = attachPkgs pkgs myCDDA;
-in
-
-# badExample                     # parallel building disabled
-# goodExample1.withMods (_: [])  # parallel building enabled
-goodExample2.withMods (_: [])    # parallel building enabled
-```
-
 ## Customizing with mods
 
 To install Cataclysm DDA with mods of your choice, you can use `withMods`

doc/builders/packages/citrix.section.md

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# Citrix Workspace {#sec-citrix}
-
-The [Citrix Workspace App](https://www.citrix.com/products/workspace-app/) is a remote desktop viewer which provides access to [XenDesktop](https://www.citrix.com/products/xenapp-xendesktop/) installations.
-
-## Basic usage {#sec-citrix-base}
-
-The tarball archive needs to be downloaded manually as the license agreements of the vendor for [Citrix Workspace](https://www.citrix.de/downloads/workspace-app/linux/workspace-app-for-linux-latest.html) needs to be accepted first. Then run `nix-prefetch-url file://$PWD/linuxx64-$version.tar.gz`. With the archive available in the store the package can be built and installed with Nix.
-
-## Citrix Selfservice {#sec-citrix-selfservice}
-
-The [selfservice](https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX200337) is an application managing Citrix desktops and applications. Please note that this feature only works with at least citrix_workspace_20_06_0 and later versions.
-
-In order to set this up, you first have to [download the `.cr` file from the Netscaler Gateway](https://its.uiowa.edu/support/article/102186). After that you can configure the `selfservice` like this:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ storebrowse -C ~/Downloads/receiverconfig.cr
-$ selfservice
-```
-
-## Custom certificates {#sec-citrix-custom-certs}
-
-The `Citrix Workspace App` in `nixpkgs` trusts several certificates [from the Mozilla database](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html) by default. However several companies using Citrix might require their own corporate certificate. On distros with imperative packaging these certs can be stored easily in [`$ICAROOT`](https://developer-docs.citrix.com/projects/receiver-for-linux-command-reference/en/13.7/), however this directory is a store path in `nixpkgs`. In order to work around this issue the package provides a simple mechanism to add custom certificates without rebuilding the entire package using `symlinkJoin`:
-
-```nix
-with import <nixpkgs> { config.allowUnfree = true; };
-let
-  extraCerts = [
-    ./custom-cert-1.pem
-    ./custom-cert-2.pem # ...
-  ];
-in citrix_workspace.override { inherit extraCerts; }
-```

doc/builders/packages/citrix.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-citrix">
+ <title>Citrix Workspace</title>
+
+ <para>
+  The <link xlink:href="https://www.citrix.com/products/workspace-app/">Citrix Workspace App</link> is a remote desktop viewer which provides access to <link xlink:href="https://www.citrix.com/products/xenapp-xendesktop/">XenDesktop</link> installations.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-citrix-base">
+  <title>Basic usage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The tarball archive needs to be downloaded manually as the license agreements of the vendor for <link xlink:href="https://www.citrix.de/downloads/workspace-app/linux/workspace-app-for-linux-latest.html">Citrix Workspace</link> needs to be accepted first. Then run <command>nix-prefetch-url file://$PWD/linuxx64-$version.tar.gz</command>. With the archive available in the store the package can be built and installed with Nix.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-citrix-selfservice">
+  <title>Citrix Selfservice</title>
+  <para>
+   The <link xlink:href="https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX200337">selfservice</link> is an application managing Citrix desktops and applications. Please note that this feature only works with at least <package>citrix_workspace_20_06_0</package> and later versions.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   In order to set this up, you first have to <link xlink:href="https://its.uiowa.edu/support/article/102186">download the <literal>.cr</literal> file from the Netscaler Gateway</link>. After that you can configure the <command>selfservice</command> like this:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>storebrowse -C ~/Downloads/receiverconfig.cr
+<prompt>$ </prompt>selfservice
+</screen>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-citrix-custom-certs">
+  <title>Custom certificates</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The <literal>Citrix Workspace App</literal> in <literal>nixpkgs</literal> trusts several certificates <link xlink:href="https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html">from the Mozilla database</link> by default. However several companies using Citrix might require their own corporate certificate. On distros with imperative packaging these certs can be stored easily in <link xlink:href="https://developer-docs.citrix.com/projects/receiver-for-linux-command-reference/en/13.7/"><literal>$ICAROOT</literal></link>, however this directory is a store path in <literal>nixpkgs</literal>. In order to work around this issue the package provides a simple mechanism to add custom certificates without rebuilding the entire package using <literal>symlinkJoin</literal>:
+<programlisting>
+<![CDATA[with import <nixpkgs> { config.allowUnfree = true; };
+let extraCerts = [ ./custom-cert-1.pem ./custom-cert-2.pem /* ... */ ]; in
+citrix_workspace.override {
+  inherit extraCerts;
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/dlib.section.md

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# DLib {#dlib}
-
-[DLib](http://dlib.net/) is a modern, C++-based toolkit which provides several machine learning algorithms.
-
-## Compiling without AVX support {#compiling-without-avx-support}
-
-Especially older CPUs don\'t support [AVX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions) (Advanced Vector Extensions) instructions that are used by DLib to optimize their algorithms.
-
-On the affected hardware errors like `Illegal instruction` will occur. In those cases AVX support needs to be disabled:
-
-```nix
-self: super: { dlib = super.dlib.override { avxSupport = false; }; }
-```

doc/builders/packages/dlib.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="dlib">
+ <title>DLib</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <link xlink:href="http://dlib.net/">DLib</link> is a modern, C++-based toolkit which provides several machine learning algorithms.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="compiling-without-avx-support">
+  <title>Compiling without AVX support</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Especially older CPUs don't support <link xlink:href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions">AVX</link> (<abbrev>Advanced Vector Extensions</abbrev>) instructions that are used by DLib to optimize their algorithms.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   On the affected hardware errors like <literal>Illegal instruction</literal> will occur. In those cases AVX support needs to be disabled:
+<programlisting>self: super: {
+  dlib = super.dlib.override { avxSupport = false; };
+}</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/eclipse.section.md

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-# Eclipse {#sec-eclipse}
-
-The Nix expressions related to the Eclipse platform and IDE are in [`pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse).
-
-Nixpkgs provides a number of packages that will install Eclipse in its various forms. These range from the bare-bones Eclipse Platform to the more fully featured Eclipse SDK or Scala-IDE packages and multiple version are often available. It is possible to list available Eclipse packages by issuing the command:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses --description
-```
-
-Once an Eclipse variant is installed it can be run using the `eclipse` command, as expected. From within Eclipse it is then possible to install plugins in the usual manner by either manually specifying an Eclipse update site or by installing the Marketplace Client plugin and using it to discover and install other plugins. This installation method provides an Eclipse installation that closely resemble a manually installed Eclipse.
-
-If you prefer to install plugins in a more declarative manner then Nixpkgs also offer a number of Eclipse plugins that can be installed in an _Eclipse environment_. This type of environment is created using the function `eclipseWithPlugins` found inside the `nixpkgs.eclipses` attribute set. This function takes as argument `{ eclipse, plugins ? [], jvmArgs ? [] }` where `eclipse` is a one of the Eclipse packages described above, `plugins` is a list of plugin derivations, and `jvmArgs` is a list of arguments given to the JVM running the Eclipse. For example, say you wish to install the latest Eclipse Platform with the popular Eclipse Color Theme plugin and also allow Eclipse to use more RAM. You could then add
-
-```nix
-packageOverrides = pkgs: {
-  myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
-    eclipse = eclipse-platform;
-    jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
-    plugins = [ plugins.color-theme ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-to your Nixpkgs configuration (`~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix`) and install it by running `nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA myEclipse` and afterward run Eclipse as usual. It is possible to find out which plugins are available for installation using `eclipseWithPlugins` by running
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses.plugins --description
-```
-
-If there is a need to install plugins that are not available in Nixpkgs then it may be possible to define these plugins outside Nixpkgs using the `buildEclipseUpdateSite` and `buildEclipsePlugin` functions found in the `nixpkgs.eclipses.plugins` attribute set. Use the `buildEclipseUpdateSite` function to install a plugin distributed as an Eclipse update site. This function takes `{ name, src }` as argument where `src` indicates the Eclipse update site archive. All Eclipse features and plugins within the downloaded update site will be installed. When an update site archive is not available then the `buildEclipsePlugin` function can be used to install a plugin that consists of a pair of feature and plugin JARs. This function takes an argument `{ name, srcFeature, srcPlugin }` where `srcFeature` and `srcPlugin` are the feature and plugin JARs, respectively.
-
-Expanding the previous example with two plugins using the above functions we have
-
-```nix
-packageOverrides = pkgs: {
-  myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
-    eclipse = eclipse-platform;
-    jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
-    plugins = [
-      plugins.color-theme
-      (plugins.buildEclipsePlugin {
-        name = "myplugin1-1.0";
-        srcFeature = fetchurl {
-          url = "http://…/features/myplugin1.jar";
-          sha256 = "123…";
-        };
-        srcPlugin = fetchurl {
-          url = "http://…/plugins/myplugin1.jar";
-          sha256 = "123…";
-        };
-      });
-      (plugins.buildEclipseUpdateSite {
-        name = "myplugin2-1.0";
-        src = fetchurl {
-          stripRoot = false;
-          url = "http://…/myplugin2.zip";
-          sha256 = "123…";
-        };
-      });
-    ];
-  };
-}
-```

doc/builders/packages/eclipse.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-eclipse">
+ <title>Eclipse</title>
+
+ <para>
+  The Nix expressions related to the Eclipse platform and IDE are in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse"><filename>pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Nixpkgs provides a number of packages that will install Eclipse in its various forms. These range from the bare-bones Eclipse Platform to the more fully featured Eclipse SDK or Scala-IDE packages and multiple version are often available. It is possible to list available Eclipse packages by issuing the command:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-env -f '&lt;nixpkgs&gt;' -qaP -A eclipses --description
+</screen>
+  Once an Eclipse variant is installed it can be run using the <command>eclipse</command> command, as expected. From within Eclipse it is then possible to install plugins in the usual manner by either manually specifying an Eclipse update site or by installing the Marketplace Client plugin and using it to discover and install other plugins. This installation method provides an Eclipse installation that closely resemble a manually installed Eclipse.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  If you prefer to install plugins in a more declarative manner then Nixpkgs also offer a number of Eclipse plugins that can be installed in an <emphasis>Eclipse environment</emphasis>. This type of environment is created using the function <varname>eclipseWithPlugins</varname> found inside the <varname>nixpkgs.eclipses</varname> attribute set. This function takes as argument <literal>{ eclipse, plugins ? [], jvmArgs ? [] }</literal> where <varname>eclipse</varname> is a one of the Eclipse packages described above, <varname>plugins</varname> is a list of plugin derivations, and <varname>jvmArgs</varname> is a list of arguments given to the JVM running the Eclipse. For example, say you wish to install the latest Eclipse Platform with the popular Eclipse Color Theme plugin and also allow Eclipse to use more RAM. You could then add
+<screen>
+packageOverrides = pkgs: {
+  myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
+    eclipse = eclipse-platform;
+    jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
+    plugins = [ plugins.color-theme ];
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+  to your Nixpkgs configuration (<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>) and install it by running <command>nix-env -f '&lt;nixpkgs&gt;' -iA myEclipse</command> and afterward run Eclipse as usual. It is possible to find out which plugins are available for installation using <varname>eclipseWithPlugins</varname> by running
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-env -f '&lt;nixpkgs&gt;' -qaP -A eclipses.plugins --description
+</screen>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  If there is a need to install plugins that are not available in Nixpkgs then it may be possible to define these plugins outside Nixpkgs using the <varname>buildEclipseUpdateSite</varname> and <varname>buildEclipsePlugin</varname> functions found in the <varname>nixpkgs.eclipses.plugins</varname> attribute set. Use the <varname>buildEclipseUpdateSite</varname> function to install a plugin distributed as an Eclipse update site. This function takes <literal>{ name, src }</literal> as argument where <literal>src</literal> indicates the Eclipse update site archive. All Eclipse features and plugins within the downloaded update site will be installed. When an update site archive is not available then the <varname>buildEclipsePlugin</varname> function can be used to install a plugin that consists of a pair of feature and plugin JARs. This function takes an argument <literal>{ name, srcFeature, srcPlugin }</literal> where <literal>srcFeature</literal> and <literal>srcPlugin</literal> are the feature and plugin JARs, respectively.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Expanding the previous example with two plugins using the above functions we have
+<screen>
+packageOverrides = pkgs: {
+  myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
+    eclipse = eclipse-platform;
+    jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
+    plugins = [
+      plugins.color-theme
+      (plugins.buildEclipsePlugin {
+        name = "myplugin1-1.0";
+        srcFeature = fetchurl {
+          url = "http://…/features/myplugin1.jar";
+          sha256 = "123…";
+        };
+        srcPlugin = fetchurl {
+          url = "http://…/plugins/myplugin1.jar";
+          sha256 = "123…";
+        };
+      });
+      (plugins.buildEclipseUpdateSite {
+        name = "myplugin2-1.0";
+        src = fetchurl {
+          stripRoot = false;
+          url = "http://…/myplugin2.zip";
+          sha256 = "123…";
+        };
+      });
+    ];
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/elm.section.md

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Elm {#sec-elm}
-
-To start a development environment do
-
-```ShellSession
-nix-shell -p elmPackages.elm elmPackages.elm-format
-```
-
-To update the Elm compiler, see <filename>nixpkgs/pkgs/development/compilers/elm/README.md</filename>.
-
-To package Elm applications, [read about elm2nix](https://github.com/hercules-ci/elm2nix#elm2nix).

doc/builders/packages/elm.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-elm">
+ <title>Elm</title>
+
+ <para>
+  To start a development environment do <command>nix-shell -p elmPackages.elm elmPackages.elm-format</command>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  To update Elm compiler, see <filename>nixpkgs/pkgs/development/compilers/elm/README.md</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  To package Elm applications, <link xlink:href="https://github.com/hercules-ci/elm2nix#elm2nix">read about elm2nix</link>.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/emacs.section.md

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-# Emacs {#sec-emacs}
-
-## Configuring Emacs {#sec-emacs-config}
-
-The Emacs package comes with some extra helpers to make it easier to configure. `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` allows you to manage packages from ELPA. This means that you will not have to install that packages from within Emacs. For instance, if you wanted to use `company` `counsel`, `flycheck`, `ivy`, `magit`, `projectile`, and `use-package` you could use this as a `~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix` override:
-
-```nix
-{
-  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
-    myEmacs = emacs.pkgs.withPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
-      company
-      counsel
-      flycheck
-      ivy
-      magit
-      projectile
-      use-package
-    ]));
-  }
-}
-```
-
-You can install it like any other packages via `nix-env -iA myEmacs`. However, this will only install those packages. It will not `configure` them for us. To do this, we need to provide a configuration file. Luckily, it is possible to do this from within Nix! By modifying the above example, we can make Emacs load a custom config file. The key is to create a package that provide a `default.el` file in `/share/emacs/site-start/`. Emacs knows to load this file automatically when it starts.
-
-```nix
-{
-  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
-    myEmacsConfig = writeText "default.el" ''
-      ;; initialize package
-
-      (require 'package)
-      (package-initialize 'noactivate)
-      (eval-when-compile
-        (require 'use-package))
-
-      ;; load some packages
-
-      (use-package company
-        :bind ("<C-tab>" . company-complete)
-        :diminish company-mode
-        :commands (company-mode global-company-mode)
-        :defer 1
-        :config
-        (global-company-mode))
-
-      (use-package counsel
-        :commands (counsel-descbinds)
-        :bind (([remap execute-extended-command] . counsel-M-x)
-               ("C-x C-f" . counsel-find-file)
-               ("C-c g" . counsel-git)
-               ("C-c j" . counsel-git-grep)
-               ("C-c k" . counsel-ag)
-               ("C-x l" . counsel-locate)
-               ("M-y" . counsel-yank-pop)))
-
-      (use-package flycheck
-        :defer 2
-        :config (global-flycheck-mode))
-
-      (use-package ivy
-        :defer 1
-        :bind (("C-c C-r" . ivy-resume)
-               ("C-x C-b" . ivy-switch-buffer)
-               :map ivy-minibuffer-map
-               ("C-j" . ivy-call))
-        :diminish ivy-mode
-        :commands ivy-mode
-        :config
-        (ivy-mode 1))
-
-      (use-package magit
-        :defer
-        :if (executable-find "git")
-        :bind (("C-x g" . magit-status)
-               ("C-x G" . magit-dispatch-popup))
-        :init
-        (setq magit-completing-read-function 'ivy-completing-read))
-
-      (use-package projectile
-        :commands projectile-mode
-        :bind-keymap ("C-c p" . projectile-command-map)
-        :defer 5
-        :config
-        (projectile-global-mode))
-    '';
-
-    myEmacs = emacs.pkgs.withPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
-      (runCommand "default.el" {} ''
-         mkdir -p $out/share/emacs/site-lisp
-         cp ${myEmacsConfig} $out/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el
-       '')
-      company
-      counsel
-      flycheck
-      ivy
-      magit
-      projectile
-      use-package
-    ]));
-  };
-}
-```
-
-This provides a fairly full Emacs start file. It will load in addition to the user's presonal config. You can always disable it by passing `-q` to the Emacs command.
-
-Sometimes `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` is not enough, as this package set has some priorities imposed on packages (with the lowest priority assigned to Melpa Unstable, and the highest for packages manually defined in `pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix`). But you can't control this priorities when some package is installed as a dependency. You can override it on per-package-basis, providing all the required dependencies manually - but it's tedious and there is always a possibility that an unwanted dependency will sneak in through some other package. To completely override such a package you can use `overrideScope'`.
-
-```nix
-overrides = self: super: rec {
-  haskell-mode = self.melpaPackages.haskell-mode;
-  ...
-};
-((emacsPackagesFor emacs).overrideScope' overrides).emacs.pkgs.withPackages
-  (p: with p; [
-    # here both these package will use haskell-mode of our own choice
-    ghc-mod
-    dante
-  ])
-```

doc/builders/packages/emacs.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-emacs">
+ <title>Emacs</title>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-emacs-config">
+  <title>Configuring Emacs</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The Emacs package comes with some extra helpers to make it easier to configure. <varname>emacsWithPackages</varname> allows you to manage packages from ELPA. This means that you will not have to install that packages from within Emacs. For instance, if you wanted to use <literal>company</literal>, <literal>counsel</literal>, <literal>flycheck</literal>, <literal>ivy</literal>, <literal>magit</literal>, <literal>projectile</literal>, and <literal>use-package</literal> you could use this as a <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename> override:
+  </para>
+
+<screen>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
+    myEmacs = emacsWithPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
+      company
+      counsel
+      flycheck
+      ivy
+      magit
+      projectile
+      use-package
+    ]));
+  }
+}
+</screen>
+
+  <para>
+   You can install it like any other packages via <command>nix-env -iA myEmacs</command>. However, this will only install those packages. It will not <literal>configure</literal> them for us. To do this, we need to provide a configuration file. Luckily, it is possible to do this from within Nix! By modifying the above example, we can make Emacs load a custom config file. The key is to create a package that provide a <filename>default.el</filename> file in <filename>/share/emacs/site-start/</filename>. Emacs knows to load this file automatically when it starts.
+  </para>
+
+<screen>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
+    myEmacsConfig = writeText "default.el" ''
+;; initialize package
+
+(require 'package)
+(package-initialize 'noactivate)
+(eval-when-compile
+  (require 'use-package))
+
+;; load some packages
+
+(use-package company
+  :bind ("&lt;C-tab&gt;" . company-complete)
+  :diminish company-mode
+  :commands (company-mode global-company-mode)
+  :defer 1
+  :config
+  (global-company-mode))
+
+(use-package counsel
+  :commands (counsel-descbinds)
+  :bind (([remap execute-extended-command] . counsel-M-x)
+         ("C-x C-f" . counsel-find-file)
+         ("C-c g" . counsel-git)
+         ("C-c j" . counsel-git-grep)
+         ("C-c k" . counsel-ag)
+         ("C-x l" . counsel-locate)
+         ("M-y" . counsel-yank-pop)))
+
+(use-package flycheck
+  :defer 2
+  :config (global-flycheck-mode))
+
+(use-package ivy
+  :defer 1
+  :bind (("C-c C-r" . ivy-resume)
+         ("C-x C-b" . ivy-switch-buffer)
+         :map ivy-minibuffer-map
+         ("C-j" . ivy-call))
+  :diminish ivy-mode
+  :commands ivy-mode
+  :config
+  (ivy-mode 1))
+
+(use-package magit
+  :defer
+  :if (executable-find "git")
+  :bind (("C-x g" . magit-status)
+         ("C-x G" . magit-dispatch-popup))
+  :init
+  (setq magit-completing-read-function 'ivy-completing-read))
+
+(use-package projectile
+  :commands projectile-mode
+  :bind-keymap ("C-c p" . projectile-command-map)
+  :defer 5
+  :config
+  (projectile-global-mode))
+    '';
+    myEmacs = emacsWithPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
+      (runCommand "default.el" {} ''
+mkdir -p $out/share/emacs/site-lisp
+cp ${myEmacsConfig} $out/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el
+'')
+      company
+      counsel
+      flycheck
+      ivy
+      magit
+      projectile
+      use-package
+    ]));
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+
+  <para>
+   This provides a fairly full Emacs start file. It will load in addition to the user's presonal config. You can always disable it by passing <command>-q</command> to the Emacs command.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Sometimes <varname>emacsWithPackages</varname> is not enough, as this package set has some priorities imposed on packages (with the lowest priority assigned to Melpa Unstable, and the highest for packages manually defined in <filename>pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix</filename>). But you can't control this priorities when some package is installed as a dependency. You can override it on per-package-basis, providing all the required dependencies manually - but it's tedious and there is always a possibility that an unwanted dependency will sneak in through some other package. To completely override such a package you can use <varname>overrideScope'</varname>.
+  </para>
+
+<screen>
+overrides = self: super: rec {
+  haskell-mode = self.melpaPackages.haskell-mode;
+  ...
+};
+((emacsPackagesGen emacs).overrideScope' overrides).emacsWithPackages (p: with p; [
+  # here both these package will use haskell-mode of our own choice
+  ghc-mod
+  dante
+])
+</screen>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/firefox.section.md

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# Firefox {#sec-firefox}
-
-## Build wrapped Firefox with extensions and policies
-
-The `wrapFirefox` function allows to pass policies, preferences and extension that are available to firefox. With the help of `fetchFirefoxAddon` this allows build a firefox version that already comes with addons pre-installed:
-
-```nix
-{
-  myFirefox = wrapFirefox firefox-unwrapped {
-    nixExtensions = [
-      (fetchFirefoxAddon {
-        name = "ublock"; # Has to be unique!
-        url = "https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/downloads/file/3679754/ublock_origin-1.31.0-an+fx.xpi";
-        sha256 = "1h768ljlh3pi23l27qp961v1hd0nbj2vasgy11bmcrlqp40zgvnr";
-      })
-    ];
-
-    extraPolicies = {
-      CaptivePortal = false;
-      DisableFirefoxStudies = true;
-      DisablePocket = true;
-      DisableTelemetry = true;
-      DisableFirefoxAccounts = true;
-      FirefoxHome = {
-        Pocket = false;
-        Snippets = false;
-      };
-       UserMessaging = {
-         ExtensionRecommendations = false;
-         SkipOnboarding = true;
-       };
-    };
-
-    extraPrefs = ''
-      // Show more ssl cert infos
-      lockPref("security.identityblock.show_extended_validation", true);
-    '';
-  };
-}
-```
-
-If `nixExtensions != null` then all manually installed addons will be uninstalled from your browser profile.
-To view available enterprise policies visit [enterprise policies](https://github.com/mozilla/policy-templates#enterprisepoliciesenabled)
-or type into the Firefox url bar: `about:policies#documentation`.
-Nix installed addons do not have a valid signature, which is why signature verification is disabled. This does not compromise security because downloaded addons are checksumed and manual addons can't be installed. Also make sure that the `name` field of fetchFirefoxAddon is unique. If you remove an addon from the nixExtensions array, rebuild and start Firefox the removed addon will be completly removed with all of its settings.
-
-## Troubleshooting {#sec-firefox-troubleshooting}
-If addons do not appear installed although they have been defined in your nix configuration file reset the local addon state of your Firefox profile by clicking `help -> restart with addons disabled -> restart -> refresh firefox`. This can happen if you switch from manual addon mode to nix addon mode and then back to manual mode and then again to nix addon mode.
-

doc/builders/packages/fish.section.md

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# Fish {#sec-fish}
-
-Fish is a "smart and user-friendly command line shell" with support for plugins.
-
-
-## Vendor Fish scripts {#sec-fish-vendor}
-
-Any package may ship its own Fish completions, configuration snippets, and
-functions. Those should be installed to
-`$out/share/fish/vendor_{completions,conf,functions}.d` respectively.
-
-When the `programs.fish.enable` and
-`programs.fish.vendor.{completions,config,functions}.enable` options from the
-NixOS Fish module are set to true, those paths are symlinked in the current
-system environment and automatically loaded by Fish.
-
-
-## Packaging Fish plugins {#sec-fish-plugins-pkg}
-
-While packages providing standalone executables belong to the top level,
-packages which have the sole purpose of extending Fish belong to the
-`fishPlugins` scope and should be registered in
-`pkgs/shells/fish/plugins/default.nix`.
-
-The `buildFishPlugin` utility function can be used to automatically copy Fish
-scripts from `$src/{completions,conf,conf.d,functions}` to the standard vendor
-installation paths. It also sets up the test environment so that the optional
-`checkPhase` is executed in a Fish shell with other already packaged plugins
-and package-local Fish functions specified in `checkPlugins` and
-`checkFunctionDirs` respectively.
-
-See `pkgs/shells/fish/plugins/pure.nix` for an example of Fish plugin package
-using `buildFishPlugin` and running unit tests with the `fishtape` test runner.
-
-
-## Fish wrapper {#sec-fish-wrapper}
-
-The `wrapFish` package is a wrapper around Fish which can be used to create
-Fish shells initialised with some plugins as well as completions, configuration
-snippets and functions sourced from the given paths. This provides a convenient
-way to test Fish plugins and scripts without having to alter the environment.
-
-```nix
-wrapFish {
-  pluginPkgs = with fishPlugins; [ pure foreign-env ];
-  completionDirs = [];
-  functionDirs = [];
-  confDirs = [ "/path/to/some/fish/init/dir/" ];
-}
-```

doc/builders/packages/fuse.section.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# FUSE {#sec-fuse}
-
-Some packages rely on
-[FUSE](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/fuse.html) to provide
-support for additional filesystems not supported by the kernel.
-
-In general, FUSE software are primarily developed for Linux but many of them can
-also run on macOS. Nixpkgs supports FUSE packages on macOS, but it requires
-[macFUSE](https://osxfuse.github.io) to be installed outside of Nix. macFUSE
-currently isn't packaged in Nixpkgs mainly because it includes a kernel
-extension, which isn't supported by Nix outside of NixOS.
-
-If a package fails to run on macOS with an error message similar to the
-following, it's a likely sign that you need to have macFUSE installed.
-
-    dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/lib/libfuse.2.dylib
-    Referenced from: /nix/store/w8bi72bssv0bnxhwfw3xr1mvn7myf37x-sshfs-fuse-2.10/bin/sshfs
-    Reason: image not found
-    [1]    92299 abort      /nix/store/w8bi72bssv0bnxhwfw3xr1mvn7myf37x-sshfs-fuse-2.10/bin/sshfs
-
-Package maintainers may often encounter the following error when building FUSE
-packages on macOS:
-
-    checking for fuse.h... no
-    configure: error: No fuse.h found.
-
-This happens on autoconf based projects that uses `AC_CHECK_HEADERS` or
-`AC_CHECK_LIBS` to detect libfuse, and will occur even when the `fuse` package
-is included in `buildInputs`. It happens because libfuse headers throw an error
-on macOS if the `FUSE_USE_VERSION` macro is undefined. Many proejcts do define
-`FUSE_USE_VERSION`, but only inside C source files. This results in the above
-error at configure time because the configure script would attempt to compile
-sample FUSE programs without defining `FUSE_USE_VERSION`.
-
-There are two possible solutions for this problem in Nixpkgs:
-
-1. Pass `FUSE_USE_VERSION` to the configure script by adding
-   `CFLAGS=-DFUSE_USE_VERSION=25` in `configureFlags`. The actual value would
-   have to match the definition used in the upstream source code.
-2. Remove `AC_CHECK_HEADERS` / `AC_CHECK_LIBS` for libfuse.
-
-However, a better solution might be to fix the build script upstream to use
-`PKG_CHECK_MODULES` instead. This approach wouldn't suffer from the problem that
-`AC_CHECK_HEADERS`/`AC_CHECK_LIBS` has at the price of introducing a dependency
-on pkg-config.

doc/builders/packages/ibus.section.md

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# ibus-engines.typing-booster {#sec-ibus-typing-booster}
-
-This package is an ibus-based completion method to speed up typing.
-
-## Activating the engine {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-activate}
-
-IBus needs to be configured accordingly to activate `typing-booster`. The configuration depends on the desktop manager in use. For detailed instructions, please refer to the [upstream docs](https://mike-fabian.github.io/ibus-typing-booster/documentation.html).
-
-On NixOS you need to explicitly enable `ibus` with given engines before customizing your desktop to use `typing-booster`. This can be achieved using the `ibus` module:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs, ... }: {
-  i18n.inputMethod = {
-    enabled = "ibus";
-    ibus.engines = with pkgs.ibus-engines; [ typing-booster ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-## Using custom hunspell dictionaries {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-customize-hunspell}
-
-The IBus engine is based on `hunspell` to support completion in many languages. By default the dictionaries `de-de`, `en-us`, `fr-moderne` `es-es`, `it-it`, `sv-se` and `sv-fi` are in use. To add another dictionary, the package can be overridden like this:
-
-```nix
-ibus-engines.typing-booster.override { langs = [ "de-at" "en-gb" ]; }
-```
-
-_Note: each language passed to `langs` must be an attribute name in `pkgs.hunspellDicts`._
-
-## Built-in emoji picker {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-emoji-picker}
-
-The `ibus-engines.typing-booster` package contains a program named `emoji-picker`. To display all emojis correctly, a special font such as `noto-fonts-emoji` is needed:
-
-On NixOS it can be installed using the following expression:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs, ... }: { fonts.fonts = with pkgs; [ noto-fonts-emoji ]; }
-```

doc/builders/packages/ibus.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-ibus-typing-booster">
+ <title>ibus-engines.typing-booster</title>
+
+ <para>
+  This package is an ibus-based completion method to speed up typing.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-ibus-typing-booster-activate">
+  <title>Activating the engine</title>
+
+  <para>
+   IBus needs to be configured accordingly to activate <literal>typing-booster</literal>. The configuration depends on the desktop manager in use. For detailed instructions, please refer to the <link xlink:href="https://mike-fabian.github.io/ibus-typing-booster/documentation.html">upstream docs</link>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   On NixOS you need to explicitly enable <literal>ibus</literal> with given engines before customizing your desktop to use <literal>typing-booster</literal>. This can be achieved using the <literal>ibus</literal> module:
+<programlisting>{ pkgs, ... }: {
+  i18n.inputMethod = {
+    enabled = "ibus";
+    ibus.engines = with pkgs.ibus-engines; [ typing-booster ];
+  };
+}</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-ibus-typing-booster-customize-hunspell">
+  <title>Using custom hunspell dictionaries</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The IBus engine is based on <literal>hunspell</literal> to support completion in many languages. By default the dictionaries <literal>de-de</literal>, <literal>en-us</literal>, <literal>fr-moderne</literal> <literal>es-es</literal>, <literal>it-it</literal>, <literal>sv-se</literal> and <literal>sv-fi</literal> are in use. To add another dictionary, the package can be overridden like this:
+<programlisting>ibus-engines.typing-booster.override {
+  langs = [ "de-at" "en-gb" ];
+}</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   <emphasis>Note: each language passed to <literal>langs</literal> must be an attribute name in <literal>pkgs.hunspellDicts</literal>.</emphasis>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-ibus-typing-booster-emoji-picker">
+  <title>Built-in emoji picker</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The <literal>ibus-engines.typing-booster</literal> package contains a program named <literal>emoji-picker</literal>. To display all emojis correctly, a special font such as <literal>noto-fonts-emoji</literal> is needed:
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   On NixOS it can be installed using the following expression:
+<programlisting>{ pkgs, ... }: {
+  fonts.fonts = with pkgs; [ noto-fonts-emoji ];
+}</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/index.xml

@@ -5,24 +5,21 @@
  <para>
   This chapter contains information about how to use and maintain the Nix expressions for a number of specific packages, such as the Linux kernel or X.org.
  </para>
- <xi:include href="citrix.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="dlib.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="eclipse.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="elm.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="emacs.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="firefox.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="fish.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="fuse.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="ibus.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="kakoune.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="linux.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="locales.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="nginx.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="opengl.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="shell-helpers.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="steam.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="citrix.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="dlib.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="eclipse.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="elm.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="emacs.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ibus.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="kakoune.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="linux.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="locales.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="nginx.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="opengl.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="shell-helpers.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="steam.xml" />
  <xi:include href="cataclysm-dda.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="urxvt.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="weechat.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="xorg.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="urxvt.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="weechat.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="xorg.xml" />
 </chapter>

doc/builders/packages/kakoune.section.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Kakoune {#sec-kakoune}
-
-Kakoune can be built to autoload plugins:
-
-```nix
-(kakoune.override {
-  plugins = with pkgs.kakounePlugins; [ parinfer-rust ];
-})
-```

doc/builders/packages/kakoune.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-kakoune">
+ <title>Kakoune</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Kakoune can be built to autoload plugins:
+<programlisting>(kakoune.override {
+  configure = {
+    plugins = with pkgs.kakounePlugins; [ parinfer-rust ];
+  };
+})</programlisting>
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/linux.section.md

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-# Linux kernel {#sec-linux-kernel}
-
-The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in [`pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel).
-
-The function that builds the kernel has an argument `kernelPatches` which should be a list of `{name, patch, extraConfig}` attribute sets, where `name` is the name of the patch (which is included in the kernel’s `meta.description` attribute), `patch` is the patch itself (possibly compressed), and `extraConfig` (optional) is a string specifying extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file (`.config`).
-
-The kernel derivation exports an attribute `features` specifying whether optional functionality is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the `iwlwifi` feature (i.e. has built-in support for Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the external `iwlwifi` package:
-
-```nix
-modulesTree = [kernel]
-  ++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
-  ++ ...;
-```
-
-How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
-
-1.  Copy the old Nix expression (e.g. `linux-2.6.21.nix`) to the new one (e.g. `linux-2.6.22.nix`) and update it.
-
-2.  Add the new kernel to `all-packages.nix` (e.g., create an attribute `kernel_2_6_22`).
-
-3.  Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform (`i686`, `x86_64`, `uml`) do the following:
-
-    1.  Make an copy from the old config (e.g. `config-2.6.21-i686-smp`) to the new one (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
-
-    2.  Copy the config file for this platform (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`) to `.config` in the kernel source tree.
-
-    3.  Run `make oldconfig ARCH={i386,x86_64,um}` and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also add `SHELL=bash`.) Make sure to keep the configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. don’t enable some feature on `i686` and disable it on `x86_64`).
-
-    4.  If needed you can also run `make menuconfig`:
-
-        ```ShellSession
-        $ nix-env -i ncurses
-        $ export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
-        $ make menuconfig ARCH=arch
-        ```
-
-    5.  Copy `.config` over the new config file (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
-
-4.  Test building the kernel: `nix-build -A kernel_2_6_22`. If it compiles, ship it! For extra credit, try booting NixOS with it.
-
-5.  It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the `linuxPackagesFor` function in `all-packages.nix` (such as the NVIDIA drivers, AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions around.

doc/builders/packages/linux.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-linux-kernel">
+ <title>Linux kernel</title>
+
+ <para>
+  The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in <link
+xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel"><filename>pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  The function that builds the kernel has an argument <varname>kernelPatches</varname> which should be a list of <literal>{name, patch, extraConfig}</literal> attribute sets, where <varname>name</varname> is the name of the patch (which is included in the kernel’s <varname>meta.description</varname> attribute), <varname>patch</varname> is the patch itself (possibly compressed), and <varname>extraConfig</varname> (optional) is a string specifying extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file (<filename>.config</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  The kernel derivation exports an attribute <varname>features</varname> specifying whether optional functionality is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the <varname>iwlwifi</varname> feature (i.e. has built-in support for Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the external <varname>iwlwifi</varname> package:
+<programlisting>
+modulesTree = [kernel]
+  ++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
+  ++ ...;
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
+  <orderedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Copy the old Nix expression (e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.21.nix</filename>) to the new one (e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.22.nix</filename>) and update it.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add the new kernel to <filename>all-packages.nix</filename> (e.g., create an attribute <varname>kernel_2_6_22</varname>).
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform (<literal>i686</literal>, <literal>x86_64</literal>, <literal>uml</literal>) do the following:
+     <orderedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Make an copy from the old config (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.21-i686-smp</filename>) to the new one (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Copy the config file for this platform (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>) to <filename>.config</filename> in the kernel source tree.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Run <literal>make oldconfig ARCH=<replaceable>{i386,x86_64,um}</replaceable></literal> and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also add <literal>SHELL=bash</literal>.) Make sure to keep the configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. don’t enable some feature on <literal>i686</literal> and disable it on <literal>x86_64</literal>).
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        If needed you can also run <literal>make menuconfig</literal>:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-env -i ncurses
+<prompt>$ </prompt>export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
+<prompt>$ </prompt>make menuconfig ARCH=<replaceable>arch</replaceable></screen>
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Copy <filename>.config</filename> over the new config file (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </orderedlist>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Test building the kernel: <literal>nix-build -A kernel_2_6_22</literal>. If it compiles, ship it! For extra credit, try booting NixOS with it.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the <varname>linuxPackagesFor</varname> function in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename> (such as the NVIDIA drivers, AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions around.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/locales.section.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Locales {#locales}
-
-To allow simultaneous use of packages linked against different versions of `glibc` with different locale archive formats Nixpkgs patches `glibc` to rely on `LOCALE_ARCHIVE` environment variable.
-
-On non-NixOS distributions this variable is obviously not set. This can cause regressions in language support or even crashes in some Nixpkgs-provided programs. The simplest way to mitigate this problem is exporting the `LOCALE_ARCHIVE` variable pointing to `${glibcLocales}/lib/locale/locale-archive`. The drawback (and the reason this is not the default) is the relatively large (a hundred MiB) size of the full set of locales. It is possible to build a custom set of locales by overriding parameters `allLocales` and `locales` of the package.

doc/builders/packages/locales.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="locales">
+ <title>Locales</title>
+
+ <para>
+  To allow simultaneous use of packages linked against different versions of <literal>glibc</literal> with different locale archive formats Nixpkgs patches <literal>glibc</literal> to rely on <literal>LOCALE_ARCHIVE</literal> environment variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  On non-NixOS distributions this variable is obviously not set. This can cause regressions in language support or even crashes in some Nixpkgs-provided programs. The simplest way to mitigate this problem is exporting the <literal>LOCALE_ARCHIVE</literal> variable pointing to <literal>${glibcLocales}/lib/locale/locale-archive</literal>. The drawback (and the reason this is not the default) is the relatively large (a hundred MiB) size of the full set of locales. It is possible to build a custom set of locales by overriding parameters <literal>allLocales</literal> and <literal>locales</literal> of the package.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/nginx.section.md

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Nginx {#sec-nginx}
-
-[Nginx](https://nginx.org) is a reverse proxy and lightweight webserver.
-
-## ETags on static files served from the Nix store {#sec-nginx-etag}
-
-HTTP has a couple different mechanisms for caching to prevent clients from having to download the same content repeatedly if a resource has not changed since the last time it was requested. When nginx is used as a server for static files, it implements the caching mechanism based on the [`Last-Modified`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Last-Modified) response header automatically; unfortunately, it works by using filesystem timestamps to determine the value of the `Last-Modified` header. This doesn't give the desired behavior when the file is in the Nix store, because all file timestamps are set to 0 (for reasons related to build reproducibility).
-
-Fortunately, HTTP supports an alternative (and more effective) caching mechanism: the [`ETag`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag) response header. The value of the `ETag` header specifies some identifier for the particular content that the server is sending (e.g. a hash). When a client makes a second request for the same resource, it sends that value back in an `If-None-Match` header. If the ETag value is unchanged, then the server does not need to resend the content.
-
-As of NixOS 19.09, the nginx package in Nixpkgs is patched such that when nginx serves a file out of `/nix/store`, the hash in the store path is used as the `ETag` header in the HTTP response, thus providing proper caching functionality. This happens automatically; you do not need to do modify any configuration to get this behavior.

doc/builders/packages/nginx.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-nginx">
+ <title>Nginx</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <link xlink:href="https://nginx.org/">Nginx</link> is a reverse proxy and lightweight webserver.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-nginx-etag">
+  <title>ETags on static files served from the Nix store</title>
+
+  <para>
+   HTTP has a couple different mechanisms for caching to prevent clients from having to download the same content repeatedly if a resource has not changed since the last time it was requested. When nginx is used as a server for static files, it implements the caching mechanism based on the <link xlink:href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Last-Modified"><literal>Last-Modified</literal></link> response header automatically; unfortunately, it works by using filesystem timestamps to determine the value of the <literal>Last-Modified</literal> header. This doesn't give the desired behavior when the file is in the Nix store, because all file timestamps are set to 0 (for reasons related to build reproducibility).
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Fortunately, HTTP supports an alternative (and more effective) caching mechanism: the <link xlink:href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag"><literal>ETag</literal></link> response header. The value of the <literal>ETag</literal> header specifies some identifier for the particular content that the server is sending (e.g. a hash). When a client makes a second request for the same resource, it sends that value back in an <literal>If-None-Match</literal> header. If the ETag value is unchanged, then the server does not need to resend the content.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   As of NixOS 19.09, the nginx package in Nixpkgs is patched such that when nginx serves a file out of <filename>/nix/store</filename>, the hash in the store path is used as the <literal>ETag</literal> header in the HTTP response, thus providing proper caching functionality. This happens automatically; you do not need to do modify any configuration to get this behavior.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/opengl.section.md

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# OpenGL {#sec-opengl}
-
-OpenGL support varies depending on which hardware is used and which drivers are available and loaded.
-
-Broadly, we support both GL vendors: Mesa and NVIDIA.
-
-## NixOS Desktop
-
-The NixOS desktop or other non-headless configurations are the primary target for OpenGL libraries and applications. The current solution for discovering which drivers are available is based on [libglvnd](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/glvnd/libglvnd). `libglvnd` performs "vendor-neutral dispatch", trying a variety of techniques to find the system's GL implementation. In practice, this will be either via standard GLX for X11 users or EGL for Wayland users, and supporting either NVIDIA or Mesa extensions.
-
-## Nix on GNU/Linux
-
-If you are using a non-NixOS GNU/Linux/X11 desktop with free software video drivers, consider launching OpenGL-dependent programs from Nixpkgs with Nixpkgs versions of `libglvnd` and `mesa.drivers` in `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`. For Mesa drivers, the Linux kernel version doesn't have to match nixpkgs.
-
-For proprietary video drivers you might have luck with also adding the corresponding video driver package.

doc/builders/packages/opengl.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-opengl">
+ <title>OpenGL</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Packages that use OpenGL have NixOS desktop as their primary target. The current solution for loading the GPU-specific drivers is based on <literal>libglvnd</literal> and looks for the driver implementation in <literal>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</literal>. If you are using a non-NixOS GNU/Linux/X11 desktop with free software video drivers, consider launching OpenGL-dependent programs from Nixpkgs with Nixpkgs versions of <literal>libglvnd</literal> and <literal>mesa_drivers</literal> in <literal>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</literal>. For proprietary video drivers you might have luck with also adding the corresponding video driver package.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/shell-helpers.section.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Interactive shell helpers {#sec-shell-helpers}
-
-Some packages provide the shell integration to be more useful. But unlike other systems, nix doesn't have a standard `share` directory location. This is why a bunch `PACKAGE-share` scripts are shipped that print the location of the corresponding shared folder. Current list of such packages is as following:
-
-- `fzf` : `fzf-share`
-
-E.g. `fzf` can then used in the `.bashrc` like this:
-
-```bash
-source "$(fzf-share)/completion.bash"
-source "$(fzf-share)/key-bindings.bash"
-```

doc/builders/packages/shell-helpers.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-shell-helpers">
+ <title>Interactive shell helpers</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Some packages provide the shell integration to be more useful. But unlike other systems, nix doesn't have a standard share directory location. This is why a bunch <command>PACKAGE-share</command> scripts are shipped that print the location of the corresponding shared folder. Current list of such packages is as following:
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>autojump</literal>: <command>autojump-share</command>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>fzf</literal>: <command>fzf-share</command>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+  E.g. <literal>autojump</literal> can then used in the .bashrc like this:
+<screen>
+  source "$(autojump-share)/autojump.bash"
+</screen>
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/steam.section.md

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# Steam {#sec-steam}
-
-## Steam in Nix {#sec-steam-nix}
-
-Steam is distributed as a `.deb` file, for now only as an i686 package (the amd64 package only has documentation). When unpacked, it has a script called `steam` that in Ubuntu (their target distro) would go to `/usr/bin`. When run for the first time, this script copies some files to the user's home, which include another script that is the ultimate responsible for launching the steam binary, which is also in \$HOME.
-
-Nix problems and constraints:
-
-- We don't have `/bin/bash` and many scripts point there. Similarly for `/usr/bin/python`.
-- We don't have the dynamic loader in `/lib`.
-- The `steam.sh` script in \$HOME can not be patched, as it is checked and rewritten by steam.
-- The steam binary cannot be patched, it's also checked.
-
-The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible chroot environment, as documented [here](http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.nl/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html). This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system, and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
-
-## How to play {#sec-steam-play}
-
-Use `programs.steam.enable = true;` if you want to add steam to systemPackages and also enable a few workarrounds aswell as Steam controller support or other Steam supported controllers such as the DualShock 4 or Nintendo Switch Pr.
-
-## Troubleshooting {#sec-steam-troub}
-
-- **Steam fails to start. What do I do?**
-  Try to run
-
-  ```ShellSession
-  strace steam
-  ```
-
-  to see what is causing steam to fail.
-
-- **Using the FOSS Radeon or nouveau (nvidia) drivers**
-
-  - The `newStdcpp` parameter was removed since NixOS 17.09 and should not be needed anymore.
-  - Steam ships statically linked with a version of libcrypto that conflics with the one dynamically loaded by radeonsi_dri.so. If you get the error
-    ```
-    steam.sh: line 713: 7842 Segmentation fault (core dumped)
-    ```
-    have a look at [this pull request](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/20269).
-
-- **Java**
-
-  1. There is no java in steam chrootenv by default. If you get a message like
-
-  ```
-  /home/foo/.local/share/Steam/SteamApps/common/towns/towns.sh: line 1: java: command not found
-  ```
-
-  You need to add
-
-  ```nix
-  steam.override { withJava = true; };
-  ```
-
-## steam-run {#sec-steam-run}
-
-The FHS-compatible chroot used for steam can also be used to run other linux games that expect a FHS environment. To do it, add
-
-```nix
-pkgs.steam.override ({
-          nativeOnly = true;
-          newStdcpp = true;
-        }).run
-```
-
-to your configuration, rebuild, and run the game with
-
-```
-steam-run ./foo
-```

doc/builders/packages/steam.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-steam">
+ <title>Steam</title>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-steam-nix">
+  <title>Steam in Nix</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Steam is distributed as a <filename>.deb</filename> file, for now only as an i686 package (the amd64 package only has documentation). When unpacked, it has a script called <filename>steam</filename> that in Ubuntu (their target distro) would go to <filename>/usr/bin </filename>. When run for the first time, this script copies some files to the user's home, which include another script that is the ultimate responsible for launching the steam binary, which is also in $HOME.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Nix problems and constraints:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      We don't have <filename>/bin/bash</filename> and many scripts point there. Similarly for <filename>/usr/bin/python</filename> .
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      We don't have the dynamic loader in <filename>/lib </filename>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <filename>steam.sh</filename> script in $HOME can not be patched, as it is checked and rewritten by steam.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The steam binary cannot be patched, it's also checked.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible chroot environment, as documented <link xlink:href="http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.nl/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html">here</link>. This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system, and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-steam-play">
+  <title>How to play</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Use <programlisting>programs.steam.enable = true;</programlisting> if you want to add steam to systemPackages and also enable a few workarrounds aswell as Steam controller support or other Steam supported controllers such as the DualShock 4 or Nintendo Switch Pr.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-steam-troub">
+  <title>Troubleshooting</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Steam fails to start. What do I do?
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Try to run
+<programlisting>strace steam</programlisting>
+       to see what is causing steam to fail.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Using the FOSS Radeon or nouveau (nvidia) drivers
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <itemizedlist>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         The <literal>newStdcpp</literal> parameter was removed since NixOS 17.09 and should not be needed anymore.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Steam ships statically linked with a version of libcrypto that conflics with the one dynamically loaded by radeonsi_dri.so. If you get the error
+<programlisting>steam.sh: line 713: 7842 Segmentation fault (core dumped)</programlisting>
+         have a look at <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/20269">this pull request</link>.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Java
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <orderedlist>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         There is no java in steam chrootenv by default. If you get a message like
+<programlisting>/home/foo/.local/share/Steam/SteamApps/common/towns/towns.sh: line 1: java: command not found</programlisting>
+         You need to add
+<programlisting> steam.override { withJava = true; };</programlisting>
+         to your configuration.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+      </orderedlist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-steam-run">
+  <title>steam-run</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The FHS-compatible chroot used for steam can also be used to run other linux games that expect a FHS environment. To do it, add
+<programlisting>pkgs.(steam.override {
+          nativeOnly = true;
+          newStdcpp = true;
+        }).run</programlisting>
+   to your configuration, rebuild, and run the game with
+<programlisting>steam-run ./foo</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/urxvt.section.md

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# Urxvt {#sec-urxvt}
-
-Urxvt, also known as rxvt-unicode, is a highly customizable terminal emulator.
-
-## Configuring urxvt {#sec-urxvt-conf}
-
-In `nixpkgs`, urxvt is provided by the package `rxvt-unicode`. It can be configured to include your choice of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, use an overlay or directly install an expression that overrides its configuration, such as
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    plugins = with availablePlugins; [ perls resize-font vtwheel ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-If the `configure` function returns an attrset without the `plugins` attribute, `availablePlugins` will be used automatically.
-
-In order to add plugins but also keep all default plugins installed, it is possible to use the following method:
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    plugins = (builtins.attrValues availablePlugins) ++ [ custom-plugin ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-To get a list of all the plugins available, open the Nix REPL and run
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix repl
-:l <nixpkgs>
-map (p: p.name) pkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins
-```
-
-Alternatively, if your shell is bash or zsh and have completion enabled, simply type `nixpkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins.<tab>`.
-
-In addition to `plugins` the options `extraDeps` and `perlDeps` can be used to install extra packages. `extraDeps` can be used, for example, to provide `xsel` (a clipboard manager) to the clipboard plugin, without installing it globally:
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    pluginsDeps = [ xsel ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-`perlDeps` is a handy way to provide Perl packages to your custom plugins (in `$HOME/.urxvt/ext`). For example, if you need `AnyEvent` you can do:
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    perlDeps = with perlPackages; [ AnyEvent ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-## Packaging urxvt plugins {#sec-urxvt-pkg}
-
-Urxvt plugins resides in `pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins`. To add a new plugin create an expression in a subdirectory and add the package to the set in `pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins/default.nix`.
-
-A plugin can be any kind of derivation, the only requirement is that it should always install perl scripts in `$out/lib/urxvt/perl`. Look for existing plugins for examples.
-
-If the plugin is itself a perl package that needs to be imported from other plugins or scripts, add the following passthrough:
-
-```nix
-passthru.perlPackages = [ "self" ];
-```
-
-This will make the urxvt wrapper pick up the dependency and set up the perl path accordingly.

doc/builders/packages/urxvt.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-urxvt">
+ <title>Urxvt</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Urxvt, also known as rxvt-unicode, is a highly customizable terminal emulator.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-urxvt-conf">
+
+  <title>Configuring urxvt</title>
+
+  <para>
+   In <literal>nixpkgs</literal>, urxvt is provided by the package
+   <literal>rxvt-unicode</literal>. It can be configured to include your choice
+   of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which
+   includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, use an
+   overlay or directly install an expression that overrides its configuration,
+   such as
+<programlisting>
+rxvt-unicode.override {
+  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
+    plugins = with availablePlugins; [ perls resize-font vtwheel ];
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+   If the <literal>configure</literal> function returns an attrset without the
+   <literal>plugins</literal> attribute, <literal>availablePlugins</literal>
+   will be used automatically.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In order to add plugins but also keep all default plugins installed, it is
+   possible to use the following method:
+<programlisting>
+rxvt-unicode.override {
+  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
+    plugins = (builtins.attrValues availablePlugins) ++ [ custom-plugin ];
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To get a list of all the plugins available, open the Nix REPL and run
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix repl
+:l &lt;nixpkgs&gt;
+map (p: p.name) pkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins
+</screen>
+   Alternatively, if your shell is bash or zsh and have completion enabled,
+   simply type <literal>nixpkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins.&lt;tab&gt;</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+    In addition to <literal>plugins</literal> the options
+    <literal>extraDeps</literal> and <literal>perlDeps</literal> can be used
+    to install extra packages.
+    <literal>extraDeps</literal> can be used, for example, to provide
+    <literal>xsel</literal> (a clipboard manager) to the clipboard plugin,
+    without installing it globally:
+<programlisting>
+rxvt-unicode.override {
+  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
+    pluginsDeps = [ xsel ];
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+
+    <literal>perlDeps</literal> is a handy way to provide Perl packages to
+    your custom plugins (in <literal>$HOME/.urxvt/ext</literal>). For example,
+    if you need <literal>AnyEvent</literal> you can do:
+<programlisting>
+rxvt-unicode.override {
+  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
+    perlDeps = with perlPackages; [ AnyEvent ];
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-urxvt-pkg">
+
+  <title>Packaging urxvt plugins</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Urxvt plugins resides in
+   <literal>pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins</literal>.
+   To add a new plugin create an expression in a subdirectory and add the
+   package to the set in
+   <literal>pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins/default.nix</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   A plugin can be any kind of derivation, the only requirement is that it
+   should always install perl scripts in <literal>$out/lib/urxvt/perl</literal>.
+   Look for existing plugins for examples.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If the plugin is itself a perl package that needs to be imported from
+   other plugins or scripts, add the following passthrough:
+<programlisting>
+passthru.perlPackages = [ "self" ];
+</programlisting>
+   This will make the urxvt wrapper pick up the dependency and set up the perl
+   path accordingly.
+  </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/weechat.section.md

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# Weechat {#sec-weechat}
-
-Weechat can be configured to include your choice of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, install an expression that overrides its configuration such as
-
-```nix
-weechat.override {configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
-    plugins = with availablePlugins; [ python perl ];
-  }
-}
-```
-
-If the `configure` function returns an attrset without the `plugins` attribute, `availablePlugins` will be used automatically.
-
-The plugins currently available are `python`, `perl`, `ruby`, `guile`, `tcl` and `lua`.
-
-The python and perl plugins allows the addition of extra libraries. For instance, the `inotify.py` script in `weechat-scripts` requires D-Bus or libnotify, and the `fish.py` script requires `pycrypto`. To use these scripts, use the plugin's `withPackages` attribute:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override { configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
-    plugins = with availablePlugins; [
-            (python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]))
-        ];
-    };
-}
-```
-
-In order to also keep all default plugins installed, it is possible to use the following method:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override { configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-  plugins = builtins.attrValues (availablePlugins // {
-    python = availablePlugins.python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]);
-  });
-}; }
-```
-
-WeeChat allows to set defaults on startup using the `--run-command`. The `configure` method can be used to pass commands to the program:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    init = ''
-      /set foo bar
-      /server add freenode chat.freenode.org
-    '';
-  };
-}
-```
-
-Further values can be added to the list of commands when running `weechat --run-command "your-commands"`.
-
-Additionally it's possible to specify scripts to be loaded when starting `weechat`. These will be loaded before the commands from `init`:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    scripts = with pkgs.weechatScripts; [
-      weechat-xmpp weechat-matrix-bridge wee-slack
-    ];
-    init = ''
-      /set plugins.var.python.jabber.key "val"
-    '':
-  };
-}
-```
-
-In `nixpkgs` there's a subpackage which contains derivations for WeeChat scripts. Such derivations expect a `passthru.scripts` attribute which contains a list of all scripts inside the store path. Furthermore all scripts have to live in `$out/share`. An exemplary derivation looks like this:
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "exemplary-weechat-script";
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://scripts.tld/your-scripts.tar.gz";
-    sha256 = "...";
-  };
-  passthru.scripts = [ "foo.py" "bar.lua" ];
-  installPhase = ''
-    mkdir $out/share
-    cp foo.py $out/share
-    cp bar.lua $out/share
-  '';
-}
-```

doc/builders/packages/weechat.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-weechat">
+ <title>Weechat</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Weechat can be configured to include your choice of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, install an expression that overrides its configuration such as
+<programlisting>weechat.override {configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
+    plugins = with availablePlugins; [ python perl ];
+  }
+}</programlisting>
+  If the <literal>configure</literal> function returns an attrset without the <literal>plugins</literal> attribute, <literal>availablePlugins</literal> will be used automatically.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  The plugins currently available are <literal>python</literal>, <literal>perl</literal>, <literal>ruby</literal>, <literal>guile</literal>, <literal>tcl</literal> and <literal>lua</literal>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  The python and perl plugins allows the addition of extra libraries. For instance, the <literal>inotify.py</literal> script in weechat-scripts requires D-Bus or libnotify, and the <literal>fish.py</literal> script requires pycrypto. To use these scripts, use the plugin's <literal>withPackages</literal> attribute:
+<programlisting>weechat.override { configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
+    plugins = with availablePlugins; [
+            (python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]))
+        ];
+    };
+}
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  In order to also keep all default plugins installed, it is possible to use the following method:
+<programlisting>weechat.override { configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
+  plugins = builtins.attrValues (availablePlugins // {
+    python = availablePlugins.python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]);
+  });
+}; }
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  WeeChat allows to set defaults on startup using the <literal>--run-command</literal>. The <literal>configure</literal> method can be used to pass commands to the program:
+<programlisting>weechat.override {
+  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
+    init = ''
+      /set foo bar
+      /server add freenode chat.freenode.org
+    '';
+  };
+}</programlisting>
+  Further values can be added to the list of commands when running <literal>weechat --run-command "your-commands"</literal>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Additionally it's possible to specify scripts to be loaded when starting <literal>weechat</literal>. These will be loaded before the commands from <literal>init</literal>:
+<programlisting>weechat.override {
+  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
+    scripts = with pkgs.weechatScripts; [
+      weechat-xmpp weechat-matrix-bridge wee-slack
+    ];
+    init = ''
+      /set plugins.var.python.jabber.key "val"
+    '':
+  };
+}</programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  In <literal>nixpkgs</literal> there's a subpackage which contains derivations for WeeChat scripts. Such derivations expect a <literal>passthru.scripts</literal> attribute which contains a list of all scripts inside the store path. Furthermore all scripts have to live in <literal>$out/share</literal>. An exemplary derivation looks like this:
+<programlisting>{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  name = "exemplary-weechat-script";
+  src = fetchurl {
+    url = "https://scripts.tld/your-scripts.tar.gz";
+    sha256 = "...";
+  };
+  passthru.scripts = [ "foo.py" "bar.lua" ];
+  installPhase = ''
+    mkdir $out/share
+    cp foo.py $out/share
+    cp bar.lua $out/share
+  '';
+}</programlisting>
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/xorg.section.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# X.org {#sec-xorg}
-
-The Nix expressions for the X.org packages reside in `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/default.nix`. This file is automatically generated from lists of tarballs in an X.org release. As such it should not be modified directly; rather, you should modify the lists, the generator script or the file `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix`, in which you can override or add to the derivations produced by the generator.
-
-## Katamari Tarballs
-
-X.org upstream releases used to include [katamari](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A) releases, which included a holistic recommended version for each tarball, up until 7.7. To create a list of tarballs in a katamari release:
-
-```ShellSession
-export release="X11R7.7"
-export url="mirror://xorg/$release/src/everything/"
-cat $(PRINT_PATH=1 nix-prefetch-url $url | tail -n 1) \
-  | perl -e 'while (<>) { if (/(href|HREF)="([^"]*.bz2)"/) { print "$ENV{'url'}$2\n"; }; }' \
-  | sort > "tarballs-$release.list"
-```
-
-## Individual Tarballs
-
-The upstream release process for [X11R7.8](https://x.org/wiki/Releases/7.8/) does not include a planned katamari. Instead, each component of X.org is released as its own tarball. We maintain `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/tarballs.list` as a list of tarballs for each individual package. This list includes X.org core libraries and protocol descriptions, extra newer X11 interface libraries, like `xorg.libxcb`, and classic utilities which are largely unused but still available if needed, like `xorg.imake`.
-
-## Generating Nix Expressions
-
-The generator is invoked as follows:
-
-```ShellSession
-cd pkgs/servers/x11/xorg
-<tarballs.list perl ./generate-expr-from-tarballs.pl
-```
-
-For each of the tarballs in the `.list` files, the script downloads it, unpacks it, and searches its `configure.ac` and `*.pc.in` files for dependencies. This information is used to generate `default.nix`. The generator caches downloaded tarballs between runs. Pay close attention to the `NOT FOUND: $NAME` messages at the end of the run, since they may indicate missing dependencies. (Some might be optional dependencies, however.)
-
-## Overriding the Generator
-
-If the expression for a package requires derivation attributes that the generator cannot figure out automatically (say, `patches` or a `postInstall` hook), you should modify `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix`.

doc/builders/packages/xorg.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-xorg">
+ <title>X.org</title>
+
+ <para>
+  The Nix expressions for the X.org packages reside in <filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/default.nix</filename>. This file is automatically generated from lists of tarballs in an X.org release. As such it should not be modified directly; rather, you should modify the lists, the generator script or the file <filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix</filename>, in which you can override or add to the derivations produced by the generator.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  The generator is invoked as follows:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd pkgs/servers/x11/xorg
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cat tarballs-7.5.list extra.list old.list \
+  | perl ./generate-expr-from-tarballs.pl
+</screen>
+  For each of the tarballs in the <filename>.list</filename> files, the script downloads it, unpacks it, and searches its <filename>configure.ac</filename> and <filename>*.pc.in</filename> files for dependencies. This information is used to generate <filename>default.nix</filename>. The generator caches downloaded tarballs between runs. Pay close attention to the <literal>NOT FOUND: <replaceable>name</replaceable></literal> messages at the end of the run, since they may indicate missing dependencies. (Some might be optional dependencies, however.)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  A file like <filename>tarballs-7.5.list</filename> contains all tarballs in a X.org release. It can be generated like this:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>export i="mirror://xorg/X11R7.4/src/everything/"
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cat $(PRINT_PATH=1 nix-prefetch-url $i | tail -n 1) \
+  | perl -e 'while (&lt;>) { if (/(href|HREF)="([^"]*.bz2)"/) { print "$ENV{'i'}$2\n"; }; }' \
+  | sort > tarballs-7.4.list
+</screen>
+  <filename>extra.list</filename> contains libraries that aren’t part of X.org proper, but are closely related to it, such as <literal>libxcb</literal>. <filename>old.list</filename> contains some packages that were removed from X.org, but are still needed by some people or by other packages (such as <varname>imake</varname>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  If the expression for a package requires derivation attributes that the generator cannot figure out automatically (say, <varname>patches</varname> or a <varname>postInstall</varname> hook), you should modify <filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/special.xml

@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@
  <para>
   This chapter describes several special builders.
  </para>
- <xi:include href="special/fhs-environments.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="special/mkshell.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="special/fhs-environments.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="special/mkshell.xml" />
 </chapter>

doc/builders/special/fhs-environments.section.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# buildFHSUserEnv {#sec-fhs-environments}
-
-`buildFHSUserEnv` provides a way to build and run FHS-compatible lightweight sandboxes. It creates an isolated root with bound `/nix/store`, so its footprint in terms of disk space needed is quite small. This allows one to run software which is hard or unfeasible to patch for NixOS -- 3rd-party source trees with FHS assumptions, games distributed as tarballs, software with integrity checking and/or external self-updated binaries. It uses Linux namespaces feature to create temporary lightweight environments which are destroyed after all child processes exit, without root user rights requirement. Accepted arguments are:
-
-- `name`
-        Environment name.
-- `targetPkgs`
-        Packages to be installed for the main host's architecture (i.e. x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Along with libraries binaries are also installed.
-- `multiPkgs`
-        Packages to be installed for all architectures supported by a host (i.e. i686 and x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Only libraries are installed by default.
-- `extraBuildCommands`
-        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the directory structure.
-- `extraBuildCommandsMulti`
-        Like `extraBuildCommands`, but executed only on multilib architectures.
-- `extraOutputsToInstall`
-        Additional derivation outputs to be linked for both target and multi-architecture packages.
-- `extraInstallCommands`
-        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the derivation with runner script.
-- `runScript`
-        A command that would be executed inside the sandbox and passed all the command line arguments. It defaults to `bash`.
-
-One can create a simple environment using a `shell.nix` like that:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-
-(pkgs.buildFHSUserEnv {
-  name = "simple-x11-env";
-  targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
-    [ udev
-      alsaLib
-    ]) ++ (with pkgs.xorg;
-    [ libX11
-      libXcursor
-      libXrandr
-    ]);
-  multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
-    [ udev
-      alsaLib
-    ]);
-  runScript = "bash";
-}).env
-```
-
-Running `nix-shell` would then drop you into a shell with these libraries and binaries available. You can use this to run closed-source applications which expect FHS structure without hassles: simply change `runScript` to the application path, e.g. `./bin/start.sh` -- relative paths are supported.

doc/builders/special/fhs-environments.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-fhs-environments">
+ <title>buildFHSUserEnv</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <function>buildFHSUserEnv</function> provides a way to build and run FHS-compatible lightweight sandboxes. It creates an isolated root with bound <filename>/nix/store</filename>, so its footprint in terms of disk space needed is quite small. This allows one to run software which is hard or unfeasible to patch for NixOS -- 3rd-party source trees with FHS assumptions, games distributed as tarballs, software with integrity checking and/or external self-updated binaries. It uses Linux namespaces feature to create temporary lightweight environments which are destroyed after all child processes exit, without root user rights requirement. Accepted arguments are:
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>name</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Environment name.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>targetPkgs</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Packages to be installed for the main host's architecture (i.e. x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Along with libraries binaries are also installed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>multiPkgs</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Packages to be installed for all architectures supported by a host (i.e. i686 and x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Only libraries are installed by default.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraBuildCommands</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the directory structure.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraBuildCommandsMulti</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Like <literal>extraBuildCommands</literal>, but executed only on multilib architectures.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraOutputsToInstall</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Additional derivation outputs to be linked for both target and multi-architecture packages.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraInstallCommands</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the derivation with runner script.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>runScript</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     A command that would be executed inside the sandbox and passed all the command line arguments. It defaults to <literal>bash</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>
+  One can create a simple environment using a <literal>shell.nix</literal> like that:
+ </para>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+
+(pkgs.buildFHSUserEnv {
+  name = "simple-x11-env";
+  targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
+    [ udev
+      alsaLib
+    ]) ++ (with pkgs.xorg;
+    [ libX11
+      libXcursor
+      libXrandr
+    ]);
+  multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
+    [ udev
+      alsaLib
+    ]);
+  runScript = "bash";
+}).env
+]]></programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+  Running <literal>nix-shell</literal> would then drop you into a shell with these libraries and binaries available. You can use this to run closed-source applications which expect FHS structure without hassles: simply change <literal>runScript</literal> to the application path, e.g. <filename>./bin/start.sh</filename> -- relative paths are supported.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/special/mkshell.section.md

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.mkShell {#sec-pkgs-mkShell}
-
-`pkgs.mkShell` is a special kind of derivation that is only useful when using
-it combined with `nix-shell`. It will in fact fail to instantiate when invoked
-with `nix-build`.
-
-## Usage {#sec-pkgs-mkShell-usage}
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-pkgs.mkShell {
-  # specify which packages to add to the shell environment
-  packages = [ pkgs.gnumake ];
-  # add all the dependencies, of the given packages, to the shell environment
-  inputsFrom = with pkgs; [ hello gnutar ];
-}
-```

doc/builders/special/mkshell.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-mkShell">
+ <title>pkgs.mkShell</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <function>pkgs.mkShell</function> is a special kind of derivation that is only useful when using it combined with <command>nix-shell</command>. It will in fact fail to instantiate when invoked with <command>nix-build</command>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-pkgs-mkShell-usage">
+  <title>Usage</title>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+pkgs.mkShell {
+  # this will make all the build inputs from hello and gnutar
+  # available to the shell environment
+  inputsFrom = with pkgs; [ hello gnutar ];
+  buildInputs = [ pkgs.gnumake ];
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/builders/trivial-builders.chapter.md

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-# Trivial builders {#chap-trivial-builders}
-
-Nixpkgs provides a couple of functions that help with building derivations. The most important one, `stdenv.mkDerivation`, has already been documented above. The following functions wrap `stdenv.mkDerivation`, making it easier to use in certain cases.
-
-## `runCommand` {#trivial-builder-runCommand}
-
-This takes three arguments, `name`, `env`, and `buildCommand`. `name` is just the name that Nix will append to the store path in the same way that `stdenv.mkDerivation` uses its `name` attribute. `env` is an attribute set specifying environment variables that will be set for this derivation. These attributes are then passed to the wrapped `stdenv.mkDerivation`. `buildCommand` specifies the commands that will be run to create this derivation. Note that you will need to create `$out` for Nix to register the command as successful.
-
-An example of using `runCommand` is provided below.
-
-```nix
-(import <nixpkgs> {}).runCommand "my-example" {} ''
-  echo My example command is running
-
-  mkdir $out
-
-  echo I can write data to the Nix store > $out/message
-
-  echo I can also run basic commands like:
-
-  echo ls
-  ls
-
-  echo whoami
-  whoami
-
-  echo date
-  date
-''
-```
-
-## `runCommandCC` {#trivial-builder-runCommandCC}
-
-This works just like `runCommand`. The only difference is that it also provides a C compiler in `buildCommand`'s environment. To minimize your dependencies, you should only use this if you are sure you will need a C compiler as part of running your command.
-
-## `runCommandLocal` {#trivial-builder-runCommandLocal}
-
-Variant of `runCommand` that forces the derivation to be built locally, it is not substituted. This is intended for very cheap commands (<1s execution time). It saves on the network roundrip and can speed up a build.
-
-::: note
-This sets [`allowSubstitutes` to `false`](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes), so only use `runCommandLocal` if you are certain the user will always have a builder for the `system` of the derivation. This should be true for most trivial use cases (e.g. just copying some files to a different location or adding symlinks), because there the `system` is usually the same as `builtins.currentSystem`.
-:::
-
-## `writeTextFile`, `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, `writeScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeText}
-
-These functions write `text` to the Nix store. This is useful for creating scripts from Nix expressions. `writeTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `text`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `text` will be the contents of the file. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
-
-Many more commands wrap `writeTextFile` including `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, and `writeScriptBin`. These are convenience functions over `writeTextFile`.
-
-## `symlinkJoin` {#trivial-builder-symlinkJoin}
-
-This can be used to put many derivations into the same directory structure. It works by creating a new derivation and adding symlinks to each of the paths listed. It expects two arguments, `name`, and `paths`. `name` is the name used in the Nix store path for the created derivation. `paths` is a list of paths that will be symlinked. These paths can be to Nix store derivations or any other subdirectory contained within.
-
-## `writeReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeReferencesToFile}
-
-Writes the closure of transitive dependencies to a file.
-
-This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --requisites`.
-
-For example,
-
-```nix
-writeReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
-```
-
-produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-deps` containing
-
-```nix
-/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
-/nix/store/<hash>-hi
-/nix/store/<hash>-libidn2-2.3.0
-/nix/store/<hash>-libunistring-0.9.10
-/nix/store/<hash>-glibc-2.32-40
-```
-
-You can see that this includes `hi`, the original input path,
-`hello`, which is a direct reference, but also
-the other paths that are indirectly required to run `hello`.
-
-## `writeDirectReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeDirectReferencesToFile}
-
-Writes the set of references to the output file, that is, their immediate dependencies.
-
-This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --references`.
-
-For example,
-
-```nix
-writeDirectReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
-```
-
-produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-references` containing
-
-```nix
-/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
-```
-
-but none of `hello`'s dependencies, because those are not referenced directly
-by `hi`'s output.

doc/builders/trivial-builders.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="chap-trivial-builders">
+ <title>Trivial builders</title>
+ <para>
+  Nixpkgs provides a couple of functions that help with building derivations. The most important one, <function>stdenv.mkDerivation</function>, has already been documented above. The following functions wrap <function>stdenv.mkDerivation</function>, making it easier to use in certain cases.
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+  <varlistentry xml:id="trivial-builder-runCommand">
+   <term>
+    <literal>runCommand</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This takes three arguments, <literal>name</literal>, <literal>env</literal>, and <literal>buildCommand</literal>. <literal>name</literal> is just the name that Nix will append to the store path in the same way that <literal>stdenv.mkDerivation</literal> uses its <literal>name</literal> attribute. <literal>env</literal> is an attribute set specifying environment variables that will be set for this derivation. These attributes are then passed to the wrapped <literal>stdenv.mkDerivation</literal>. <literal>buildCommand</literal> specifies the commands that will be run to create this derivation. Note that you will need to create <literal>$out</literal> for Nix to register the command as successful.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     An example of using <literal>runCommand</literal> is provided below.
+    </para>
+<programlisting>
+(import &lt;nixpkgs&gt; {}).runCommand "my-example" {} ''
+  echo My example command is running
+
+  mkdir $out
+
+  echo I can write data to the Nix store > $out/message
+
+  echo I can also run basic commands like:
+
+  echo ls
+  ls
+
+  echo whoami
+  whoami
+
+  echo date
+  date
+''
+</programlisting>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry xml:id="trivial-builder-runCommandCC">
+   <term>
+    <literal>runCommandCC</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This works just like <literal>runCommand</literal>. The only difference is that it also provides a C compiler in <literal>buildCommand</literal>’s environment. To minimize your dependencies, you should only use this if you are sure you will need a C compiler as part of running your command.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry xml:id="trivial-builder-runCommandLocal">
+   <term>
+    <literal>runCommandLocal</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Variant of <literal>runCommand</literal> that forces the derivation to be built locally, it is not substituted. This is intended for very cheap commands (&lt;1s execution time). It saves on the network roundrip and can speed up a build.
+    </para>
+    <note><para>
+      This sets <link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes"><literal>allowSubstitutes</literal> to <literal>false</literal></link>, so only use <literal>runCommandLocal</literal> if you are certain the user will always have a builder for the <literal>system</literal> of the derivation. This should be true for most trivial use cases (e.g. just copying some files to a different location or adding symlinks), because there the <literal>system</literal> is usually the same as <literal>builtins.currentSystem</literal>.
+    </para></note>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry xml:id="trivial-builder-writeText">
+   <term>
+    <literal>writeTextFile</literal>, <literal>writeText</literal>, <literal>writeTextDir</literal>, <literal>writeScript</literal>, <literal>writeScriptBin</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     These functions write <literal>text</literal> to the Nix store. This is useful for creating scripts from Nix expressions. <literal>writeTextFile</literal> takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, <literal>name</literal> and <literal>text</literal>. <literal>name</literal> corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. <literal>text</literal> will be the contents of the file. You can also set <literal>executable</literal> to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Many more commands wrap <literal>writeTextFile</literal> including <literal>writeText</literal>, <literal>writeTextDir</literal>, <literal>writeScript</literal>, and <literal>writeScriptBin</literal>. These are convenience functions over <literal>writeTextFile</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry xml:id="trivial-builder-symlinkJoin">
+   <term>
+    <literal>symlinkJoin</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This can be used to put many derivations into the same directory structure. It works by creating a new derivation and adding symlinks to each of the paths listed. It expects two arguments, <literal>name</literal>, and <literal>paths</literal>. <literal>name</literal> is the name used in the Nix store path for the created derivation. <literal>paths</literal> is a list of paths that will be symlinked. These paths can be to Nix store derivations or any other subdirectory contained within.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing/coding-conventions.chapter.md

@@ -1,607 +0,0 @@
-# Coding conventions {#chap-conventions}
-
-## Syntax {#sec-syntax}
-
-- Use 2 spaces of indentation per indentation level in Nix expressions, 4 spaces in shell scripts.
-
-- Do not use tab characters, i.e. configure your editor to use soft tabs. For instance, use `(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)` in Emacs. Everybody has different tab settings so it’s asking for trouble.
-
-- Use `lowerCamelCase` for variable names, not `UpperCamelCase`. Note, this rule does not apply to package attribute names, which instead follow the rules in <xref linkend="sec-package-naming"/>.
-
-- Function calls with attribute set arguments are written as
-
-  ```nix
-  foo {
-    arg = ...;
-  }
-  ```
-
-  not
-
-  ```nix
-  foo
-  {
-    arg = ...;
-  }
-  ```
-
-  Also fine is
-
-  ```nix
-  foo { arg = ...; }
-  ```
-
-  if it's a short call.
-
-- In attribute sets or lists that span multiple lines, the attribute names or list elements should be aligned:
-
-  ```nix
-  # A long list.
-  list = [
-    elem1
-    elem2
-    elem3
-  ];
-
-  # A long attribute set.
-  attrs = {
-    attr1 = short_expr;
-    attr2 =
-      if true then big_expr else big_expr;
-  };
-
-  # Combined
-  listOfAttrs = [
-    {
-      attr1 = 3;
-      attr2 = "fff";
-    }
-    {
-      attr1 = 5;
-      attr2 = "ggg";
-    }
-  ];
-  ```
-
-- Short lists or attribute sets can be written on one line:
-
-  ```nix
-  # A short list.
-  list = [ elem1 elem2 elem3 ];
-
-  # A short set.
-  attrs = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
-  ```
-
-- Breaking in the middle of a function argument can give hard-to-read code, like
-
-  ```nix
-  someFunction { x = 1280;
-    y = 1024; } otherArg
-    yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-  (especially if the argument is very large, spanning multiple lines).
-
-  Better:
-
-  ```nix
-  someFunction
-    { x = 1280; y = 1024; }
-    otherArg
-    yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-  or
-
-  ```nix
-  let res = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
-  in someFunction res otherArg yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-- The bodies of functions, asserts, and withs are not indented to prevent a lot of superfluous indentation levels, i.e.
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2 }:
-  assert system == "i686-linux";
-  stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
-  ```
-
-  not
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2 }:
-    assert system == "i686-linux";
-      stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
-  ```
-
-- Function formal arguments are written as:
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2, arg3 }:
-  ```
-
-  but if they don't fit on one line they're written as:
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2, arg3
-  , arg4, ...
-  , # Some comment...
-    argN
-  }:
-  ```
-
-- Functions should list their expected arguments as precisely as possible. That is, write
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: ...
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  args: with args; ...
-  ```
-
-  or
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl, ... }: ...
-  ```
-
-  For functions that are truly generic in the number of arguments (such as wrappers around `mkDerivation`) that have some required arguments, you should write them using an `@`-pattern:
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, doCoverageAnalysis ? false, ... } @ args:
-
-  stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
-    ... if doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
-  })
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  args:
-
-  args.stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
-    ... if args ? doCoverageAnalysis && args.doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
-  })
-  ```
-
-- Unnecessary string conversions should be avoided. Do
-
-  ```nix
-  rev = version;
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  rev = "${version}";
-  ```
-
-- Arguments should be listed in the order they are used, with the exception of `lib`, which always goes first.
-
-- The top-level `lib` must be used in the master and 21.05 branch over its alias `stdenv.lib` as it now causes evaluation errors when aliases are disabled which is the case for ofborg.
-  `lib` is unrelated to `stdenv`, and so `stdenv.lib` should only be used as a convenience alias when developing locally to avoid having to modify the function inputs just to test something out.
-
-## Package naming {#sec-package-naming}
-
-The key words _must_, _must not_, _required_, _shall_, _shall not_, _should_, _should not_, _recommended_, _may_, and _optional_ in this section are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). Only _emphasized_ words are to be interpreted in this way.
-
-In Nixpkgs, there are generally three different names associated with a package:
-
-- The `name` attribute of the derivation (excluding the version part). This is what most users see, in particular when using `nix-env`.
-
-- The variable name used for the instantiated package in `all-packages.nix`, and when passing it as a dependency to other functions. Typically this is called the _package attribute name_. This is what Nix expression authors see. It can also be used when installing using `nix-env -iA`.
-
-- The filename for (the directory containing) the Nix expression.
-
-Most of the time, these are the same. For instance, the package `e2fsprogs` has a `name` attribute `"e2fsprogs-version"`, is bound to the variable name `e2fsprogs` in `all-packages.nix`, and the Nix expression is in `pkgs/os-specific/linux/e2fsprogs/default.nix`.
-
-There are a few naming guidelines:
-
-- The `name` attribute _should_ be identical to the upstream package name.
-
-- The `name` attribute _must not_ contain uppercase letters — e.g., `"mplayer-1.0rc2"` instead of `"MPlayer-1.0rc2"`.
-
-- The version part of the `name` attribute _must_ start with a digit (following a dash) — e.g., `"hello-0.3.1rc2"`.
-
-- If a package is not a release but a commit from a repository, then the version part of the name _must_ be the date of that (fetched) commit. The date _must_ be in `"YYYY-MM-DD"` format. Also append `"unstable"` to the name - e.g., `"pkgname-unstable-2014-09-23"`.
-
-- Dashes in the package name _should_ be preserved in new variable names, rather than converted to underscores or camel cased — e.g., `http-parser` instead of `http_parser` or `httpParser`. The hyphenated style is preferred in all three package names.
-
-- If there are multiple versions of a package, this _should_ be reflected in the variable names in `all-packages.nix`, e.g. `json-c-0-9` and `json-c-0-11`. If there is an obvious “default” version, make an attribute like `json-c = json-c-0-9;`. See also <xref linkend="sec-versioning" />
-
-## File naming and organisation {#sec-organisation}
-
-Names of files and directories should be in lowercase, with dashes between words — not in camel case. For instance, it should be `all-packages.nix`, not `allPackages.nix` or `AllPackages.nix`.
-
-### Hierarchy {#sec-hierarchy}
-
-Each package should be stored in its own directory somewhere in the `pkgs/` tree, i.e. in `pkgs/category/subcategory/.../pkgname`. Below are some rules for picking the right category for a package. Many packages fall under several categories; what matters is the _primary_ purpose of a package. For example, the `libxml2` package builds both a library and some tools; but it’s a library foremost, so it goes under `pkgs/development/libraries`.
-
-When in doubt, consider refactoring the `pkgs/` tree, e.g. creating new categories or splitting up an existing category.
-
-**If it’s used to support _software development_:**
-
-- **If it’s a _library_ used by other packages:**
-
-  - `development/libraries` (e.g. `libxml2`)
-
-- **If it’s a _compiler_:**
-
-  - `development/compilers` (e.g. `gcc`)
-
-- **If it’s an _interpreter_:**
-
-  - `development/interpreters` (e.g. `guile`)
-
-- **If it’s a (set of) development _tool(s)_:**
-
-  - **If it’s a _parser generator_ (including lexers):**
-
-    - `development/tools/parsing` (e.g. `bison`, `flex`)
-
-  - **If it’s a _build manager_:**
-
-    - `development/tools/build-managers` (e.g. `gnumake`)
-
-  - **Else:**
-
-    - `development/tools/misc` (e.g. `binutils`)
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `development/misc`
-
-**If it’s a (set of) _tool(s)_:**
-
-(A tool is a relatively small program, especially one intended to be used non-interactively.)
-
-- **If it’s for _networking_:**
-
-  - `tools/networking` (e.g. `wget`)
-
-- **If it’s for _text processing_:**
-
-  - `tools/text` (e.g. `diffutils`)
-
-- **If it’s a _system utility_, i.e., something related or essential to the operation of a system:**
-
-  - `tools/system` (e.g. `cron`)
-
-- **If it’s an _archiver_ (which may include a compression function):**
-
-  - `tools/archivers` (e.g. `zip`, `tar`)
-
-- **If it’s a _compression_ program:**
-
-  - `tools/compression` (e.g. `gzip`, `bzip2`)
-
-- **If it’s a _security_-related program:**
-
-  - `tools/security` (e.g. `nmap`, `gnupg`)
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `tools/misc`
-
-**If it’s a _shell_:**
-
-- `shells` (e.g. `bash`)
-
-**If it’s a _server_:**
-
-- **If it’s a web server:**
-
-  - `servers/http` (e.g. `apache-httpd`)
-
-- **If it’s an implementation of the X Windowing System:**
-
-  - `servers/x11` (e.g. `xorg` — this includes the client libraries and programs)
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `servers/misc`
-
-**If it’s a _desktop environment_:**
-
-- `desktops` (e.g. `kde`, `gnome`, `enlightenment`)
-
-**If it’s a _window manager_:**
-
-- `applications/window-managers` (e.g. `awesome`, `stumpwm`)
-
-**If it’s an _application_:**
-
-A (typically large) program with a distinct user interface, primarily used interactively.
-
-- **If it’s a _version management system_:**
-
-  - `applications/version-management` (e.g. `subversion`)
-
-- **If it’s a _terminal emulator_:**
-
-  - `applications/terminal-emulators` (e.g. `alacritty` or `rxvt` or `termite`)
-
-- **If it’s for _video playback / editing_:**
-
-  - `applications/video` (e.g. `vlc`)
-
-- **If it’s for _graphics viewing / editing_:**
-
-  - `applications/graphics` (e.g. `gimp`)
-
-- **If it’s for _networking_:**
-
-  - **If it’s a _mailreader_:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/mailreaders` (e.g. `thunderbird`)
-
-  - **If it’s a _newsreader_:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/newsreaders` (e.g. `pan`)
-
-  - **If it’s a _web browser_:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/browsers` (e.g. `firefox`)
-
-  - **Else:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/misc`
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `applications/misc`
-
-**If it’s _data_ (i.e., does not have a straight-forward executable semantics):**
-
-- **If it’s a _font_:**
-
-  - `data/fonts`
-
-- **If it’s an _icon theme_:**
-
-  - `data/icons`
-
-- **If it’s related to _SGML/XML processing_:**
-
-  - **If it’s an _XML DTD_:**
-
-    - `data/sgml+xml/schemas/xml-dtd` (e.g. `docbook`)
-
-  - **If it’s an _XSLT stylesheet_:**
-
-    (Okay, these are executable...)
-
-    - `data/sgml+xml/stylesheets/xslt` (e.g. `docbook-xsl`)
-
-- **If it’s a _theme_ for a _desktop environment_, a _window manager_ or a _display manager_:**
-
-  - `data/themes`
-
-**If it’s a _game_:**
-
-- `games`
-
-**Else:**
-
-- `misc`
-
-### Versioning {#sec-versioning}
-
-Because every version of a package in Nixpkgs creates a potential maintenance burden, old versions of a package should not be kept unless there is a good reason to do so. For instance, Nixpkgs contains several versions of GCC because other packages don’t build with the latest version of GCC. Other examples are having both the latest stable and latest pre-release version of a package, or to keep several major releases of an application that differ significantly in functionality.
-
-If there is only one version of a package, its Nix expression should be named `e2fsprogs/default.nix`. If there are multiple versions, this should be reflected in the filename, e.g. `e2fsprogs/1.41.8.nix` and `e2fsprogs/1.41.9.nix`. The version in the filename should leave out unnecessary detail. For instance, if we keep the latest Firefox 2.0.x and 3.5.x versions in Nixpkgs, they should be named `firefox/2.0.nix` and `firefox/3.5.nix`, respectively (which, at a given point, might contain versions `2.0.0.20` and `3.5.4`). If a version requires many auxiliary files, you can use a subdirectory for each version, e.g. `firefox/2.0/default.nix` and `firefox/3.5/default.nix`.
-
-All versions of a package _must_ be included in `all-packages.nix` to make sure that they evaluate correctly.
-
-## Fetching Sources {#sec-sources}
-
-There are multiple ways to fetch a package source in nixpkgs. The general guideline is that you should package reproducible sources with a high degree of availability. Right now there is only one fetcher which has mirroring support and that is `fetchurl`. Note that you should also prefer protocols which have a corresponding proxy environment variable.
-
-You can find many source fetch helpers in `pkgs/build-support/fetch*`.
-
-In the file `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix` you can find fetch helpers, these have names on the form `fetchFrom*`. The intention of these are to provide snapshot fetches but using the same api as some of the version controlled fetchers from `pkgs/build-support/`. As an example going from bad to good:
-
-- Bad: Uses `git://` which won't be proxied.
-
-  ```nix
-  src = fetchgit {
-    url = "git://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
-    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
-    sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
-  }
-  ```
-
-- Better: This is ok, but an archive fetch will still be faster.
-
-  ```nix
-  src = fetchgit {
-    url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
-    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
-    sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
-  }
-  ```
-
-- Best: Fetches a snapshot archive and you get the rev you want.
-
-  ```nix
-  src = fetchFromGitHub {
-    owner = "NixOS";
-    repo = "nix";
-    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
-    sha256 = "1i2yxndxb6yc9l6c99pypbd92lfq5aac4klq7y2v93c9qvx2cgpc";
-  }
-  ```
-
-  Find the value to put as `sha256` by running `nix run -f '<nixpkgs>' nix-prefetch-github -c nix-prefetch-github --rev 1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae NixOS nix` or `nix-prefetch-url --unpack https://github.com/NixOS/nix/archive/1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae.tar.gz`.
-
-## Obtaining source hash {#sec-source-hashes}
-
-Preferred source hash type is sha256. There are several ways to get it.
-
-1. Prefetch URL (with `nix-prefetch-XXX URL`, where `XXX` is one of `url`, `git`, `hg`, `cvs`, `bzr`, `svn`). Hash is printed to stdout.
-
-2. Prefetch by package source (with `nix-prefetch-url '<nixpkgs>' -A PACKAGE.src`, where `PACKAGE` is package attribute name). Hash is printed to stdout.
-
-    This works well when you've upgraded existing package version and want to find out new hash, but is useless if package can't be accessed by attribute or package has multiple sources (`.srcs`, architecture-dependent sources, etc).
-
-3. Upstream provided hash: use it when upstream provides `sha256` or `sha512` (when upstream provides `md5`, don't use it, compute `sha256` instead).
-
-    A little nuance is that `nix-prefetch-*` tools produce hash encoded with `base32`, but upstream usually provides hexadecimal (`base16`) encoding. Fetchers understand both formats. Nixpkgs does not standardize on any one format.
-
-    You can convert between formats with nix-hash, for example:
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ nix-hash --type sha256 --to-base32 HASH
-    ```
-
-4. Extracting hash from local source tarball can be done with `sha256sum`. Use `nix-prefetch-url file:///path/to/tarball` if you want base32 hash.
-
-5. Fake hash: set fake hash in package expression, perform build and extract correct hash from error Nix prints.
-
-    For package updates it is enough to change one symbol to make hash fake. For new packages, you can use `lib.fakeSha256`, `lib.fakeSha512` or any other fake hash.
-
-    This is last resort method when reconstructing source URL is non-trivial and `nix-prefetch-url -A` isn't applicable (for example, [one of `kodi` dependencies](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d2ab091dd308b99e4912b805a5eb088dd536adb9/pkgs/applications/video/kodi/default.nix#L73")). The easiest way then would be replace hash with a fake one and rebuild. Nix build will fail and error message will contain desired hash.
-
-::: warning
-This method has security problems. Check below for details.
-:::
-
-### Obtaining hashes securely {#sec-source-hashes-security}
-
-Let's say Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) sits close to your network. Then instead of fetching source you can fetch malware, and instead of source hash you get hash of malware. Here are security considerations for this scenario:
-
-- `http://` URLs are not secure to prefetch hash from;
-
-- hashes from upstream (in method 3) should be obtained via secure protocol;
-
-- `https://` URLs are secure in methods 1, 2, 3;
-
-- `https://` URLs are not secure in method 5. When obtaining hashes with fake hash method, TLS checks are disabled. So refetch source hash from several different networks to exclude MITM scenario. Alternatively, use fake hash method to make Nix error, but instead of extracting hash from error, extract `https://` URL and prefetch it with method 1.
-
-## Patches {#sec-patches}
-
-Patches available online should be retrieved using `fetchpatch`.
-
-```nix
-patches = [
-  (fetchpatch {
-    name = "fix-check-for-using-shared-freetype-lib.patch";
-    url = "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=patch;h=8f5d285";
-    sha256 = "1f0k043rng7f0rfl9hhb89qzvvksqmkrikmm38p61yfx51l325xr";
-  })
-];
-```
-
-Otherwise, you can add a `.patch` file to the `nixpkgs` repository. In the interest of keeping our maintenance burden to a minimum, only patches that are unique to `nixpkgs` should be added in this way.
-
-```nix
-patches = [ ./0001-changes.patch ];
-```
-
-If you do need to do create this sort of patch file, one way to do so is with git:
-
-1. Move to the root directory of the source code you're patching.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ cd the/program/source
-    ```
-
-2. If a git repository is not already present, create one and stage all of the source files.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git init
-    $ git add .
-    ```
-
-3. Edit some files to make whatever changes need to be included in the patch.
-
-4. Use git to create a diff, and pipe the output to a patch file:
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git diff > nixpkgs/pkgs/the/package/0001-changes.patch
-    ```
-
-If a patch is available online but does not cleanly apply, it can be modified in some fixed ways by using additional optional arguments for `fetchpatch`:
-
-- `stripLen`: Remove the first `stripLen` components of pathnames in the patch.
-- `extraPrefix`: Prefix pathnames by this string.
-- `excludes`: Exclude files matching this pattern.
-- `includes`: Include only files matching this pattern.
-- `revert`: Revert the patch.
-
-Note that because the checksum is computed after applying these effects, using or modifying these arguments will have no effect unless the `sha256` argument is changed as well.
-
-## Package tests {#sec-package-tests}
-
-Tests are important to ensure quality and make reviews and automatic updates easy.
-
-Nix package tests are a lightweight alternative to [NixOS module tests](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests). They can be used to create simple integration tests for packages while the module tests are used to test services or programs with a graphical user interface on a NixOS VM. Unittests that are included in the source code of a package should be executed in the `checkPhase`.
-
-### Writing package tests {#ssec-package-tests-writing}
-
-This is an example using the `phoronix-test-suite` package with the current best practices.
-
-Add the tests in `passthru.tests` to the package definition like this:
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, lib, fetchurl, callPackage }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  …
-
-  passthru.tests = {
-    simple-execution = callPackage ./tests.nix { };
-  };
-
-  meta = { … };
-}
-```
-
-Create `tests.nix` in the package directory:
-
-```nix
-{ runCommand, phoronix-test-suite }:
-
-let
-  inherit (phoronix-test-suite) pname version;
-in
-
-runCommand "${pname}-tests" { meta.timeout = 3; }
-  ''
-    # automatic initial setup to prevent interactive questions
-    ${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite enterprise-setup >/dev/null
-    # get version of installed program and compare with package version
-    if [[ `${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite version` != *"${version}"*  ]]; then
-      echo "Error: program version does not match package version"
-      exit 1
-    fi
-    # run dummy command
-    ${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite dummy_module.dummy-command >/dev/null
-    # needed for Nix to register the command as successful
-    touch $out
-  ''
-```
-
-### Running package tests {#ssec-package-tests-running}
-
-You can run these tests with:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ cd path/to/nixpkgs
-$ nix-build -A phoronix-test-suite.tests
-```
-
-### Examples of package tests {#ssec-package-tests-examples}
-
-Here are examples of package tests:
-
-- [Jasmin compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/jasmin/test-assemble-hello-world/default.nix)
-- [Lobster compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/lobster/test-can-run-hello-world.nix)
-- [Spacy annotation test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/python-modules/spacy/annotation-test/default.nix)
-- [Libtorch test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/science/math/libtorch/test/default.nix)
-- [Multiple tests for nanopb](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/nanopb/default.nix)

doc/contributing/coding-conventions.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-conventions">
+ <title>Coding conventions</title>
+ <section xml:id="sec-syntax">
+  <title>Syntax</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use 2 spaces of indentation per indentation level in Nix expressions, 4 spaces in shell scripts.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Do not use tab characters, i.e. configure your editor to use soft tabs. For instance, use <literal>(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)</literal> in Emacs. Everybody has different tab settings so it’s asking for trouble.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use <literal>lowerCamelCase</literal> for variable names, not <literal>UpperCamelCase</literal>. Note, this rule does not apply to package attribute names, which instead follow the rules in <xref linkend="sec-package-naming"/>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Function calls with attribute set arguments are written as
+<programlisting>
+foo {
+  arg = ...;
+}
+</programlisting>
+     not
+<programlisting>
+foo
+{
+  arg = ...;
+}
+</programlisting>
+     Also fine is
+<programlisting>
+foo { arg = ...; }
+</programlisting>
+     if it's a short call.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     In attribute sets or lists that span multiple lines, the attribute names or list elements should be aligned:
+<programlisting>
+# A long list.
+list = [
+  elem1
+  elem2
+  elem3
+];
+
+# A long attribute set.
+attrs = {
+  attr1 = short_expr;
+  attr2 =
+    if true then big_expr else big_expr;
+};
+
+# Combined
+listOfAttrs = [
+  {
+    attr1 = 3;
+    attr2 = "fff";
+  }
+  {
+    attr1 = 5;
+    attr2 = "ggg";
+  }
+];
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Short lists or attribute sets can be written on one line:
+<programlisting>
+# A short list.
+list = [ elem1 elem2 elem3 ];
+
+# A short set.
+attrs = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Breaking in the middle of a function argument can give hard-to-read code, like
+<programlisting>
+someFunction { x = 1280;
+  y = 1024; } otherArg
+  yetAnotherArg
+</programlisting>
+     (especially if the argument is very large, spanning multiple lines).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Better:
+<programlisting>
+someFunction
+  { x = 1280; y = 1024; }
+  otherArg
+  yetAnotherArg
+</programlisting>
+     or
+<programlisting>
+let res = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
+in someFunction res otherArg yetAnotherArg
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The bodies of functions, asserts, and withs are not indented to prevent a lot of superfluous indentation levels, i.e.
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2 }:
+assert system == "i686-linux";
+stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
+</programlisting>
+     not
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2 }:
+  assert system == "i686-linux";
+    stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Function formal arguments are written as:
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2, arg3 }:
+</programlisting>
+     but if they don't fit on one line they're written as:
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2, arg3
+, arg4, ...
+, # Some comment...
+  argN
+}:
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Functions should list their expected arguments as precisely as possible. That is, write
+<programlisting>
+{ stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+</programlisting>
+     instead of
+<programlisting>
+args: with args; <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+</programlisting>
+     or
+<programlisting>
+{ stdenv, fetchurl, perl, ... }: <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     For functions that are truly generic in the number of arguments (such as wrappers around <varname>mkDerivation</varname>) that have some required arguments, you should write them using an <literal>@</literal>-pattern:
+<programlisting>
+{ stdenv, doCoverageAnalysis ? false, ... } @ args:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
+  <replaceable>...</replaceable> if doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+})
+</programlisting>
+     instead of
+<programlisting>
+args:
+
+args.stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
+  <replaceable>...</replaceable> if args ? doCoverageAnalysis &amp;&amp; args.doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+})
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-package-naming">
+  <title>Package naming</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The key words <emphasis>must</emphasis>, <emphasis>must not</emphasis>, <emphasis>required</emphasis>, <emphasis>shall</emphasis>, <emphasis>shall not</emphasis>, <emphasis>should</emphasis>, <emphasis>should not</emphasis>, <emphasis>recommended</emphasis>, <emphasis>may</emphasis>, and <emphasis>optional</emphasis> in this section are to be interpreted as described in <link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</link>. Only <emphasis>emphasized</emphasis> words are to be interpreted in this way.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In Nixpkgs, there are generally three different names associated with a package:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <varname>name</varname> attribute of the derivation (excluding the version part). This is what most users see, in particular when using <command>nix-env</command>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The variable name used for the instantiated package in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, and when passing it as a dependency to other functions. Typically this is called the <emphasis>package attribute name</emphasis>. This is what Nix expression authors see. It can also be used when installing using <command>nix-env -iA</command>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The filename for (the directory containing) the Nix expression.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+   Most of the time, these are the same. For instance, the package <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> has a <varname>name</varname> attribute <literal>"e2fsprogs-<replaceable>version</replaceable>"</literal>, is bound to the variable name <varname>e2fsprogs</varname> in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, and the Nix expression is in <filename>pkgs/os-specific/linux/e2fsprogs/default.nix</filename>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   There are a few naming guidelines:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <literal>name</literal> attribute <emphasis>should</emphasis> be identical to the upstream package name.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <literal>name</literal> attribute <emphasis>must not</emphasis> contain uppercase letters — e.g., <literal>"mplayer-1.0rc2"</literal> instead of <literal>"MPlayer-1.0rc2"</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The version part of the <literal>name</literal> attribute <emphasis>must</emphasis> start with a digit (following a dash) — e.g., <literal>"hello-0.3.1rc2"</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      If a package is not a release but a commit from a repository, then the version part of the name <emphasis>must</emphasis> be the date of that (fetched) commit. The date <emphasis>must</emphasis> be in <literal>"YYYY-MM-DD"</literal> format. Also append <literal>"unstable"</literal> to the name - e.g., <literal>"pkgname-unstable-2014-09-23"</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Dashes in the package name <emphasis>should</emphasis> be preserved in new variable names, rather than converted to underscores or camel cased — e.g., <varname>http-parser</varname> instead of <varname>http_parser</varname> or <varname>httpParser</varname>. The hyphenated style is preferred in all three package names.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      If there are multiple versions of a package, this <emphasis>should</emphasis> be reflected in the variable names in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, e.g. <varname>json-c-0-9</varname> and <varname>json-c-0-11</varname>. If there is an obvious “default” version, make an attribute like <literal>json-c = json-c-0-9;</literal>. See also <xref linkend="sec-versioning" />
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-organisation">
+  <title>File naming and organisation</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Names of files and directories should be in lowercase, with dashes between words — not in camel case. For instance, it should be <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, not <filename>allPackages.nix</filename> or <filename>AllPackages.nix</filename>.
+  </para>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-hierarchy">
+   <title>Hierarchy</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Each package should be stored in its own directory somewhere in the <filename>pkgs/</filename> tree, i.e. in <filename>pkgs/<replaceable>category</replaceable>/<replaceable>subcategory</replaceable>/<replaceable>...</replaceable>/<replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></filename>. Below are some rules for picking the right category for a package. Many packages fall under several categories; what matters is the <emphasis>primary</emphasis> purpose of a package. For example, the <literal>libxml2</literal> package builds both a library and some tools; but it’s a library foremost, so it goes under <filename>pkgs/development/libraries</filename>.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    When in doubt, consider refactoring the <filename>pkgs/</filename> tree, e.g. creating new categories or splitting up an existing category.
+   </para>
+
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s used to support <emphasis>software development</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>library</emphasis> used by other packages:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/libraries</filename> (e.g. <filename>libxml2</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>compiler</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/compilers</filename> (e.g. <filename>gcc</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s an <emphasis>interpreter</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/interpreters</filename> (e.g. <filename>guile</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a (set of) development <emphasis>tool(s)</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <variablelist>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>parser generator</emphasis> (including lexers):
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>development/tools/parsing</filename> (e.g. <filename>bison</filename>, <filename>flex</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>build manager</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>development/tools/build-managers</filename> (e.g. <filename>gnumake</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            Else:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>development/tools/misc</filename> (e.g. <filename>binutils</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+         </variablelist>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a (set of) <emphasis>tool(s)</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       (A tool is a relatively small program, especially one intended to be used non-interactively.)
+      </para>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>networking</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/networking</filename> (e.g. <filename>wget</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>text processing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/text</filename> (e.g. <filename>diffutils</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>system utility</emphasis>, i.e., something related or essential to the operation of a system:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/system</filename> (e.g. <filename>cron</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s an <emphasis>archiver</emphasis> (which may include a compression function):
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/archivers</filename> (e.g. <filename>zip</filename>, <filename>tar</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>compression</emphasis> program:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/compression</filename> (e.g. <filename>gzip</filename>, <filename>bzip2</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>security</emphasis>-related program:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/security</filename> (e.g. <filename>nmap</filename>, <filename>gnupg</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>shell</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>shells</filename> (e.g. <filename>bash</filename>)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>server</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a web server:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>servers/http</filename> (e.g. <filename>apache-httpd</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s an implementation of the X Windowing System:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>servers/x11</filename> (e.g. <filename>xorg</filename> — this includes the client libraries and programs)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>servers/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>desktop environment</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>desktops</filename> (e.g. <filename>kde</filename>, <filename>gnome</filename>, <filename>enlightenment</filename>)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>window manager</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>applications/window-managers</filename> (e.g. <filename>awesome</filename>, <filename>stumpwm</filename>)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s an <emphasis>application</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       A (typically large) program with a distinct user interface, primarily used interactively.
+      </para>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>version management system</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/version-management</filename> (e.g. <filename>subversion</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>video playback / editing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/video</filename> (e.g. <filename>vlc</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>graphics viewing / editing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/graphics</filename> (e.g. <filename>gimp</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>networking</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <variablelist>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>mailreader</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/mailreaders</filename> (e.g. <filename>thunderbird</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>newsreader</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/newsreaders</filename> (e.g. <filename>pan</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>web browser</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/browsers</filename> (e.g. <filename>firefox</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            Else:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/misc</filename>
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+         </variablelist>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s <emphasis>data</emphasis> (i.e., does not have a straight-forward executable semantics):
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>font</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>data/fonts</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s an <emphasis>icon theme</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>data/icons</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s related to <emphasis>SGML/XML processing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <variablelist>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s an <emphasis>XML DTD</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>data/sgml+xml/schemas/xml-dtd</filename> (e.g. <filename>docbook</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s an <emphasis>XSLT stylesheet</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             (Okay, these are executable...)
+            </para>
+            <para>
+             <filename>data/sgml+xml/stylesheets/xslt</filename> (e.g. <filename>docbook-xsl</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+         </variablelist>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>theme</emphasis> for a <emphasis>desktop environment</emphasis>,
+         a <emphasis>window manager</emphasis> or a <emphasis>display manager</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>data/themes</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>game</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>games</filename>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Else:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>misc</filename>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-versioning">
+   <title>Versioning</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Because every version of a package in Nixpkgs creates a potential maintenance burden, old versions of a package should not be kept unless there is a good reason to do so. For instance, Nixpkgs contains several versions of GCC because other packages don’t build with the latest version of GCC. Other examples are having both the latest stable and latest pre-release version of a package, or to keep several major releases of an application that differ significantly in functionality.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    If there is only one version of a package, its Nix expression should be named <filename>e2fsprogs/default.nix</filename>. If there are multiple versions, this should be reflected in the filename, e.g. <filename>e2fsprogs/1.41.8.nix</filename> and <filename>e2fsprogs/1.41.9.nix</filename>. The version in the filename should leave out unnecessary detail. For instance, if we keep the latest Firefox 2.0.x and 3.5.x versions in Nixpkgs, they should be named <filename>firefox/2.0.nix</filename> and <filename>firefox/3.5.nix</filename>, respectively (which, at a given point, might contain versions <literal>2.0.0.20</literal> and <literal>3.5.4</literal>). If a version requires many auxiliary files, you can use a subdirectory for each version, e.g. <filename>firefox/2.0/default.nix</filename> and <filename>firefox/3.5/default.nix</filename>.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    All versions of a package <emphasis>must</emphasis> be included in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename> to make sure that they evaluate correctly.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-sources">
+  <title>Fetching Sources</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are multiple ways to fetch a package source in nixpkgs. The general guideline is that you should package reproducible sources with a high degree of availability. Right now there is only one fetcher which has mirroring support and that is <literal>fetchurl</literal>. Note that you should also prefer protocols which have a corresponding proxy environment variable.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   You can find many source fetch helpers in <literal>pkgs/build-support/fetch*</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In the file <literal>pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix</literal> you can find fetch helpers, these have names on the form <literal>fetchFrom*</literal>. The intention of these are to provide snapshot fetches but using the same api as some of the version controlled fetchers from <literal>pkgs/build-support/</literal>. As an example going from bad to good:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Bad: Uses <literal>git://</literal> which won't be proxied.
+<programlisting>
+src = fetchgit {
+  url = "git://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
+  rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+  sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
+}
+</programlisting>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Better: This is ok, but an archive fetch will still be faster.
+<programlisting>
+src = fetchgit {
+  url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
+  rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+  sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
+}
+</programlisting>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Best: Fetches a snapshot archive and you get the rev you want.
+<programlisting>
+src = fetchFromGitHub {
+  owner = "NixOS";
+  repo = "nix";
+  rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+  sha256 = "1i2yxndxb6yc9l6c99pypbd92lfq5aac4klq7y2v93c9qvx2cgpc";
+}
+</programlisting>
+      Find the value to put as <literal>sha256</literal> by running <literal>nix run -f '&lt;nixpkgs&gt;' nix-prefetch-github -c nix-prefetch-github --rev 1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae NixOS nix</literal> or <literal>nix-prefetch-url --unpack https://github.com/NixOS/nix/archive/1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae.tar.gz</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-source-hashes">
+  <title>Obtaining source hash</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Preferred source hash type is sha256. There are several ways to get it.
+  </para>
+
+  <orderedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Prefetch URL (with <literal>nix-prefetch-<replaceable>XXX</replaceable> <replaceable>URL</replaceable></literal>, where <replaceable>XXX</replaceable> is one of <literal>url</literal>, <literal>git</literal>, <literal>hg</literal>, <literal>cvs</literal>, <literal>bzr</literal>, <literal>svn</literal>). Hash is printed to stdout.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Prefetch by package source (with <literal>nix-prefetch-url '&lt;nixpkgs&gt;' -A <replaceable>PACKAGE</replaceable>.src</literal>, where <replaceable>PACKAGE</replaceable> is package attribute name). Hash is printed to stdout.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This works well when you've upgraded existing package version and want to find out new hash, but is useless if package can't be accessed by attribute or package has multiple sources (<literal>.srcs</literal>, architecture-dependent sources, etc).
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Upstream provided hash: use it when upstream provides <literal>sha256</literal> or <literal>sha512</literal> (when upstream provides <literal>md5</literal>, don't use it, compute <literal>sha256</literal> instead).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     A little nuance is that <literal>nix-prefetch-*</literal> tools produce hash encoded with <literal>base32</literal>, but upstream usually provides hexadecimal (<literal>base16</literal>) encoding. Fetchers understand both formats. Nixpkgs does not standardize on any one format.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     You can convert between formats with nix-hash, for example:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-hash --type sha256 --to-base32 <replaceable>HASH</replaceable>
+</screen>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Extracting hash from local source tarball can be done with <literal>sha256sum</literal>. Use <literal>nix-prefetch-url file:///path/to/tarball </literal> if you want base32 hash.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fake hash: set fake hash in package expression, perform build and extract correct hash from error Nix prints.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     For package updates it is enough to change one symbol to make hash fake. For new packages, you can use <literal>lib.fakeSha256</literal>, <literal>lib.fakeSha512</literal> or any other fake hash.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is last resort method when reconstructing source URL is non-trivial and <literal>nix-prefetch-url -A</literal> isn't applicable (for example, <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d2ab091dd308b99e4912b805a5eb088dd536adb9/pkgs/applications/video/kodi/default.nix#L73"> one of <literal>kodi</literal> dependencies</link>). The easiest way then would be replace hash with a fake one and rebuild. Nix build will fail and error message will contain desired hash.
+    </para>
+    <warning>
+     <para>
+      This method has security problems. Check below for details.
+     </para>
+    </warning>
+   </listitem>
+  </orderedlist>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-source-hashes-security">
+   <title>Obtaining hashes securely</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Let's say Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) sits close to your network. Then instead of fetching source you can fetch malware, and instead of source hash you get hash of malware. Here are security considerations for this scenario:
+   </para>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <literal>http://</literal> URLs are not secure to prefetch hash from;
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      hashes from upstream (in method 3) should be obtained via secure protocol;
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <literal>https://</literal> URLs are secure in methods 1, 2, 3;
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <literal>https://</literal> URLs are not secure in method 5. When obtaining hashes with fake hash method, TLS checks are disabled. So refetch source hash from several different networks to exclude MITM scenario. Alternatively, use fake hash method to make Nix error, but instead of extracting hash from error, extract <literal>https://</literal> URL and prefetch it with method 1.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-patches">
+  <title>Patches</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Patches available online should be retrieved using <literal>fetchpatch</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+<programlisting>
+patches = [
+  (fetchpatch {
+    name = "fix-check-for-using-shared-freetype-lib.patch";
+    url = "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=patch;h=8f5d285";
+    sha256 = "1f0k043rng7f0rfl9hhb89qzvvksqmkrikmm38p61yfx51l325xr";
+  })
+];
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Otherwise, you can add a <literal>.patch</literal> file to the <literal>nixpkgs</literal> repository. In the interest of keeping our maintenance burden to a minimum, only patches that are unique to <literal>nixpkgs</literal> should be added in this way.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+<programlisting>
+patches = [ ./0001-changes.patch ];
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If you do need to do create this sort of patch file, one way to do so is with git:
+   <orderedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Move to the root directory of the source code you're patching.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd the/program/source</screen>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      If a git repository is not already present, create one and stage all of the source files.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git init
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git add .</screen>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Edit some files to make whatever changes need to be included in the patch.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Use git to create a diff, and pipe the output to a patch file:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git diff > nixpkgs/pkgs/the/package/0001-changes.patch</screen>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </orderedlist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing/contributing-to-documentation.chapter.md

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing to this documentation {#chap-contributing}
-
-The DocBook sources of the Nixpkgs manual are in the [doc](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/doc) subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.
-
-You can quickly check your edits with `make`:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
-$ nix-shell
-[nix-shell]$ make
-```
-
-If you experience problems, run `make debug` to help understand the docbook errors.
-
-After making modifications to the manual, it's important to build it before committing. You can do that as follows:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
-$ nix-shell
-[nix-shell]$ make clean
-[nix-shell]$ nix-build .
-```
-
-If the build succeeds, the manual will be in `./result/share/doc/nixpkgs/manual.html`.

doc/contributing/contributing-to-documentation.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-contributing">
+ <title>Contributing to this documentation</title>
+ <para>
+  The DocBook sources of the Nixpkgs manual are in the <filename
+xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/doc">doc</filename> subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  You can quickly check your edits with <command>make</command>:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-shell
+<prompt>[nix-shell]$ </prompt>make
+</screen>
+ <para>
+  If you experience problems, run <command>make debug</command> to help understand the docbook errors.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  After making modifications to the manual, it's important to build it before committing. You can do that as follows:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-shell
+<prompt>[nix-shell]$ </prompt>make clean
+<prompt>[nix-shell]$ </prompt>nix-build .
+</screen>
+  If the build succeeds, the manual will be in <filename>./result/share/doc/nixpkgs/manual.html</filename>.
+ </para>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing/quick-start.chapter.md

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-# Quick Start to Adding a Package {#chap-quick-start}
-
-To add a package to Nixpkgs:
-
-1. Checkout the Nixpkgs source tree:
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs
-   $ cd nixpkgs
-   ```
-
-2. Find a good place in the Nixpkgs tree to add the Nix expression for your package. For instance, a library package typically goes into `pkgs/development/libraries/pkgname`, while a web browser goes into `pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/pkgname`. See <xref linkend="sec-organisation" /> for some hints on the tree organisation. Create a directory for your package, e.g.
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ mkdir pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo
-   ```
-
-3. In the package directory, create a Nix expression — a piece of code that describes how to build the package. In this case, it should be a _function_ that is called with the package dependencies as arguments, and returns a build of the package in the Nix store. The expression should usually be called `default.nix`.
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ emacs pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix
-   $ git add pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix
-   ```
-
-   You can have a look at the existing Nix expressions under `pkgs/` to see how it’s done. Here are some good ones:
-
-   - GNU Hello: [`pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix). Trivial package, which specifies some `meta` attributes which is good practice.
-
-   - GNU cpio: [`pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix). Also a simple package. The generic builder in `stdenv` does everything for you. It has no dependencies beyond `stdenv`.
-
-   - GNU Multiple Precision arithmetic library (GMP): [`pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix). Also done by the generic builder, but has a dependency on `m4`.
-
-   - Pan, a GTK-based newsreader: [`pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix). Has an optional dependency on `gtkspell`, which is only built if `spellCheck` is `true`.
-
-   - Apache HTTPD: [`pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix). A bunch of optional features, variable substitutions in the configure flags, a post-install hook, and miscellaneous hackery.
-
-   - Thunderbird: [`pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix). Lots of dependencies.
-
-   - JDiskReport, a Java utility: [`pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix). Nixpkgs doesn’t have a decent `stdenv` for Java yet so this is pretty ad-hoc.
-
-   - XML::Simple, a Perl module: [`pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix) (search for the `XMLSimple` attribute). Most Perl modules are so simple to build that they are defined directly in `perl-packages.nix`; no need to make a separate file for them.
-
-   - Adobe Reader: [`pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix). Shows how binary-only packages can be supported. In particular the [builder](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/builder.sh) uses `patchelf` to set the RUNPATH and ELF interpreter of the executables so that the right libraries are found at runtime.
-
-   Some notes:
-
-   - All [`meta`](#chap-meta) attributes are optional, but it’s still a good idea to provide at least the `description`, `homepage` and [`license`](#sec-meta-license).
-
-   - You can use `nix-prefetch-url url` to get the SHA-256 hash of source distributions. There are similar commands as `nix-prefetch-git` and `nix-prefetch-hg` available in `nix-prefetch-scripts` package.
-
-   - A list of schemes for `mirror://` URLs can be found in [`pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix).
-
-   The exact syntax and semantics of the Nix expression language, including the built-in function, are described in the Nix manual in the [chapter on writing Nix expressions](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nix/trunk/tarball/latest/download-by-type/doc/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions).
-
-4. Add a call to the function defined in the previous step to [`pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix) with some descriptive name for the variable, e.g. `libfoo`.
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ emacs pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
-   ```
-
-   The attributes in that file are sorted by category (like “Development / Libraries”) that more-or-less correspond to the directory structure of Nixpkgs, and then by attribute name.
-
-5. To test whether the package builds, run the following command from the root of the nixpkgs source tree:
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ nix-build -A libfoo
-   ```
-
-   where `libfoo` should be the variable name defined in the previous step. You may want to add the flag `-K` to keep the temporary build directory in case something fails. If the build succeeds, a symlink `./result` to the package in the Nix store is created.
-
-6. If you want to install the package into your profile (optional), do
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ nix-env -f . -iA libfoo
-   ```
-
-7. Optionally commit the new package and open a pull request [to nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls), or use [the Patches category](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/about-the-patches-category/477) on Discourse for sending a patch without a GitHub account.

doc/contributing/quick-start.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-quick-start">
+ <title>Quick Start to Adding a Package</title>
+ <para>
+  To add a package to Nixpkgs:
+  <orderedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Checkout the Nixpkgs source tree:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd nixpkgs</screen>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Find a good place in the Nixpkgs tree to add the Nix expression for your package. For instance, a library package typically goes into <filename>pkgs/development/libraries/<replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></filename>, while a web browser goes into <filename>pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/<replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></filename>. See <xref linkend="sec-organisation" /> for some hints on the tree organisation. Create a directory for your package, e.g.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>mkdir pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo</screen>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     In the package directory, create a Nix expression — a piece of code that describes how to build the package. In this case, it should be a <emphasis>function</emphasis> that is called with the package dependencies as arguments, and returns a build of the package in the Nix store. The expression should usually be called <filename>default.nix</filename>.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>emacs pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git add pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix</screen>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     You can have a look at the existing Nix expressions under <filename>pkgs/</filename> to see how it’s done. Here are some good ones:
+     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        GNU Hello: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix"><filename>pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix</filename></link>. Trivial package, which specifies some <varname>meta</varname> attributes which is good practice.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        GNU cpio: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix"><filename>pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix</filename></link>. Also a simple package. The generic builder in <varname>stdenv</varname> does everything for you. It has no dependencies beyond <varname>stdenv</varname>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        GNU Multiple Precision arithmetic library (GMP): <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix"><filename>pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix</filename></link>. Also done by the generic builder, but has a dependency on <varname>m4</varname>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Pan, a GTK-based newsreader: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix"><filename>pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix</filename></link>. Has an optional dependency on <varname>gtkspell</varname>, which is only built if <varname>spellCheck</varname> is <literal>true</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Apache HTTPD: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix"><filename>pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix</filename></link>. A bunch of optional features, variable substitutions in the configure flags, a post-install hook, and miscellaneous hackery.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Thunderbird: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix"><filename>pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix</filename></link>. Lots of dependencies.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        JDiskReport, a Java utility: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix"><filename>pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix</filename></link>. Nixpkgs doesn’t have a decent <varname>stdenv</varname> for Java yet so this is pretty ad-hoc.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        XML::Simple, a Perl module: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix</filename></link> (search for the <varname>XMLSimple</varname> attribute). Most Perl modules are so simple to build that they are defined directly in <filename>perl-packages.nix</filename>; no need to make a separate file for them.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Adobe Reader: <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix"><filename>pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix</filename></link>. Shows how binary-only packages can be supported. In particular the <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/builder.sh">builder</link> uses <command>patchelf</command> to set the RUNPATH and ELF interpreter of the executables so that the right libraries are found at runtime.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Some notes:
+     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        All <varname linkend="chap-meta">meta</varname> attributes are optional, but it’s still a good idea to provide at least the <varname>description</varname>, <varname>homepage</varname> and <varname
+          linkend="sec-meta-license">license</varname>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        You can use <command>nix-prefetch-url</command> <replaceable>url</replaceable> to get the SHA-256 hash of source distributions. There are similar commands as <command>nix-prefetch-git</command> and <command>nix-prefetch-hg</command> available in <literal>nix-prefetch-scripts</literal> package.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        A list of schemes for <literal>mirror://</literal> URLs can be found in <link
+          xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix"><filename>pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix</filename></link>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The exact syntax and semantics of the Nix expression language, including the built-in function, are described in the Nix manual in the <link
+    xlink:href="https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nix/trunk/tarball/latest/download-by-type/doc/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions">chapter on writing Nix expressions</link>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add a call to the function defined in the previous step to <link
+    xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix</filename></link> with some descriptive name for the variable, e.g. <varname>libfoo</varname>.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>emacs pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix</screen>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The attributes in that file are sorted by category (like “Development / Libraries”) that more-or-less correspond to the directory structure of Nixpkgs, and then by attribute name.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     To test whether the package builds, run the following command from the root of the nixpkgs source tree:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-build -A libfoo</screen>
+     where <varname>libfoo</varname> should be the variable name defined in the previous step. You may want to add the flag <option>-K</option> to keep the temporary build directory in case something fails. If the build succeeds, a symlink <filename>./result</filename> to the package in the Nix store is created.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     If you want to install the package into your profile (optional), do
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-env -f . -iA libfoo</screen>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Optionally commit the new package and open a pull request <link
+     xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls">to nixpkgs</link>, or use <link
+     xlink:href="https://discourse.nixos.org/t/about-the-patches-category/477"> the Patches category</link> on Discourse for sending a patch without a GitHub account.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing/reviewing-contributions.chapter.md

@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-# Reviewing contributions {#chap-reviewing-contributions}
-
-::: warning
-The following section is a draft, and the policy for reviewing is still being discussed in issues such as [#11166](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/11166) and [#20836](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/20836).
-:::
-
-The Nixpkgs project receives a fairly high number of contributions via GitHub pull requests. Reviewing and approving these is an important task and a way to contribute to the project.
-
-The high change rate of Nixpkgs makes any pull request that remains open for too long subject to conflicts that will require extra work from the submitter or the merger. Reviewing pull requests in a timely manner and being responsive to the comments is the key to avoid this issue. GitHub provides sort filters that can be used to see the [most recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc) and the [least recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-asc) updated pull requests. We highly encourage looking at [this list of ready to merge, unreviewed pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+review%3Anone+status%3Asuccess+-label%3A%222.status%3A+work-in-progress%22+no%3Aproject+no%3Aassignee+no%3Amilestone).
-
-When reviewing a pull request, please always be nice and polite. Controversial changes can lead to controversial opinions, but it is important to respect every community member and their work.
-
-GitHub provides reactions as a simple and quick way to provide feedback to pull requests or any comments. The thumb-down reaction should be used with care and if possible accompanied with some explanation so the submitter has directions to improve their contribution.
-
-pull request reviews should include a list of what has been reviewed in a comment, so other reviewers and mergers can know the state of the review.
-
-All the review template samples provided in this section are generic and meant as examples. Their usage is optional and the reviewer is free to adapt them to their liking.
-
-## Package updates {#reviewing-contributions-package-updates}
-
-A package update is the most trivial and common type of pull request. These pull requests mainly consist of updating the version part of the package name and the source hash.
-
-It can happen that non-trivial updates include patches or more complex changes.
-
-Reviewing process:
-
-- Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the commit text fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the package maintainers are notified.
-  - [CODEOWNERS](https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners) will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
-- Ensure that the meta field information is correct.
-  - License can change with version updates, so it should be checked to match the upstream license.
-  - If the package has no maintainer, a maintainer must be set. This can be the update submitter or a community member that accepts to take maintainership of the package.
-- Ensure that the code contains no typos.
-- Building the package locally.
-  - pull requests are often targeted to the master or staging branch, and building the pull request locally when it is submitted can trigger many source builds.
-  - It is possible to rebase the changes on nixos-unstable or nixpkgs-unstable for easier review by running the following commands from a nixpkgs clone.
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git fetch origin nixos-unstable
-    $ git fetch origin pull/PRNUMBER/head
-    $ git rebase --onto nixos-unstable BASEBRANCH FETCH_HEAD
-    ```
-    - The first command fetches the nixos-unstable branch.
-    - The second command fetches the pull request changes, `PRNUMBER` is the number at the end of the pull request title and `BASEBRANCH` the base branch of the pull request.
-    - The third command rebases the pull request changes to the nixos-unstable branch.
-  - The [nixpkgs-review](https://github.com/Mic92/nixpkgs-review) tool can be used to review a pull request content in a single command. `PRNUMBER` should be replaced by the number at the end of the pull request title. You can also provide the full github pull request url.
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review pr PRNUMBER"
-    ```
-- Running every binary.
-
-Sample template for a package update review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] package name fits guidelines
-- [ ] package version fits guidelines
-- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] all depending packages build
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## New packages {#reviewing-contributions-new-packages}
-
-New packages are a common type of pull requests. These pull requests consists in adding a new nix-expression for a package.
-
-Review process:
-
-- Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the commit name fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the meta fields contain correct information.
-  - License must match the upstream license.
-  - Platforms should be set (or the package will not get binary substitutes).
-  - Maintainers must be set. This can be the package submitter or a community member that accepts taking up maintainership of the package.
-- Report detected typos.
-- Ensure the package source:
-  - Uses mirror URLs when available.
-  - Uses the most appropriate functions (e.g. packages from GitHub should use `fetchFromGitHub`).
-- Building the package locally.
-- Running every binary.
-
-Sample template for a new package review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] package path fits guidelines
-- [ ] package name fits guidelines
-- [ ] package version fits guidelines
-- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] `meta.description` is set and fits guidelines
-- [ ] `meta.license` fits upstream license
-- [ ] `meta.platforms` is set
-- [ ] `meta.maintainers` is set
-- [ ] build time only dependencies are declared in `nativeBuildInputs`
-- [ ] source is fetched using the appropriate function
-- [ ] phases are respected
-- [ ] patches that are remotely available are fetched with `fetchpatch`
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## Module updates {#reviewing-contributions-module-updates}
-
-Module updates are submissions changing modules in some ways. These often contains changes to the options or introduce new options.
-
-Reviewing process:
-
-- Ensure that the module maintainers are notified.
-  - [CODEOWNERS](https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/) will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
-- Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
-- Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
-  - Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, `optionSet` and `string` types are deprecated).
-  - Description, default and example should be provided.
-- Ensure that option changes are backward compatible.
-  - `mkRenamedOptionModule` and `mkAliasOptionModule` functions provide way to make option changes backward compatible.
-- Ensure that removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
-- Ensure that changes that are not backward compatible are mentioned in release notes.
-- Ensure that documentations affected by the change is updated.
-
-Sample template for a module update review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] changes are backward compatible
-- [ ] removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
-- [ ] changes that are not backward compatible are documented in release notes
-- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] options types are appropriate
-- [ ] options description is set
-- [ ] options example is provided
-- [ ] documentation affected by the changes is updated
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## New modules {#reviewing-contributions-new-modules}
-
-New modules submissions introduce a new module to NixOS.
-
-Reviewing process:
-
-- Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
-- Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
-  - Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, `optionSet` and `string` types are deprecated).
-  - Description, default and example should be provided.
-- Ensure that module `meta` field is present
-  - Maintainers should be declared in `meta.maintainers`.
-  - Module documentation should be declared with `meta.doc`.
-- Ensure that the module respect other modules functionality.
-  - For example, enabling a module should not open firewall ports by default.
-
-Sample template for a new module review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] module path fits the guidelines
-- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] options have appropriate types
-- [ ] options have default
-- [ ] options have example
-- [ ] options have descriptions
-- [ ] No unneeded package is added to environment.systemPackages
-- [ ] meta.maintainers is set
-- [ ] module documentation is declared in meta.doc
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## Other submissions {#reviewing-contributions-other-submissions}
-
-Other type of submissions requires different reviewing steps.
-
-If you consider having enough knowledge and experience in a topic and would like to be a long-term reviewer for related submissions, please contact the current reviewers for that topic. They will give you information about the reviewing process. The main reviewers for a topic can be hard to find as there is no list, but checking past pull requests to see who reviewed or git-blaming the code to see who committed to that topic can give some hints.
-
-Container system, boot system and library changes are some examples of the pull requests fitting this category.
-
-## Merging pull requests {#reviewing-contributions--merging-pull-requests}
-
-It is possible for community members that have enough knowledge and experience on a special topic to contribute by merging pull requests.
-
-<!--
-The following paragraphs about how to deal with unactive contributors is just a proposition and should be modified to what the community agrees to be the right policy.
-
-Please note that contributors with commit rights unactive for more than three months will have their commit rights revoked.
--->
-
-Please see the discussion in [GitHub nixpkgs issue #50105](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/50105) for information on how to proceed to be granted this level of access.
-
-In a case a contributor definitively leaves the Nix community, they should create an issue or post on [Discourse](https://discourse.nixos.org) with references of packages and modules they maintain so the maintainership can be taken over by other contributors.

doc/contributing/reviewing-contributions.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+        xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+        xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+        version="5.0"
+        xml:id="chap-reviewing-contributions">
+ <title>Reviewing contributions</title>
+ <warning>
+  <para>
+   The following section is a draft, and the policy for reviewing is still being discussed in issues such as <link
+	   xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/11166">#11166 </link> and <link
+	   xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/20836">#20836 </link>.
+  </para>
+ </warning>
+ <para>
+  The Nixpkgs project receives a fairly high number of contributions via GitHub pull requests. Reviewing and approving these is an important task and a way to contribute to the project.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  The high change rate of Nixpkgs makes any pull request that remains open for too long subject to conflicts that will require extra work from the submitter or the merger. Reviewing pull requests in a timely manner and being responsive to the comments is the key to avoid this issue. GitHub provides sort filters that can be used to see the <link
+  xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc">most recently</link> and the <link
+  xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-asc">least recently</link> updated pull requests. We highly encourage looking at <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+review%3Anone+status%3Asuccess+-label%3A%222.status%3A+work-in-progress%22+no%3Aproject+no%3Aassignee+no%3Amilestone"> this list of ready to merge, unreviewed pull requests</link>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  When reviewing a pull request, please always be nice and polite. Controversial changes can lead to controversial opinions, but it is important to respect every community member and their work.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  GitHub provides reactions as a simple and quick way to provide feedback to pull requests or any comments. The thumb-down reaction should be used with care and if possible accompanied with some explanation so the submitter has directions to improve their contribution.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  pull request reviews should include a list of what has been reviewed in a comment, so other reviewers and mergers can know the state of the review.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  All the review template samples provided in this section are generic and meant as examples. Their usage is optional and the reviewer is free to adapt them to their liking.
+ </para>
+ <section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-package-updates">
+  <title>Package updates</title>
+
+  <para>
+   A package update is the most trivial and common type of pull request. These pull requests mainly consist of updating the version part of the package name and the source hash.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   It can happen that non-trivial updates include patches or more complex changes.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Reviewing process:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>8.has: package (update)</literal> and any topic label that fit the updated package.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the commit text fits the guidelines.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the package maintainers are notified.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <link xlink:href="https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/">CODEOWNERS</link> will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the meta field information is correct.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       License can change with version updates, so it should be checked to match the upstream license.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       If the package has no maintainer, a maintainer must be set. This can be the update submitter or a community member that accepts to take maintainership of the package.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the code contains no typos.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Building the package locally.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       pull requests are often targeted to the master or staging branch, and building the pull request locally when it is submitted can trigger many source builds.
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is possible to rebase the changes on nixos-unstable or nixpkgs-unstable for easier review by running the following commands from a nixpkgs clone.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git fetch origin nixos-unstable <co xml:id='reviewing-rebase-2' />
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git fetch origin pull/PRNUMBER/head <co xml:id='reviewing-rebase-3' />
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git rebase --onto nixos-unstable BASEBRANCH FETCH_HEAD <co
+  xml:id='reviewing-rebase-4' />
+</screen>
+       <calloutlist>
+        <callout arearefs='reviewing-rebase-2'>
+         <para>
+          Fetching the nixos-unstable branch.
+         </para>
+        </callout>
+        <callout arearefs='reviewing-rebase-3'>
+         <para>
+          Fetching the pull request changes, <varname>PRNUMBER</varname> is the number at the end of the pull request title and <varname>BASEBRANCH</varname> the base branch of the pull request.
+         </para>
+        </callout>
+        <callout arearefs='reviewing-rebase-4'>
+         <para>
+          Rebasing the pull request changes to the nixos-unstable branch.
+         </para>
+        </callout>
+       </calloutlist>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The <link xlink:href="https://github.com/Mic92/nixpkgs-review">nixpkgs-review</link> tool can be used to review a pull request content in a single command. <varname>PRNUMBER</varname> should be replaced by the number at the end of the pull request title. You can also provide the full github pull request url.
+      </para>
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review pr PRNUMBER"
+</screen>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Running every binary.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-package-update">
+   <title>Sample template for a package update review</title>
+<screen>
+##### Reviewed points
+
+- [ ] package name fits guidelines
+- [ ] package version fits guidelines
+- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
+- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
+- [ ] all depending packages build
+
+##### Possible improvements
+
+##### Comments
+
+</screen>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-new-packages">
+  <title>New packages</title>
+
+  <para>
+   New packages are a common type of pull requests. These pull requests consists in adding a new nix-expression for a package.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Reviewing process:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>8.has: package (new)</literal> and any topic label that fit the new package.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the package versioning is fitting the guidelines.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the commit name is fitting the guidelines.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the meta field contains correct information.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       License must be checked to be fitting upstream license.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Platforms should be set or the package will not get binary substitutes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       A maintainer must be set. This can be the package submitter or a community member that accepts to take maintainership of the package.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the code contains no typos.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure the package source.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Mirrors urls should be used when available.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The most appropriate function should be used (e.g. packages from GitHub should use <literal>fetchFromGitHub</literal>).
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Building the package locally.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Running every binary.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-new-package">
+   <title>Sample template for a new package review</title>
+<screen>
+##### Reviewed points
+
+- [ ] package path fits guidelines
+- [ ] package name fits guidelines
+- [ ] package version fits guidelines
+- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
+- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
+- [ ] `meta.description` is set and fits guidelines
+- [ ] `meta.license` fits upstream license
+- [ ] `meta.platforms` is set
+- [ ] `meta.maintainers` is set
+- [ ] build time only dependencies are declared in `nativeBuildInputs`
+- [ ] source is fetched using the appropriate function
+- [ ] phases are respected
+- [ ] patches that are remotely available are fetched with `fetchpatch`
+
+##### Possible improvements
+
+##### Comments
+
+</screen>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-module-updates">
+  <title>Module updates</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Module updates are submissions changing modules in some ways. These often contains changes to the options or introduce new options.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Reviewing process
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>8.has: module (update)</literal> and any topic label that fit the module.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the module maintainers are notified.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <link xlink:href="https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/">CODEOWNERS</link> will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, <literal>optionSet</literal> and <literal>string</literal> types are deprecated).
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Description, default and example should be provided.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that option changes are backward compatible.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>mkRenamedOptionModule</literal> and <literal>mkAliasOptionModule</literal> functions provide way to make option changes backward compatible.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that removed options are declared with <literal>mkRemovedOptionModule</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that changes that are not backward compatible are mentioned in release notes.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that documentations affected by the change is updated.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-module-update">
+   <title>Sample template for a module update review</title>
+<screen>
+##### Reviewed points
+
+- [ ] changes are backward compatible
+- [ ] removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
+- [ ] changes that are not backward compatible are documented in release notes
+- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
+- [ ] options types are appropriate
+- [ ] options description is set
+- [ ] options example is provided
+- [ ] documentation affected by the changes is updated
+
+##### Possible improvements
+
+##### Comments
+
+</screen>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-new-modules">
+  <title>New modules</title>
+
+  <para>
+   New modules submissions introduce a new module to NixOS.
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>8.has: module (new)</literal> and any topic label that fit the module.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, <literal>optionSet</literal> and <literal>string</literal> types are deprecated).
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Description, default and example should be provided.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that module <literal>meta</literal> field is present
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Maintainers should be declared in <literal>meta.maintainers</literal>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Module documentation should be declared with <literal>meta.doc</literal>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ensure that the module respect other modules functionality.
+    </para>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       For example, enabling a module should not open firewall ports by default.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-new-module">
+   <title>Sample template for a new module review</title>
+<screen>
+##### Reviewed points
+
+- [ ] module path fits the guidelines
+- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
+- [ ] options have appropriate types
+- [ ] options have default
+- [ ] options have example
+- [ ] options have descriptions
+- [ ] No unneeded package is added to environment.systemPackages
+- [ ] meta.maintainers is set
+- [ ] module documentation is declared in meta.doc
+
+##### Possible improvements
+
+##### Comments
+
+</screen>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-other-submissions">
+  <title>Other submissions</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Other type of submissions requires different reviewing steps.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If you consider having enough knowledge and experience in a topic and would like to be a long-term reviewer for related submissions, please contact the current reviewers for that topic. They will give you information about the reviewing process. The main reviewers for a topic can be hard to find as there is no list, but checking past pull requests to see who reviewed or git-blaming the code to see who committed to that topic can give some hints.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Container system, boot system and library changes are some examples of the pull requests fitting this category.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="reviewing-contributions--merging-pull-requests">
+  <title>Merging pull requests</title>
+
+  <para>
+   It is possible for community members that have enough knowledge and experience on a special topic to contribute by merging pull requests.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   TODO: add the procedure to request merging rights.
+  </para>
+
+<!--
+The following paragraph about how to deal with unactive contributors is just a
+proposition and should be modified to what the community agrees to be the right
+policy.
+
+<para>Please note that contributors with commit rights unactive for more than
+  three months will have their commit rights revoked.</para>
+-->
+
+  <para>
+   In a case a contributor definitively leaves the Nix community, they should create an issue or post on <link
+   xlink:href="https://discourse.nixos.org">Discourse</link> with references of packages and modules they maintain so the maintainership can be taken over by other contributors.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing/submitting-changes.chapter.md

@@ -1,267 +0,0 @@
-# Submitting changes {#chap-submitting-changes}
-
-## Making patches {#submitting-changes-making-patches}
-
-- Read [Manual (How to write packages for Nix)](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/).
-
-- Fork [the Nixpkgs repository](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/) on GitHub.
-
-- Create a branch for your future fix.
-
-  - You can make branch from a commit of your local `nixos-version`. That will help you to avoid additional local compilations. Because you will receive packages from binary cache. For example
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ nixos-version --hash
-    0998212
-    $ git checkout 0998212
-    $ git checkout -b 'fix/pkg-name-update'
-    ```
-
-  - Please avoid working directly on the `master` branch.
-
-- Make commits of logical units.
-
-- If you removed pkgs or made some major NixOS changes, write about it in the release notes for the next stable release. For example `nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2003.xml`.
-
-- Check for unnecessary whitespace with `git diff --check` before committing.
-
-- Format the commit in a following way:
-
-  ```
-  (pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
-  Additional information.
-  ```
-
-  - Examples:
-    - `nginx: init at 2.0.1`
-    - `firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0`
-    - `nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option`
-    - `nixos/nginx: refactor config generation`
-
-- Test your changes. If you work with
-
-  - nixpkgs:
-
-    - update pkg
-      - `nix-env -i pkg-name -f <path to your local nixpkgs folder>`
-    - add pkg
-      - Make sure it’s in `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`
-      - `nix-env -i pkg-name -f <path to your local nixpkgs folder>`
-    - _If you don’t want to install pkg in you profile_.
-      - `nix-build -A pkg-attribute-name <path to your local nixpkgs folder>/default.nix` and check results in the folder `result`. It will appear in the same directory where you did `nix-build`.
-    - If you did `nix-env -i pkg-name` you can do `nix-env -e pkg-name` to uninstall it from your system.
-
-  - NixOS and its modules:
-    - You can add new module to your NixOS configuration file (usually it’s `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`). And do `sudo nixos-rebuild test -I nixpkgs=<path to your local nixpkgs folder> --fast`.
-
-- If you have commits `pkg-name: oh, forgot to insert whitespace`: squash commits in this case. Use `git rebase -i`.
-
-- [Rebase](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing) your branch against current `master`.
-
-## Submitting changes {#submitting-changes-submitting-changes}
-
-- Push your changes to your fork of nixpkgs.
-- Create the pull request
-- Follow [the contribution guidelines](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-changes).
-
-## Submitting security fixes {#submitting-changes-submitting-security-fixes}
-
-Security fixes are submitted in the same way as other changes and thus the same guidelines apply.
-
-- If a new version fixing the vulnerability has been released, update the package;
-- If the security fix comes in the form of a patch and a CVE is available, then add the patch to the Nixpkgs tree, and apply it to the package.
-  The name of the patch should be the CVE identifier, so e.g. `CVE-2019-13636.patch`; If a patch is fetched the name needs to be set as well, e.g.:
-  ```nix
-  (fetchpatch {
-    name = "CVE-2019-11068.patch";
-    url = "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/commit/e03553605b45c88f0b4b2980adfbbb8f6fca2fd6.patch";
-    sha256 = "0pkpb4837km15zgg6h57bncp66d5lwrlvkr73h0lanywq7zrwhj8";
-  })
-  ```
-
-If a security fix applies to both master and a stable release then, similar to regular changes, they are preferably delivered via master first and cherry-picked to the release branch.
-
-Critical security fixes may by-pass the staging branches and be delivered directly to release branches such as `master` and `release-*`.
-
-## Deprecating/removing packages {#submitting-changes-deprecating-packages}
-
-There is currently no policy when to remove a package.
-
-Before removing a package, one should try to find a new maintainer or fix smaller issues first.
-
-### Steps to remove a package from Nixpkgs
-
-We use jbidwatcher as an example for a discontinued project here.
-
-1. Have Nixpkgs checked out locally and up to date.
-1. Create a new branch for your change, e.g. `git checkout -b jbidwatcher`
-1. Remove the actual package including its directory, e.g. `rm -rf pkgs/applications/misc/jbidwatcher`
-1. Remove the package from the list of all packages (`pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`).
-1. Add an alias for the package name in `pkgs/top-level/aliases.nix` (There is also `pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/aliases.nix`. Package sets typically do not have aliases, so we can't add them there.)
-
-    For example in this case:
-    ```
-    jbidwatcher = throw "jbidwatcher was discontinued in march 2021"; # added 2021-03-15
-    ```
-
-    The throw message should explain in short why the package was removed for users that still have it installed.
-
-1. Test if the changes introduced any issues by running `nix-env -qaP -f . --show-trace`. It should show the list of packages without errors.
-1. Commit the changes. Explain again why the package was removed. If it was declared discontinued upstream, add a link to the source.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git add pkgs/applications/misc/jbidwatcher/default.nix pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix pkgs/top-level/aliases.nix
-    $ git commit
-    ```
-
-    Example commit message:
-
-    ```
-    jbidwatcher: remove
-
-    project was discontinued in march 2021. the program does not work anymore because ebay changed the login.
-
-    https://web.archive.org/web/20210315205723/http://www.jbidwatcher.com/
-    ```
-
-1. Push changes to your GitHub fork with `git push`
-1. Create a pull request against Nixpkgs. Mention the package maintainer.
-
-This is how the pull request looks like in this case: [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/116470](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/116470)
-
-## Pull Request Template {#submitting-changes-pull-request-template}
-
-The pull request template helps determine what steps have been made for a contribution so far, and will help guide maintainers on the status of a change. The motivation section of the PR should include any extra details the title does not address and link any existing issues related to the pull request.
-
-When a PR is created, it will be pre-populated with some checkboxes detailed below:
-
-### Tested using sandboxing {#submitting-changes-tested-with-sandbox}
-
-When sandbox builds are enabled, Nix will setup an isolated environment for each build process. It is used to remove further hidden dependencies set by the build environment to improve reproducibility. This includes access to the network during the build outside of `fetch*` functions and files outside the Nix store. Depending on the operating system access to other resources are blocked as well (ex. inter process communication is isolated on Linux); see [sandbox](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#conf-sandbox) in Nix manual for details.
-
-Sandboxing is not enabled by default in Nix due to a small performance hit on each build. In pull requests for [nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/) people are asked to test builds with sandboxing enabled (see `Tested using sandboxing` in the pull request template) because in<https://nixos.org/hydra/> sandboxing is also used.
-
-Depending if you use NixOS or other platforms you can use one of the following methods to enable sandboxing **before** building the package:
-
-- **Globally enable sandboxing on NixOS**: add the following to `configuration.nix`
-
-  ```nix
-  nix.useSandbox = true;
-  ```
-
-- **Globally enable sandboxing on non-NixOS platforms**: add the following to: `/etc/nix/nix.conf`
-
-  ```ini
-  sandbox = true
-  ```
-
-### Built on platform(s) {#submitting-changes-platform-diversity}
-
-Many Nix packages are designed to run on multiple platforms. As such, it’s important to let the maintainer know which platforms your changes have been tested on. It’s not always practical to test a change on all platforms, and is not required for a pull request to be merged. Only check the systems you tested the build on in this section.
-
-### Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside nixos/tests) {#submitting-changes-nixos-tests}
-
-Packages with automated tests are much more likely to be merged in a timely fashion because it doesn’t require as much manual testing by the maintainer to verify the functionality of the package. If there are existing tests for the package, they should be run to verify your changes do not break the tests. Tests can only be run on Linux. For more details on writing and running tests, see the [section in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests).
-
-### Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using `nixpkgs-review` {#submitting-changes-tested-compilation}
-
-If you are updating a package’s version, you can use nixpkgs-review to make sure all packages that depend on the updated package still compile correctly. The `nixpkgs-review` utility can look for and build all dependencies either based on uncommited changes with the `wip` option or specifying a github pull request number.
-
-review changes from pull request number 12345:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review pr 12345
-```
-
-review uncommitted changes:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review wip
-```
-
-review changes from last commit:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review rev HEAD
-```
-
-### Tested execution of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`) {#submitting-changes-tested-execution}
-
-It’s important to test any executables generated by a build when you change or create a package in nixpkgs. This can be done by looking in `./result/bin` and running any files in there, or at a minimum, the main executable for the package. For example, if you make a change to texlive, you probably would only check the binaries associated with the change you made rather than testing all of them.
-
-### Meets Nixpkgs contribution standards {#submitting-changes-contribution-standards}
-
-The last checkbox is fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). The contributing document has detailed information on standards the Nix community has for commit messages, reviews, licensing of contributions you make to the project, etc\... Everyone should read and understand the standards the community has for contributing before submitting a pull request.
-
-## Hotfixing pull requests {#submitting-changes-hotfixing-pull-requests}
-
-- Make the appropriate changes in you branch.
-- Don’t create additional commits, do
-  - `git rebase -i`
-  - `git push --force` to your branch.
-
-## Commit policy {#submitting-changes-commit-policy}
-
-- Commits must be sufficiently tested before being merged, both for the master and staging branches.
-- Hydra builds for master and staging should not be used as testing platform, it’s a build farm for changes that have been already tested.
-- When changing the bootloader installation process, extra care must be taken. Grub installations cannot be rolled back, hence changes may break people’s installations forever. For any non-trivial change to the bootloader please file a PR asking for review, especially from \@edolstra.
-
-```{.graphviz caption="Staging workflow"}
-digraph {
-    "small changes" [shape=none]
-    "mass-rebuilds and other large changes" [shape=none]
-    "critical security fixes" [shape=none]
-    "broken staging-next fixes" [shape=none]
-
-    "small changes" -> master
-    "mass-rebuilds and other large changes" -> staging
-    "critical security fixes" -> master
-    "broken staging-next fixes" -> "staging-next"
-
-    "staging-next" -> master [color="#E85EB0"] [label="stabilization ends"] [fontcolor="#E85EB0"]
-    "staging" -> "staging-next" [color="#E85EB0"] [label="stabilization starts"] [fontcolor="#E85EB0"]
-
-    master -> "staging-next" -> staging [color="#5F5EE8"] [label="every six hours (GitHub Action)"] [fontcolor="#5F5EE8"]
-}
-```
-
-[This GitHub Action](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/workflows/merge-staging.yml) brings changes from `master` to `staging-next` and from `staging-next` to `staging` every 6 hours.
-
-
-### Master branch {#submitting-changes-master-branch}
-
-The `master` branch is the main development branch. It should only see non-breaking commits that do not cause mass rebuilds.
-
-### Staging branch {#submitting-changes-staging-branch}
-
-The `staging` branch is a development branch where mass-rebuilds go. It should only see non-breaking mass-rebuild commits. That means it is not to be used for testing, and changes must have been well tested already. If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages.
-
-### Staging-next branch {#submitting-changes-staging-next-branch}
-
-The `staging-next` branch is for stabilizing mass-rebuilds submitted to the `staging` branch prior to merging them into `master`. Mass-rebuilds should go via the `staging` branch. It should only see non-breaking commits that are fixing issues blocking it from being merged into the `master ` branch.
-
-If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages. Stabilize it for a few days and then merge into master.
-
-### Stable release branches {#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches}
-
-For cherry-picking a commit to a stable release branch (“backporting”), use `git cherry-pick -x <original commit>` so that the original commit id is included in the commit.
-
-Add a reason for the backport by using `git cherry-pick -xe <original commit>` instead when it is not obvious from the original commit message. It is not needed when it's a minor version update that includes security and bug fixes but don't add new features or when the commit fixes an otherwise broken package.
-
-Here is an example of a cherry-picked commit message with good reason description:
-
-```
-zfs: Keep trying root import until it works
-
-Works around #11003.
-
-(cherry picked from commit 98b213a11041af39b39473906b595290e2a4e2f9)
-
-Reason: several people cannot boot with ZFS on NVMe
-```
-
-Other examples of reasons are:
-
-- Previously the build would fail due to, e.g., `getaddrinfo` not being defined
-- The previous download links were all broken
-- Crash when starting on some X11 systems

doc/contributing/submitting-changes.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-submitting-changes">
+ <title>Submitting changes</title>
+ <section xml:id="submitting-changes-making-patches">
+  <title>Making patches</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Read <link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/">Manual (How to write packages for Nix)</link>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fork <link xlink:href="https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/">the Nixpkgs repository</link> on GitHub.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Create a branch for your future fix.
+     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        You can make branch from a commit of your local <command>nixos-version</command>. That will help you to avoid additional local compilations. Because you will receive packages from binary cache. For example
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nixos-version --hash
+0998212
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git checkout 0998212
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git checkout -b 'fix/pkg-name-update'
+</screen>
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Please avoid working directly on the <command>master</command> branch.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make commits of logical units.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     If you removed pkgs or made some major NixOS changes, write about it in the release notes for the next stable release. For example <command>nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2003.xml</command>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Check for unnecessary whitespace with <command>git diff --check</command> before committing.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Format the commit in a following way:
+    </para>
+<programlisting>
+(pkg-name | nixos/&lt;module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
+Additional information.
+</programlisting>
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Examples:
+       <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <command>nginx: init at 2.0.1</command>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <command>firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0</command>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <command>nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option</command>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <command>nixos/nginx: refactor config generation</command>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </itemizedlist>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Test your changes. If you work with
+     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        nixpkgs:
+        <itemizedlist>
+         <listitem>
+          <para>
+           update pkg ->
+           <itemizedlist>
+            <listitem>
+             <para>
+              <command>nix-env -i pkg-name -f &lt;path to your local nixpkgs folder&gt;</command>
+             </para>
+            </listitem>
+           </itemizedlist>
+          </para>
+         </listitem>
+         <listitem>
+          <para>
+           add pkg ->
+           <itemizedlist>
+            <listitem>
+             <para>
+              Make sure it's in <command>pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix</command>
+             </para>
+            </listitem>
+            <listitem>
+             <para>
+              <command>nix-env -i pkg-name -f &lt;path to your local nixpkgs folder&gt;</command>
+             </para>
+            </listitem>
+           </itemizedlist>
+          </para>
+         </listitem>
+         <listitem>
+          <para>
+           <emphasis>If you don't want to install pkg in you profile</emphasis>.
+           <itemizedlist>
+            <listitem>
+             <para>
+              <command>nix-build -A pkg-attribute-name &lt;path to your local nixpkgs folder&gt;/default.nix</command> and check results in the folder <command>result</command>. It will appear in the same directory where you did <command>nix-build</command>.
+             </para>
+            </listitem>
+           </itemizedlist>
+          </para>
+         </listitem>
+         <listitem>
+          <para>
+           If you did <command>nix-env -i pkg-name</command> you can do <command>nix-env -e pkg-name</command> to uninstall it from your system.
+          </para>
+         </listitem>
+        </itemizedlist>
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        NixOS and its modules:
+        <itemizedlist>
+         <listitem>
+          <para>
+           You can add new module to your NixOS configuration file (usually it's <command>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</command>). And do <command>sudo nixos-rebuild test -I nixpkgs=&lt;path to your local nixpkgs folder&gt; --fast</command>.
+          </para>
+         </listitem>
+        </itemizedlist>
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     If you have commits <command>pkg-name: oh, forgot to insert whitespace</command>: squash commits in this case. Use <command>git rebase -i</command>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <link xlink:href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">Rebase</link> your branch against current <command>master</command>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="submitting-changes-submitting-changes">
+  <title>Submitting changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Push your changes to your fork of nixpkgs.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Create the pull request
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Follow <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-changes">the contribution guidelines</link>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="submitting-changes-submitting-security-fixes">
+  <title>Submitting security fixes</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Security fixes are submitted in the same way as other changes and thus the same guidelines apply.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If the security fix comes in the form of a patch and a CVE is available, then the name of the patch should be the CVE identifier, so e.g. <literal>CVE-2019-13636.patch</literal> in the case of a patch that is included in the Nixpkgs tree. If a patch is fetched the name needs to be set as well, e.g.:
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting>
+(fetchpatch {
+  name = "CVE-2019-11068.patch";
+  url = "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/commit/e03553605b45c88f0b4b2980adfbbb8f6fca2fd6.patch";
+  sha256 = "0pkpb4837km15zgg6h57bncp66d5lwrlvkr73h0lanywq7zrwhj8";
+})
+</programlisting>
+
+  <para>
+   If a security fix applies to both master and a stable release then, similar to regular changes, they are preferably delivered via master first and cherry-picked to the release branch.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Critical security fixes may by-pass the staging branches and be delivered directly to release branches such as <literal>master</literal> and <literal>release-*</literal>.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="submitting-changes-pull-request-template">
+  <title>Pull Request Template</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The pull request template helps determine what steps have been made for a contribution so far, and will help guide maintainers on the status of a change. The motivation section of the PR should include any extra details the title does not address and link any existing issues related to the pull request.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   When a PR is created, it will be pre-populated with some checkboxes detailed below:
+  </para>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-tested-with-sandbox">
+   <title>Tested using sandboxing</title>
+
+   <para>
+    When sandbox builds are enabled, Nix will setup an isolated environment for each build process. It is used to remove further hidden dependencies set by the build environment to improve reproducibility. This includes access to the network during the build outside of <function>fetch*</function> functions and files outside the Nix store. Depending on the operating system access to other resources are blocked as well (ex. inter process communication is isolated on Linux); see <link
+      xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#conf-sandbox">sandbox</link> in Nix manual for details.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Sandboxing is not enabled by default in Nix due to a small performance hit on each build. In pull requests for <link
+        xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/">nixpkgs</link> people are asked to test builds with sandboxing enabled (see <literal>Tested using sandboxing</literal> in the pull request template) because in<link
+        xlink:href="https://nixos.org/hydra/">https://nixos.org/hydra/</link> sandboxing is also used.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Depending if you use NixOS or other platforms you can use one of the following methods to enable sandboxing <emphasis role="bold">before</emphasis> building the package:
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <emphasis role="bold">Globally enable sandboxing on NixOS</emphasis>: add the following to <filename>configuration.nix</filename>
+<screen>nix.useSandbox = true;</screen>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <emphasis role="bold">Globally enable sandboxing on non-NixOS platforms</emphasis>: add the following to: <filename>/etc/nix/nix.conf</filename>
+<screen>sandbox = true</screen>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-platform-diversity">
+   <title>Built on platform(s)</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Many Nix packages are designed to run on multiple platforms. As such, it's important to let the maintainer know which platforms your changes have been tested on. It's not always practical to test a change on all platforms, and is not required for a pull request to be merged. Only check the systems you tested the build on in this section.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-nixos-tests">
+   <title>Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside nixos/tests)</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Packages with automated tests are much more likely to be merged in a timely fashion because it doesn't require as much manual testing by the maintainer to verify the functionality of the package. If there are existing tests for the package, they should be run to verify your changes do not break the tests. Tests only apply to packages with NixOS modules defined and can only be run on Linux. For more details on writing and running tests, see the <link
+        xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests">section in the NixOS manual</link>.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-tested-compilation">
+   <title>Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using <command>nixpkgs-review</command></title>
+
+   <para>
+    If you are updating a package's version, you can use nixpkgs-review to make sure all packages that depend on the updated package still compile correctly. The <command>nixpkgs-review</command> utility can look for and build all dependencies either based on uncommited changes with the <literal>wip</literal> option or specifying a github pull request number.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    review changes from pull request number 12345:
+    <screen>nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review pr 12345</screen>
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    review uncommitted changes:
+    <screen>nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review wip</screen>
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    review changes from last commit:
+    <screen>nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review rev HEAD</screen>
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-tested-execution">
+   <title>Tested execution of all binary files (usually in <filename>./result/bin/</filename>)</title>
+
+   <para>
+    It's important to test any executables generated by a build when you change or create a package in nixpkgs. This can be done by looking in <filename>./result/bin</filename> and running any files in there, or at a minimum, the main executable for the package. For example, if you make a change to <package>texlive</package>, you probably would only check the binaries associated with the change you made rather than testing all of them.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-contribution-standards">
+   <title>Meets Nixpkgs contribution standards</title>
+
+   <para>
+    The last checkbox is fits <link
+        xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md">CONTRIBUTING.md</link>. The contributing document has detailed information on standards the Nix community has for commit messages, reviews, licensing of contributions you make to the project, etc... Everyone should read and understand the standards the community has for contributing before submitting a pull request.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="submitting-changes-hotfixing-pull-requests">
+  <title>Hotfixing pull requests</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make the appropriate changes in you branch.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Don't create additional commits, do
+     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        <command>git rebase -i</command>
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        <command>git push --force</command> to your branch.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="submitting-changes-commit-policy">
+  <title>Commit policy</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Commits must be sufficiently tested before being merged, both for the master and staging branches.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Hydra builds for master and staging should not be used as testing platform, it's a build farm for changes that have been already tested.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     When changing the bootloader installation process, extra care must be taken. Grub installations cannot be rolled back, hence changes may break people's installations forever. For any non-trivial change to the bootloader please file a PR asking for review, especially from @edolstra.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-master-branch">
+   <title>Master branch</title>
+   <para>
+    The <literal>master</literal> branch is the main development branch.
+    It should only see non-breaking commits that do not cause mass rebuilds.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-staging-branch">
+   <title>Staging branch</title>
+   <para>
+    The <literal>staging</literal> branch is a development branch where mass-rebuilds go.
+    It should only see non-breaking mass-rebuild commits.
+    That means it is not to be used for testing, and changes must have been well tested already.
+    If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-staging-next-branch">
+   <title>Staging-next branch</title>
+   <para>
+    The <literal>staging-next</literal> branch is for stabilizing mass-rebuilds submitted to the <literal>staging</literal> branch prior to merging them into <literal>master</literal>.
+    Mass-rebuilds should go via the <literal>staging</literal> branch.
+    It should only see non-breaking commits that are fixing issues blocking it from being merged into the <literal>master </literal> branch.
+   </para>
+   <para>
+    If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages. Stabilize it for a few days and then merge into master.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="submitting-changes-stable-release-branches">
+   <title>Stable release branches</title>
+
+   <para>
+    For cherry-picking a commit to a stable release branch (<quote>backporting</quote>), use <literal>git cherry-pick -x &lt;original commit&gt;</literal> so that the original commit id is included in the commit.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Add a reason for the backport by using <literal>git cherry-pick -xe &lt;original commit&gt;</literal> instead when it is not obvious from the original commit message. It is not needed when it’s a minor version update that includes security and bug fixes but don’t add new features or when the commit fixes an otherwise broken package.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Here is an example of a cherry-picked commit message with good reason description:
+   </para>
+
+<screen>
+zfs: Keep trying root import until it works
+
+Works around #11003.
+
+(cherry picked from commit 98b213a11041af39b39473906b595290e2a4e2f9)
+
+Reason: several people cannot boot with ZFS on NVMe
+</screen>
+
+   <para>
+    Other examples of reasons are:
+   </para>
+
+   <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Previously the build would fail due to, e.g., <literal>getaddrinfo</literal> not being defined
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The previous download links were all broken
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Crash when starting on some X11 systems
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing/vulnerability-roundup.chapter.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# Vulnerability Roundup {#chap-vulnerability-roundup}
-
-## Issues {#vulnerability-roundup-issues}
-
-Vulnerable packages in Nixpkgs are managed using issues.
-Currently opened ones can be found using the following:
-
-[github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is:issue+is:open+"Vulnerability+roundup"](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+%22Vulnerability+roundup%22)
-
-Each issue correspond to a vulnerable version of a package; As a consequence:
-
-- One issue can contain several CVEs;
-- One CVE can be shared across several issues;
-- A single package can be concerned by several issues.
-
-
-A "Vulnerability roundup" issue usually respects the following format:
-
-```txt
-<link to relevant package search on search.nix.gsc.io>, <link to relevant files in Nixpkgs on GitHub>
-
-<list of related CVEs, their CVSS score, and the impacted NixOS version>
-
-<list of the scanned Nixpkgs versions>
-
-<list of relevant contributors>
-```
-
-Note that there can be an extra comment containing links to previously reported (and still open) issues for the same package.
-
-
-## Triaging and Fixing {#vulnerability-roundup-triaging-and-fixing}
-
-**Note**: An issue can be a "false positive" (i.e. automatically opened, but without the package it refers to being actually vulnerable).
-If you find such a "false positive", comment on the issue an explanation of why it falls into this category, linking as much information as the necessary to help maintainers double check.
-
-If you are investigating a "true positive":
-
-- Find the earliest patched version or a code patch in the CVE details;
-- Is the issue already patched (version up-to-date or patch applied manually) in Nixpkgs's `master` branch?
-  - **No**:
-    - [Submit a security fix](#submitting-changes-submitting-security-fixes);
-    - Once the fix is merged into `master`, [submit the change to the vulnerable release branch(es)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches);
-  - **Yes**: [Backport the change to the vulnerable release branch(es)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches).
-- When the patch has made it into all the relevant branches (`master`, and the vulnerable releases), close the relevant issue(s).

doc/default.nix

@@ -5,17 +5,9 @@ let
 in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
   name = "nixpkgs-manual";
 
-  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
-    pandoc
-    graphviz
-    libxml2
-    libxslt
-    zip
-    jing
-    xmlformat
-  ];
+  buildInputs = with pkgs; [ pandoc libxml2 libxslt zip jing  xmlformat ];
 
-  src = lib.cleanSource ./.;
+  src = ./.;
 
   postPatch = ''
     ln -s ${doc-support} ./doc-support/result
@@ -33,7 +25,4 @@ in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
     echo "doc manual $dest manual.html" >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
     echo "doc manual $dest nixpkgs-manual.epub" >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
   '';
-
-  # Environment variables
-  PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR = "${pkgs.pandoc-lua-filters}/share/pandoc/filters";
 }

doc/functions/library/asserts.xml

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ stderr> assert failed
    <title>Ensuring a user provided a possible value</title>
 <programlisting><![CDATA[
 let sslLibrary = "bearssl";
-in lib.asserts.assertOneOf "sslLibrary" sslLibrary [ "openssl" "libressl" ];
+in lib.asserts.assertOneOf "sslLibrary" sslLibrary [ "openssl" "bearssl" ];
 => false
 stderr> trace: sslLibrary must be one of "openssl", "libressl", but is: "bearssl"
         ]]></programlisting>

doc/functions/library/attrsets.xml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  <section xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.attrByPath">
   <title><function>lib.attrset.attrByPath</function></title>
 
-  <subtitle><literal>attrByPath :: [String] -> Any -> AttrSet -> Any</literal>
+  <subtitle><literal>attrByPath :: [String] -> Any -> AttrSet</literal>
   </subtitle>
 
   <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.attrByPath" />
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ lib.attrsets.mapAttrs' (name: value: lib.attrsets.nameValuePair ("foo_" + name)
   <title><function>lib.attrsets.mapAttrsToList</function></title>
 
   <subtitle><literal>mapAttrsToList :: (String -> Any -> Any) ->
-   AttrSet -> [Any]</literal>
+   AttrSet -> Any</literal>
   </subtitle>
 
   <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.mapAttrsToList" />
@@ -1677,7 +1677,8 @@ recursiveUpdate
   <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.recurseIntoAttrs" />
 
   <para>
-   Make various Nix tools consider the contents of the resulting attribute set when looking for what to build, find, etc.
+   Make various Nix tools consider the contents of the resulting
+   attribute set when looking for what to build, find, etc.
   </para>
 
   <para>
@@ -1710,42 +1711,4 @@ recursiveUpdate
   </example>
  </section>
 
- <section xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets">
-  <title><function>lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets</function></title>
-
-  <subtitle><literal>cartesianProductOfSets :: AttrSet -> [ AttrSet ]</literal>
-  </subtitle>
-
-  <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets" />
-
-  <para>
-   Return the cartesian product of attribute set value combinations.
-  </para>
-
-  <variablelist>
-   <varlistentry>
-    <term>
-     <varname>set</varname>
-    </term>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      An attribute set with attributes that carry lists of values.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </varlistentry>
-  </variablelist>
-
-  <example xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets-example">
-   <title>Creating the cartesian product of a list of attribute values</title>
-<programlisting><![CDATA[
-cartesianProductOfSets { a = [ 1 2 ]; b = [ 10 20 ]; }
-=> [
-     { a = 1; b = 10; }
-     { a = 1; b = 20; }
-     { a = 2; b = 10; }
-     { a = 2; b = 20; }
-   ]
-]]></programlisting>
-  </example>
- </section>
 </section>

doc/languages-frameworks/agda.section.md

@@ -1,115 +1,58 @@
-# Agda {#agda}
+---
+title: Agda
+author: Alex Rice (alexarice)
+date: 2020-01-06
+---
+# Agda
 
 ## How to use Agda
 
-Agda is available as the [agda](https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable&show=agda&from=0&size=30&sort=relevance&query=agda)
-package.
+Agda can be installed from `agda`:
+```
+$ nix-env -iA agda
+```
 
-The `agda` package installs an Agda-wrapper, which calls `agda` with `--library-file`
-set to a generated library-file within the nix store, this means your library-file in
-`$HOME/.agda/libraries` will be ignored. By default the agda package installs Agda
-with no libraries, i.e. the generated library-file is empty. To use Agda with libraries,
-the `agda.withPackages` function can be used. This function either takes:
+To use agda with libraries, the `agda.withPackages` function can be used. This function either takes:
++ A list of packages,
++ or a function which returns a list of packages when given the `agdaPackages` attribute set,
++ or an attribute set containing a list of packages and a GHC derivation for compilation (see below).
 
-* A list of packages,
-* or a function which returns a list of packages when given the `agdaPackages` attribute set,
-* or an attribute set containing a list of packages and a GHC derivation for compilation (see below).
-* or an attribute set containing a function which returns a list of packages when given the `agdaPackages` attribute set and a GHC derivation for compilation (see below).
+For example, suppose we wanted a version of agda which has access to the standard library. This can be obtained with the expressions:
 
-For example, suppose we wanted a version of Agda which has access to the standard library. This can be obtained with the expressions:
-
-```nix
+```
 agda.withPackages [ agdaPackages.standard-library ]
 ```
 
 or
 
-```nix
+```
 agda.withPackages (p: [ p.standard-library ])
 ```
 
 or can be called as in the [Compiling Agda](#compiling-agda) section.
 
-If you want to use a different version of a library (for instance a development version)
-override the `src` attribute of the package to point to your local repository
+If you want to use a library in your home directory (for instance if it is a development version) then typecheck it manually (using `agda.withPackages` if necessary) and then override the `src` attribute of the package to point to your local repository.
 
-```nix
-agda.withPackages (p: [
-  (p.standard-library.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
-    version = "local version";
-    src = /path/to/local/repo/agda-stdlib;
-  }))
-])
+Agda will not by default use these libraries. To tell agda to use the library we have some options:
+- Call `agda` with the library flag:
 ```
-
-You can also reference a GitHub repository
-```nix
-agda.withPackages (p: [
-  (p.standard-library.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
-    version = "1.5";
-    src =  fetchFromGitHub {
-      repo = "agda-stdlib";
-      owner = "agda";
-      rev = "v1.5";
-      sha256 = "16fcb7ssj6kj687a042afaa2gq48rc8abihpm14k684ncihb2k4w";
-    };
-  }))
-])
-```
-
-If you want to use a library not added to Nixpkgs, you can add a
-dependency to a local library by calling `agdaPackages.mkDerivation`.
-```nix
-agda.withPackages (p: [
-  (p.mkDerivation {
-    pname = "your-agda-lib";
-    version = "1.0.0";
-    src = /path/to/your-agda-lib;
-  })
-])
-```
-
-Again you can reference GitHub
-
-```nix
-agda.withPackages (p: [
-  (p.mkDerivation {
-    pname = "your-agda-lib";
-    version = "1.0.0";
-    src = fetchFromGitHub {
-      repo = "repo";
-      owner = "owner";
-      version = "...";
-      rev = "...";
-      sha256 = "...";
-    };
-  })
-])
-```
-
-See [Building Agda Packages](#building-agda-packages) for more information on `mkDerivation`.
-
-Agda will not by default use these libraries. To tell Agda to use a library we have some options:
-
-* Call `agda` with the library flag:
-```ShellSession
 $ agda -l standard-library -i . MyFile.agda
 ```
-* Write a `my-library.agda-lib` file for the project you are working on which may look like:
+- Write a `my-library.agda-lib` file for the project you are working on which may look like:
 ```
 name: my-library
 include: .
 depend: standard-library
 ```
-* Create the file `~/.agda/defaults` and add any libraries you want to use by default.
+- Create the file `~/.agda/defaults` and add any libraries you want to use by default.
 
 More information can be found in the [official Agda documentation on library management](https://agda.readthedocs.io/en/v2.6.1/tools/package-system.html).
 
 ## Compiling Agda
-Agda modules can be compiled using the GHC backend with the `--compile` flag. A version of `ghc` with `ieee754` is made available to the Agda program via the `--with-compiler` flag.
+Agda modules can be compiled with the `--compile` flag. A version of `ghc` with `ieee` is made available to the Agda program via the `--with-compiler` flag.
 This can be overridden by a different version of `ghc` as follows:
 
-```nix
+```
 agda.withPackages {
   pkgs = [ ... ];
   ghc = haskell.compiler.ghcHEAD;
@@ -117,28 +60,12 @@ agda.withPackages {
 ```
 
 ## Writing Agda packages
-To write a nix derivation for an Agda library, first check that the library has a `*.agda-lib` file.
+To write a nix derivation for an agda library, first check that the library has a `*.agda-lib` file.
 
 A derivation can then be written using `agdaPackages.mkDerivation`. This has similar arguments to `stdenv.mkDerivation` with the following additions:
-
-* `everythingFile` can be used to specify the location of the `Everything.agda` file, defaulting to `./Everything.agda`. If this file does not exist then either it should be patched in or the `buildPhase` should be overridden (see below).
-* `libraryName` should be the name that appears in the `*.agda-lib` file, defaulting to `pname`.
-* `libraryFile` should be the file name of the `*.agda-lib` file, defaulting to `${libraryName}.agda-lib`.
-
-Here is an example `default.nix`
-
-```nix
-{ nixpkgs ?  <nixpkgs> }:
-with (import nixpkgs {});
-agdaPackages.mkDerivation {
-  version = "1.0";
-  pname = "my-agda-lib";
-  src = ./.;
-  buildInputs = [
-    agdaPackages.standard-library
-  ];
-}
-```
++ `everythingFile` can be used to specify the location of the `Everything.agda` file, defaulting to `./Everything.agda`. If this file does not exist then either it should be patched in or the `buildPhase` should be overridden (see below).
++ `libraryName` should be the name that appears in the `*.agda-lib` file, defaulting to `pname`.
++ `libraryFile` should be the file name of the `*.agda-lib` file, defaulting to `${libraryName}.agda-lib`.
 
 ### Building Agda packages
 The default build phase for `agdaPackages.mkDerivation` simply runs `agda` on the `Everything.agda` file.
@@ -147,26 +74,18 @@ Additionally, a `preBuild` or `configurePhase` can be used if there are steps th
 `agda` and the Agda libraries contained in `buildInputs` are made available during the build phase.
 
 ### Installing Agda packages
-The default install phase copies Agda source files, Agda interface files (`*.agdai`) and `*.agda-lib` files to the output directory.
+The default install phase copies agda source files, agda interface files (`*.agdai`) and `*.agda-lib` files to the output directory.
 This can be overridden.
 
-By default, Agda sources are files ending on `.agda`, or literate Agda files ending on `.lagda`, `.lagda.tex`, `.lagda.org`, `.lagda.md`, `.lagda.rst`. The list of recognised Agda source extensions can be extended by setting the `extraExtensions` config variable.
+By default, agda sources are files ending on  `.agda`, or literate agda files ending on `.lagda`, `.lagda.tex`, `.lagda.org`, `.lagda.md`, `.lagda.rst`. The list of recognised agda source extensions can be extended by setting the `extraExtensions` config variable.
 
-## Adding Agda packages to Nixpkgs
-
-To add an Agda package to `nixpkgs`, the derivation should be written to `pkgs/development/libraries/agda/${library-name}/` and an entry should be added to `pkgs/top-level/agda-packages.nix`. Here it is called in a scope with access to all other Agda libraries, so the top line of the `default.nix` can look like:
-
-```nix
+To add an agda package to `nixpkgs`, the derivation should be written to `pkgs/development/libraries/agda/${library-name}/` and an entry should be added to `pkgs/top-level/agda-packages.nix`. Here it is called in a scope with access to all other agda libraries, so the top line of the `default.nix` can look like:
+```
 { mkDerivation, standard-library, fetchFromGitHub }:
 ```
+and `mkDerivation` should be called instead of `agdaPackages.mkDerivation`. Here is an example skeleton derivation for iowa-stdlib:
 
-Note that the derivation function is called with `mkDerivation` set to `agdaPackages.mkDerivation`, therefore you
-could use a similar set as in your `default.nix` from [Writing Agda Packages](#writing-agda-packages) with
-`agdaPackages.mkDerivation` replaced with `mkDerivation`.
-
-Here is an example skeleton derivation for iowa-stdlib:
-
-```nix
+```
 mkDerivation {
   version = "1.5.0";
   pname = "iowa-stdlib";
@@ -184,4 +103,4 @@ mkDerivation {
 ```
 This library has a file called `.agda-lib`, and so we give an empty string to `libraryFile` as nothing precedes `.agda-lib` in the filename. This file contains `name: IAL-1.3`, and so we let `libraryName =  "IAL-1.3"`. This library does not use an `Everything.agda` file and instead has a Makefile, so there is no need to set `everythingFile` and we set a custom `buildPhase`.
 
-When writing an Agda package it is essential to make sure that no `.agda-lib` file gets added to the store as a single file (for example by using `writeText`). This causes Agda to think that the nix store is a Agda library and it will attempt to write to it whenever it typechecks something. See [https://github.com/agda/agda/issues/4613](https://github.com/agda/agda/issues/4613).
+When writing an agda package it is essential to make sure that no `.agda-lib` file gets added to the store as a single file (for example by using `writeText`). This causes agda to think that the nix store is a agda library and it will attempt to write to it whenever it typechecks something. See [https://github.com/agda/agda/issues/4613](https://github.com/agda/agda/issues/4613).

doc/languages-frameworks/android.section.md

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-# Android {#android}
+---
+title: Android
+author: Sander van der Burg
+date: 2018-11-18
+---
+# Android
 
 The Android build environment provides three major features and a number of
 supporting features.
@@ -13,19 +18,21 @@ with import <nixpkgs> {};
 
 let
   androidComposition = androidenv.composeAndroidPackages {
-    toolsVersion = "26.1.1";
-    platformToolsVersion = "30.0.5";
-    buildToolsVersions = [ "30.0.3" ];
+    toolsVersion = "25.2.5";
+    platformToolsVersion = "27.0.1";
+    buildToolsVersions = [ "27.0.3" ];
     includeEmulator = false;
-    emulatorVersion = "30.3.4";
-    platformVersions = [ "28" "29" "30" ];
+    emulatorVersion = "27.2.0";
+    platformVersions = [ "24" ];
     includeSources = false;
+    includeDocs = false;
     includeSystemImages = false;
-    systemImageTypes = [ "google_apis_playstore" ];
-    abiVersions = [ "armeabi-v7a" "arm64-v8a" ];
-    cmakeVersions = [ "3.10.2" ];
-    includeNDK = true;
-    ndkVersions = ["22.0.7026061"];
+    systemImageTypes = [ "default" ];
+    abiVersions = [ "armeabi-v7a" ];
+    lldbVersions = [ "2.0.2558144" ];
+    cmakeVersions = [ "3.6.4111459" ];
+    includeNDK = false;
+    ndkVersion = "16.1.4479499";
     useGoogleAPIs = false;
     useGoogleTVAddOns = false;
     includeExtras = [
@@ -44,19 +51,17 @@ The following parameters are supported:
 
 * `toolsVersion`, specifies the version of the tools package to use
 * `platformsToolsVersion` specifies the version of the `platform-tools` plugin
-* `buildToolsVersions` specifies the versions of the `build-tools` plugins to
+* `buildToolsVersion` specifies the versions of the `build-tools` plugins to
   use.
 * `includeEmulator` specifies whether to deploy the emulator package (`false`
   by default). When enabled, the version of the emulator to deploy can be
   specified by setting the `emulatorVersion` parameter.
+* `includeDocs` specifies whether the documentation catalog should be included.
+* `lldbVersions` specifies what LLDB versions should be deployed.
 * `cmakeVersions` specifies which CMake versions should be deployed.
 * `includeNDK` specifies that the Android NDK bundle should be included.
   Defaults to: `false`.
-* `ndkVersions` specifies the NDK versions that we want to use. These are linked
-  under the `ndk` directory of the SDK root, and the first is linked under the
-  `ndk-bundle` directory.
-* `ndkVersion` is equivalent to specifying one entry in `ndkVersions`, and
-  `ndkVersions` overrides this parameter if provided.
+* `ndkVersion` specifies the NDK version that we want to use.
 * `includeExtras` is an array of identifier strings referring to arbitrary
   add-on packages that should be installed.
 * `platformVersions` specifies which platform SDK versions should be included.
@@ -82,38 +87,6 @@ For each requested system image we can specify the following options:
 
 Most of the function arguments have reasonable default settings.
 
-You can specify license names:
-
-* `extraLicenses` is a list of license names.
-  You can get these names from repo.json or `querypackages.sh licenses`. The SDK
-  license (`android-sdk-license`) is accepted for you if you set accept_license
-  to true. If you are doing something like working with preview SDKs, you will
-  want to add `android-sdk-preview-license` or whichever license applies here.
-
-Additionally, you can override the repositories that composeAndroidPackages will
-pull from:
-
-* `repoJson` specifies a path to a generated repo.json file. You can generate this
-  by running `generate.sh`, which in turn will call into `mkrepo.rb`.
-* `repoXmls` is an attribute set containing paths to repo XML files. If specified,
-  it takes priority over `repoJson`, and will trigger a local build writing out a
-  repo.json to the Nix store based on the given repository XMLs.
-
-```nix
-repoXmls = {
-  packages = [ ./xml/repository2-1.xml ];
-  images = [
-    ./xml/android-sys-img2-1.xml
-    ./xml/android-tv-sys-img2-1.xml
-    ./xml/android-wear-sys-img2-1.xml
-    ./xml/android-wear-cn-sys-img2-1.xml
-    ./xml/google_apis-sys-img2-1.xml
-    ./xml/google_apis_playstore-sys-img2-1.xml
-  ];
-  addons = [ ./xml/addon2-1.xml ];
-};
-```
-
 When building the above expression with:
 
 ```bash
@@ -136,8 +109,8 @@ in
 androidComposition.platform-tools
 ```
 
-Using predefined Android package compositions
----------------------------------------------
+Using predefine Android package compositions
+--------------------------------------------
 In addition to composing an Android package set manually, it is also possible
 to use a predefined composition that contains all basic packages for a specific
 Android version, such as version 9.0 (API-level 28).
@@ -241,104 +214,27 @@ androidenv.emulateApp {
 In addition to prebuilt APKs, you can also bind the APK parameter to a
 `buildApp {}` function invocation shown in the previous example.
 
-Notes on environment variables in Android projects
---------------------------------------------------
-* `ANDROID_SDK_ROOT` should point to the Android SDK. In your Nix expressions, this should be
-  `${androidComposition.androidsdk}/libexec/android-sdk`. Note that `ANDROID_HOME` is deprecated,
-  but if you rely on tools that need it, you can export it too.
-* `ANDROID_NDK_ROOT` should point to the Android NDK, if you're doing NDK development.
-  In your Nix expressions, this should be `${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk-bundle`.
-
-If you are running the Android Gradle plugin, you need to export GRADLE_OPTS to override aapt2
-to point to the aapt2 binary in the Nix store as well, or use a FHS environment so the packaged
-aapt2 can run. If you don't want to use a FHS environment, something like this should work:
-
-```nix
-let
-  buildToolsVersion = "30.0.3";
-
-  # Use buildToolsVersion when you define androidComposition
-  androidComposition = <...>;
-in
-pkgs.mkShell rec {
-  ANDROID_SDK_ROOT = "${androidComposition.androidsdk}/libexec/android-sdk";
-  ANDROID_NDK_ROOT = "${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk-bundle";
-
-  # Use the same buildToolsVersion here
-  GRADLE_OPTS = "-Dorg.gradle.project.android.aapt2FromMavenOverride=${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/build-tools/${buildToolsVersion}/aapt2";
-}
-```
-
-If you are using cmake, you need to add it to PATH in a shell hook or FHS env profile.
-The path is suffixed with a build number, but properly prefixed with the version.
-So, something like this should suffice:
-
-```nix
-let
-  cmakeVersion = "3.10.2";
-
-  # Use cmakeVersion when you define androidComposition
-  androidComposition = <...>;
-in
-pkgs.mkShell rec {
-  ANDROID_SDK_ROOT = "${androidComposition.androidsdk}/libexec/android-sdk";
-  ANDROID_NDK_ROOT = "${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk-bundle";
-
-  # Use the same cmakeVersion here
-  shellHook = ''
-    export PATH="$(echo "$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmake/${cmakeVersion}".*/bin):$PATH"
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-Note that running Android Studio with ANDROID_SDK_ROOT set will automatically write a
-`local.properties` file with `sdk.dir` set to $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT if one does not already
-exist. If you are using the NDK as well, you may have to add `ndk.dir` to this file.
-
-An example shell.nix that does all this for you is provided in examples/shell.nix.
-This shell.nix includes a shell hook that overwrites local.properties with the correct
-sdk.dir and ndk.dir values. This will ensure that the SDK and NDK directories will
-both be correct when you run Android Studio inside nix-shell.
-
-Notes on improving build.gradle compatibility
----------------------------------------------
-Ensure that your buildToolsVersion and ndkVersion match what is declared in androidenv.
-If you are using cmake, make sure its declared version is correct too.
-
-Otherwise, you may get cryptic errors from aapt2 and the Android Gradle plugin warning
-that it cannot install the build tools because the SDK directory is not writeable.
-
-```gradle
-android {
-    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
-    ndkVersion = "22.0.7026061"
-    externalNativeBuild {
-        cmake {
-            version "3.10.2"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-```
-
 Querying the available versions of each plugin
 ----------------------------------------------
-repo.json provides all the options in one file now.
+When using any of the previously shown functions, it may be a bit inconvenient
+to find out what options are supported, since the Android SDK provides many
+plugins.
 
-A shell script in the `pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/` subdirectory can be used to retrieve all
+A shell script in the `pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/` sub directory can be used to retrieve all
 possible options:
 
 ```bash
-./querypackages.sh packages
+sh ./querypackages.sh packages build-tools
 ```
 
-The above command-line instruction queries all package versions in repo.json.
+The above command-line instruction queries all build-tools versions in the
+generated `packages.nix` expression.
 
 Updating the generated expressions
 ----------------------------------
-repo.json is generated from XML files that the Android Studio package manager uses.
-To update the expressions run the `generate.sh` script that is stored in the
-`pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/` subdirectory:
+Most of the Nix expressions are generated from XML files that the Android
+package manager uses. To update the expressions run the `generate.sh` script
+that is stored in the `pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/` sub directory:
 
 ```bash
 ./generate.sh

doc/languages-frameworks/beam.section.md

@@ -1,289 +0,0 @@
-# BEAM Languages (Erlang, Elixir & LFE) {#sec-beam}
-
-## Introduction {#beam-introduction}
-
-In this document and related Nix expressions, we use the term, _BEAM_, to describe the environment. BEAM is the name of the Erlang Virtual Machine and, as far as we're concerned, from a packaging perspective, all languages that run on the BEAM are interchangeable. That which varies, like the build system, is transparent to users of any given BEAM package, so we make no distinction.
-
-## Structure {#beam-structure}
-
-All BEAM-related expressions are available via the top-level `beam` attribute, which includes:
-
-- `interpreters`: a set of compilers running on the BEAM, including multiple Erlang/OTP versions (`beam.interpreters.erlangR22`, etc), Elixir (`beam.interpreters.elixir`) and LFE (Lisp Flavoured Erlang) (`beam.interpreters.lfe`).
-
-- `packages`: a set of package builders (Mix and rebar3), each compiled with a specific Erlang/OTP version, e.g. `beam.packages.erlang22`.
-
-The default Erlang compiler, defined by `beam.interpreters.erlang`, is aliased as `erlang`. The default BEAM package set is defined by `beam.packages.erlang` and aliased at the top level as `beamPackages`.
-
-To create a package builder built with a custom Erlang version, use the lambda, `beam.packagesWith`, which accepts an Erlang/OTP derivation and produces a package builder similar to `beam.packages.erlang`.
-
-Many Erlang/OTP distributions available in `beam.interpreters` have versions with ODBC and/or Java enabled or without wx (no observer support). For example, there's `beam.interpreters.erlangR22_odbc_javac`, which corresponds to `beam.interpreters.erlangR22` and `beam.interpreters.erlangR22_nox`, which corresponds to `beam.interpreters.erlangR22`.
-
-## Build Tools {#build-tools}
-
-### Rebar3 {#build-tools-rebar3}
-
-We provide a version of Rebar3, under `rebar3`. We also provide a helper to fetch Rebar3 dependencies from a lockfile under `fetchRebar3Deps`.
-
-We also provide a version on Rebar3 with plugins included, under `rebar3WithPlugins`. This package is a function which takes two arguments: `plugins`, a list of nix derivations to include as plugins (loaded only when specified in `rebar.config`), and `globalPlugins`, which should always be loaded by rebar3. Example: `rebar3WithPlugins { globalPlugins = [beamPackages.pc]; }`.
-
-When adding a new plugin it is important that the `packageName` attribute is the same as the atom used by rebar3 to refer to the plugin.
-
-### Mix & Erlang.mk {#build-tools-other}
-
-Erlang.mk works exactly as expected. There is a bootstrap process that needs to be run, which is supported by the `buildErlangMk` derivation.
-
-For Elixir applications use `mixRelease` to make a release. See examples for more details.
-
-There is also a `buildMix` helper, whose behavior is closer to that of `buildErlangMk` and `buildRebar3`. The primary difference is that mixRelease makes a release, while buildMix only builds the package, making it useful for libraries and other dependencies.
-
-## How to Install BEAM Packages {#how-to-install-beam-packages}
-
-BEAM builders are not registered at the top level, simply because they are not relevant to the vast majority of Nix users. To install any of those builders into your profile, refer to them by their attribute path `beamPackages.rebar3`:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA beamPackages.rebar3
-```
-
-## Packaging BEAM Applications {#packaging-beam-applications}
-
-### Erlang Applications {#packaging-erlang-applications}
-
-#### Rebar3 Packages {#rebar3-packages}
-
-The Nix function, `buildRebar3`, defined in `beam.packages.erlang.buildRebar3` and aliased at the top level, can be used to build a derivation that understands how to build a Rebar3 project.
-
-If a package needs to compile native code via Rebar3's port compilation mechanism, add `compilePort = true;` to the derivation.
-
-#### Erlang.mk Packages {#erlang-mk-packages}
-
-Erlang.mk functions similarly to Rebar3, except we use `buildErlangMk` instead of `buildRebar3`.
-
-#### Mix Packages {#mix-packages}
-
-`mixRelease` is used to make a release in the mix sense. Dependencies will need to be fetched with `fetchMixDeps` and passed to it.
-
-#### mixRelease - Elixir Phoenix example
-
-Here is how your `default.nix` file would look.
-
-```nix
-with import <nixpkgs> { };
-
-let
-  packages = beam.packagesWith beam.interpreters.erlang;
-  src = builtins.fetchgit {
-    url = "ssh://git@github.com/your_id/your_repo";
-    rev = "replace_with_your_commit";
-  };
-
-  pname = "your_project";
-  version = "0.0.1";
-  mixEnv = "prod";
-
-  mixDeps = packages.fetchMixDeps {
-    pname = "mix-deps-${pname}";
-    inherit src mixEnv version;
-    # nix will complain and tell you the right value to replace this with
-    sha256 = lib.fakeSha256;
-    # if you have build time environment variables add them here
-    MY_ENV_VAR="my_value";
-  };
-
-  nodeDependencies = (pkgs.callPackage ./assets/default.nix { }).shell.nodeDependencies;
-
-  frontEndFiles = stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation {
-    pname = "frontend-${pname}";
-
-    nativeBuildInputs = [ nodejs ];
-
-    inherit version src;
-
-    buildPhase = ''
-      cp -r ./assets $TEMPDIR
-
-      mkdir -p $TEMPDIR/assets/node_modules/.cache
-      cp -r ${nodeDependencies}/lib/node_modules $TEMPDIR/assets
-      export PATH="${nodeDependencies}/bin:$PATH"
-
-      cd $TEMPDIR/assets
-      webpack --config ./webpack.config.js
-      cd ..
-    '';
-
-    installPhase = ''
-      cp -r ./priv/static $out/
-    '';
-
-    outputHashAlgo = "sha256";
-    outputHashMode = "recursive";
-    # nix will complain and tell you the right value to replace this with
-    outputHash = lib.fakeSha256;
-
-    impureEnvVars = lib.fetchers.proxyImpureEnvVars;
-  };
-
-
-in packages.mixRelease {
-  inherit src pname version mixEnv mixDeps;
-  # if you have build time environment variables add them here
-  MY_ENV_VAR="my_value";
-  preInstall = ''
-    mkdir -p ./priv/static
-    cp -r ${frontEndFiles} ./priv/static
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-Setup will require the following steps:
-
-- Move your secrets to runtime environment variables. For more information refer to the [runtime.exs docs](https://hexdocs.pm/mix/Mix.Tasks.Release.html#module-runtime-configuration). On a fresh Phoenix build that would mean that both `DATABASE_URL` and `SECRET_KEY` need to be moved to `runtime.exs`.
-- `cd assets` and `nix-shell -p node2nix --run node2nix --development` will generate a Nix expression containing your frontend dependencies
-- commit and push those changes
-- you can now `nix-build .`
-- To run the release, set the `RELEASE_TMP` environment variable to a directory that your program has write access to. It will be used to store the BEAM settings.
-
-#### Example of creating a service for an Elixir - Phoenix project
-
-In order to create a service with your release, you could add a `service.nix`
-in your project with the following
-
-```nix
-{config, pkgs, lib, ...}:
-
-let
-  release = pkgs.callPackage ./default.nix;
-  release_name = "app";
-  working_directory = "/home/app";
-in
-{
-  systemd.services.${release_name} = {
-    wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-    after = [ "network.target" "postgresql.service" ];
-    requires = [ "network-online.target" "postgresql.service" ];
-    description = "my app";
-    environment = {
-      # RELEASE_TMP is used to write the state of the
-      # VM configuration when the system is running
-      # it needs to be a writable directory
-      RELEASE_TMP = working_directory;
-      # can be generated in an elixir console with
-      # Base.encode32(:crypto.strong_rand_bytes(32))
-      RELEASE_COOKIE = "my_cookie";
-      MY_VAR = "my_var";
-    };
-    serviceConfig = {
-      Type = "exec";
-      DynamicUser = true;
-      WorkingDirectory = working_directory;
-      # Implied by DynamicUser, but just to emphasize due to RELEASE_TMP
-      PrivateTmp = true;
-      ExecStart = ''
-        ${release}/bin/${release_name} start
-      '';
-      ExecStop = ''
-        ${release}/bin/${release_name} stop
-      '';
-      ExecReload = ''
-        ${release}/bin/${release_name} restart
-      '';
-      Restart = "on-failure";
-      RestartSec = 5;
-      StartLimitBurst = 3;
-      StartLimitInterval = 10;
-    };
-    # disksup requires bash
-    path = [ pkgs.bash ];
-  };
-
-  environment.systemPackages = [ release ];
-}
-```
-
-## How to Develop {#how-to-develop}
-
-### Creating a Shell {#creating-a-shell}
-
-Usually, we need to create a `shell.nix` file and do our development inside of the environment specified therein. Just install your version of Erlang and any other interpreters, and then use your normal build tools. As an example with Elixir:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import "<nixpkgs"> {} }:
-
-with pkgs;
-
-let
-
-  elixir = beam.packages.erlangR22.elixir_1_9;
-
-in
-mkShell {
-  buildInputs = [ elixir ];
-
-  ERL_INCLUDE_PATH="${erlang}/lib/erlang/usr/include";
-}
-```
-
-#### Elixir - Phoenix project
-
-Here is an example `shell.nix`.
-
-```nix
-with import <nixpkgs> { };
-
-let
-  # define packages to install
-  basePackages = [
-    git
-    # replace with beam.packages.erlang.elixir_1_11 if you need
-    beam.packages.erlang.elixir
-    nodejs
-    postgresql_13
-    # only used for frontend dependencies
-    # you are free to use yarn2nix as well
-    nodePackages.node2nix
-    # formatting js file
-    nodePackages.prettier
-  ];
-
-  inputs = basePackages ++ lib.optionals stdenv.isLinux [ inotify-tools ]
-    ++ lib.optionals stdenv.isDarwin
-    (with darwin.apple_sdk.frameworks; [ CoreFoundation CoreServices ]);
-
-  # define shell startup command
-  hooks = ''
-    # this allows mix to work on the local directory
-    mkdir -p .nix-mix .nix-hex
-    export MIX_HOME=$PWD/.nix-mix
-    export HEX_HOME=$PWD/.nix-mix
-    export PATH=$MIX_HOME/bin:$HEX_HOME/bin:$PATH
-    # TODO: not sure how to make hex available without installing it afterwards.
-    mix local.hex --if-missing
-    export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
-    export ERL_AFLAGS="-kernel shell_history enabled"
-
-    # postges related
-    # keep all your db data in a folder inside the project
-    export PGDATA="$PWD/db"
-
-    # phoenix related env vars
-    export POOL_SIZE=15
-    export DB_URL="postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/db"
-    export PORT=4000
-    export MIX_ENV=dev
-    # add your project env vars here, word readable in the nix store.
-    export ENV_VAR="your_env_var"
-  '';
-
-in mkShell {
-  buildInputs = inputs;
-  shellHook = hooks;
-}
-```
-
-Initializing the project will require the following steps:
-
-- create the db directory `initdb ./db` (inside your mix project folder)
-- create the postgres user `createuser postgres -ds`
-- create the db `createdb db`
-- start the postgres instance `pg_ctl -l "$PGDATA/server.log" start`
-- add the `/db` folder to your `.gitignore`
-- you can start your phoenix server and get a shell with `iex -S mix phx.server`

doc/languages-frameworks/beam.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-beam">
+ <title>BEAM Languages (Erlang, Elixir &amp; LFE)</title>
+
+ <section xml:id="beam-introduction">
+  <title>Introduction</title>
+
+  <para>
+   In this document and related Nix expressions, we use the term, <emphasis>BEAM</emphasis>, to describe the environment. BEAM is the name of the Erlang Virtual Machine and, as far as we're concerned, from a packaging perspective, all languages that run on the BEAM are interchangeable. That which varies, like the build system, is transparent to users of any given BEAM package, so we make no distinction.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="beam-structure">
+  <title>Structure</title>
+
+  <para>
+   All BEAM-related expressions are available via the top-level <literal>beam</literal> attribute, which includes:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>interpreters</literal>: a set of compilers running on the BEAM, including multiple Erlang/OTP versions (<literal>beam.interpreters.erlangR19</literal>, etc), Elixir (<literal>beam.interpreters.elixir</literal>) and LFE (<literal>beam.interpreters.lfe</literal>).
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>packages</literal>: a set of package builders (Mix and rebar3), each compiled with a specific Erlang/OTP version, e.g. <literal>beam.packages.erlangR19</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   The default Erlang compiler, defined by <literal>beam.interpreters.erlang</literal>, is aliased as <literal>erlang</literal>. The default BEAM package set is defined by <literal>beam.packages.erlang</literal> and aliased at the top level as <literal>beamPackages</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To create a package builder built with a custom Erlang version, use the lambda, <literal>beam.packagesWith</literal>, which accepts an Erlang/OTP derivation and produces a package builder similar to <literal>beam.packages.erlang</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Many Erlang/OTP distributions available in <literal>beam.interpreters</literal> have versions with ODBC and/or Java enabled or without wx (no observer support). For example, there's <literal>beam.interpreters.erlangR22_odbc_javac</literal>, which corresponds to <literal>beam.interpreters.erlangR22</literal> and <literal>beam.interpreters.erlangR22_nox</literal>, which corresponds to <literal>beam.interpreters.erlangR22</literal>.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="build-tools">
+  <title>Build Tools</title>
+
+  <section xml:id="build-tools-rebar3">
+   <title>Rebar3</title>
+
+   <para>
+    We provide a version of Rebar3, under <literal>rebar3</literal>. We also provide a helper to fetch Rebar3 dependencies from a lockfile under <literal>fetchRebar3Deps</literal>.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="build-tools-other">
+   <title>Mix &amp; Erlang.mk</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Both Mix and Erlang.mk work exactly as expected. There is a bootstrap process that needs to be run for both, however, which is supported by the <literal>buildMix</literal> and <literal>buildErlangMk</literal> derivations, respectively.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="how-to-install-beam-packages">
+  <title>How to Install BEAM Packages</title>
+
+  <para>
+   BEAM builders are not registered at the top level, simply because they are not relevant to the vast majority of Nix users.
+   To install any of those builders into your profile, refer to them by their attribute path <literal>beamPackages.rebar3</literal>:
+  </para>
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-env -f &quot;&lt;nixpkgs&gt;&quot; -iA beamPackages.rebar3
+</screen>
+</section>
+
+ <section xml:id="packaging-beam-applications">
+  <title>Packaging BEAM Applications</title>
+
+  <section  xml:id="packaging-erlang-applications">
+   <title>Erlang Applications</title>
+
+   <section xml:id="rebar3-packages">
+    <title>Rebar3 Packages</title>
+
+    <para>
+     The Nix function, <literal>buildRebar3</literal>, defined in <literal>beam.packages.erlang.buildRebar3</literal> and aliased at the top level, can be used to build a derivation that understands how to build a Rebar3 project.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+     If a package needs to compile native code via Rebar3's port compilation mechanism, add <literal>compilePort = true;</literal> to the derivation.
+    </para>
+   </section>
+
+   <section xml:id="erlang-mk-packages">
+    <title>Erlang.mk Packages</title>
+
+    <para>
+     Erlang.mk functions similarly to Rebar3, except we use <literal>buildErlangMk</literal> instead of <literal>buildRebar3</literal>.
+    </para>
+
+   </section>
+
+   <section xml:id="mix-packages">
+    <title>Mix Packages</title>
+
+    <para>
+     Mix functions similarly to Rebar3, except we use <literal>buildMix</literal> instead of <literal>buildRebar3</literal>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+     Alternatively, we can use <literal>buildHex</literal> as a shortcut:
+    </para>
+   </section>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="how-to-develop">
+  <title>How to Develop</title>
+
+  <section xml:id="creating-a-shell">
+   <title>Creating a Shell</title>
+
+  <para>
+    Usually, we need to create a <literal>shell.nix</literal> file and do our development inside of the environment specified therein. Just install your version of erlang and other interpreter, and then user your normal build tools.
+    As an example with elixir:
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting>
+{ pkgs ? import &quot;&lt;nixpkgs&quot;&gt; {} }:
+
+with pkgs;
+
+let
+
+  elixir = beam.packages.erlangR22.elixir_1_9;
+
+in
+mkShell {
+  buildInputs = [ elixir ];
+
+  ERL_INCLUDE_PATH="${erlang}/lib/erlang/usr/include";
+}
+</programlisting>
+
+   <section xml:id="building-in-a-shell">
+    <title>Building in a Shell (for Mix Projects)</title>
+
+    <para>
+     Using a <literal>shell.nix</literal> as described (see <xref
+      linkend="creating-a-shell"/>) should just work.
+    </para>
+   </section>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/languages-frameworks/bower.section.md

@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-# Bower {#sec-bower}
-
-[Bower](https://bower.io) is a package manager for web site front-end components. Bower packages (comprising of build artefacts and sometimes sources) are stored in `git` repositories, typically on Github. The package registry is run by the Bower team with package metadata coming from the `bower.json` file within each package.
-
-The end result of running Bower is a `bower_components` directory which can be included in the web app's build process.
-
-Bower can be run interactively, by installing `nodePackages.bower`. More interestingly, the Bower components can be declared in a Nix derivation, with the help of `nodePackages.bower2nix`.
-
-## bower2nix usage {#ssec-bower2nix-usage}
-
-Suppose you have a `bower.json` with the following contents:
-
-### Example bower.json {#ex-bowerJson}
-
-```json
-  "name": "my-web-app",
-  "dependencies": {
-    "angular": "~1.5.0",
-    "bootstrap": "~3.3.6"
-  }
-```
-
-Running `bower2nix` will produce something like the following output:
-
-```nix
-{ fetchbower, buildEnv }:
-buildEnv { name = "bower-env"; ignoreCollisions = true; paths = [
-  (fetchbower "angular" "1.5.3" "~1.5.0" "1749xb0firxdra4rzadm4q9x90v6pzkbd7xmcyjk6qfza09ykk9y")
-  (fetchbower "bootstrap" "3.3.6" "~3.3.6" "1vvqlpbfcy0k5pncfjaiskj3y6scwifxygfqnw393sjfxiviwmbv")
-  (fetchbower "jquery" "2.2.2" "1.9.1 - 2" "10sp5h98sqwk90y4k6hbdviwqzvzwqf47r3r51pakch5ii2y7js1")
-];
-```
-
-Using the `bower2nix` command line arguments, the output can be redirected to a file. A name like `bower-packages.nix` would be fine.
-
-The resulting derivation is a union of all the downloaded Bower packages (and their dependencies). To use it, they still need to be linked together by Bower, which is where `buildBowerComponents` is useful.
-
-## buildBowerComponents function {#ssec-build-bower-components}
-
-The function is implemented in [pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix).
-
-### Example buildBowerComponents {#ex-buildBowerComponents}
-
-```{=docbook}
-<programlisting language="nix">
-bowerComponents = buildBowerComponents {
-  name = "my-web-app";
-  generated = ./bower-packages.nix; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-1" />
-  src = myWebApp; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-2" />
-};
-</programlisting>
-```
-
-In ["buildBowerComponents" example](#ex-buildBowerComponents) the following arguments are of special significance to the function:
-
-```{=docbook}
-<calloutlist>
-  <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-1">
-    <para>
-      <varname>generated</varname> specifies the file which was created by <command>bower2nix</command>.
-    </para>
-    </callout>
-      <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-2">
-    <para>
-      <varname>src</varname> is your project's sources. It needs to contain a <filename>bower.json</filename> file.
-    </para>
-  </callout>
-</calloutlist>
-```
-
-`buildBowerComponents` will run Bower to link together the output of `bower2nix`, resulting in a `bower_components` directory which can be used.
-
-Here is an example of a web frontend build process using `gulp`. You might use `grunt`, or anything else.
-
-### Example build script (gulpfile.js) {#ex-bowerGulpFile}
-
-```javascript
-var gulp = require('gulp');
-
-gulp.task('default', [], function () {
-  gulp.start('build');
-});
-
-gulp.task('build', [], function () {
-  console.log("Just a dummy gulp build");
-  gulp
-    .src(["./bower_components/**/*"])
-    .pipe(gulp.dest("./gulpdist/"));
-});
-```
-
-### Example Full example — default.nix {#ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix}
-
-```{=docbook}
-<programlisting language="nix">
-{ myWebApp ? { outPath = ./.; name = "myWebApp"; }
-, pkgs ? import &lt;nixpkgs&gt; {}
-}:
-
-pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "my-web-app-frontend";
-  src = myWebApp;
-
-  buildInputs = [ pkgs.nodePackages.gulp ];
-
-  bowerComponents = pkgs.buildBowerComponents { <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1" />
-    name = "my-web-app";
-    generated = ./bower-packages.nix;
-    src = myWebApp;
-  };
-
-  buildPhase = ''
-    cp --reflink=auto --no-preserve=mode -R $bowerComponents/bower_components . <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2" />
-    export HOME=$PWD <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3" />
-    ${pkgs.nodePackages.gulp}/bin/gulp build <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4" />
-  '';
-
-  installPhase = "mv gulpdist $out";
-}
-</programlisting>
-```
-
-A few notes about [Full example — `default.nix`](#ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix):
-
-```{=docbook}
-<calloutlist>
-  <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1">
-    <para>
-      The result of <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> is an input to the frontend build.
-    </para>
-  </callout>
-  <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2">
-    <para>
-      Whether to symlink or copy the <filename>bower_components</filename> directory depends on the build tool in use. In this case a copy is used to avoid <command>gulp</command> silliness with permissions.
-    </para>
-  </callout>
-  <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3">
-    <para>
-      <command>gulp</command> requires <varname>HOME</varname> to refer to a writeable directory.
-    </para>
-  </callout>
-  <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4">
-    <para>
-      The actual build command. Other tools could be used.
-    </para>
-  </callout>
-</calloutlist>
-```
-
-## Troubleshooting {#ssec-bower2nix-troubleshooting}
-
-### ENOCACHE errors from buildBowerComponents
-
-This means that Bower was looking for a package version which doesn't exist in the generated `bower-packages.nix`.
-
-If `bower.json` has been updated, then run `bower2nix` again.
-
-It could also be a bug in `bower2nix` or `fetchbower`. If possible, try reformulating the version specification in `bower.json`.

doc/languages-frameworks/bower.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="sec-bower">
+ <title>Bower</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <link xlink:href="http://bower.io">Bower</link> is a package manager for web site front-end components. Bower packages (comprising of build artefacts and sometimes sources) are stored in <command>git</command> repositories, typically on Github. The package registry is run by the Bower team with package metadata coming from the <filename>bower.json</filename> file within each package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  The end result of running Bower is a <filename>bower_components</filename> directory which can be included in the web app's build process.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Bower can be run interactively, by installing <varname>nodePackages.bower</varname>. More interestingly, the Bower components can be declared in a Nix derivation, with the help of <varname>nodePackages.bower2nix</varname>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-bower2nix-usage">
+  <title><command>bower2nix</command> usage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Suppose you have a <filename>bower.json</filename> with the following contents:
+   <example xml:id="ex-bowerJson">
+    <title><filename>bower.json</filename></title>
+<programlisting language="json">
+<![CDATA[{
+  "name": "my-web-app",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "angular": "~1.5.0",
+    "bootstrap": "~3.3.6"
+  }
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+   </example>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Running <command>bower2nix</command> will produce something like the following output:
+<programlisting language="nix">
+<![CDATA[{ fetchbower, buildEnv }:
+buildEnv { name = "bower-env"; ignoreCollisions = true; paths = [
+  (fetchbower "angular" "1.5.3" "~1.5.0" "1749xb0firxdra4rzadm4q9x90v6pzkbd7xmcyjk6qfza09ykk9y")
+  (fetchbower "bootstrap" "3.3.6" "~3.3.6" "1vvqlpbfcy0k5pncfjaiskj3y6scwifxygfqnw393sjfxiviwmbv")
+  (fetchbower "jquery" "2.2.2" "1.9.1 - 2" "10sp5h98sqwk90y4k6hbdviwqzvzwqf47r3r51pakch5ii2y7js1")
+]; }]]>
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Using the <command>bower2nix</command> command line arguments, the output can be redirected to a file. A name like <filename>bower-packages.nix</filename> would be fine.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The resulting derivation is a union of all the downloaded Bower packages (and their dependencies). To use it, they still need to be linked together by Bower, which is where <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> is useful.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-build-bower-components">
+  <title><varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> function</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The function is implemented in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix"> <filename>pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix</filename></link>. Example usage:
+   <example xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents">
+    <title>buildBowerComponents</title>
+<programlisting language="nix">
+bowerComponents = buildBowerComponents {
+  name = "my-web-app";
+  generated = ./bower-packages.nix; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-1" />
+  src = myWebApp; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-2" />
+};
+</programlisting>
+   </example>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In <xref linkend="ex-buildBowerComponents" />, the following arguments are of special significance to the function:
+   <calloutlist>
+    <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-1">
+     <para>
+      <varname>generated</varname> specifies the file which was created by <command>bower2nix</command>.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-2">
+     <para>
+      <varname>src</varname> is your project's sources. It needs to contain a <filename>bower.json</filename> file.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+   </calloutlist>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> will run Bower to link together the output of <command>bower2nix</command>, resulting in a <filename>bower_components</filename> directory which can be used.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Here is an example of a web frontend build process using <command>gulp</command>. You might use <command>grunt</command>, or anything else.
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id="ex-bowerGulpFile">
+   <title>Example build script (<filename>gulpfile.js</filename>)</title>
+<programlisting language="javascript">
+<![CDATA[var gulp = require('gulp');
+
+gulp.task('default', [], function () {
+  gulp.start('build');
+});
+
+gulp.task('build', [], function () {
+  console.log("Just a dummy gulp build");
+  gulp
+    .src(["./bower_components/**/*"])
+    .pipe(gulp.dest("./gulpdist/"));
+});]]>
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <example xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix">
+   <title>Full example — <filename>default.nix</filename></title>
+<programlisting language="nix">
+{ myWebApp ? { outPath = ./.; name = "myWebApp"; }
+, pkgs ? import &lt;nixpkgs&gt; {}
+}:
+
+pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  name = "my-web-app-frontend";
+  src = myWebApp;
+
+  buildInputs = [ pkgs.nodePackages.gulp ];
+
+  bowerComponents = pkgs.buildBowerComponents { <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1" />
+    name = "my-web-app";
+    generated = ./bower-packages.nix;
+    src = myWebApp;
+  };
+
+  buildPhase = ''
+    cp --reflink=auto --no-preserve=mode -R $bowerComponents/bower_components . <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2" />
+    export HOME=$PWD <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3" />
+    ${pkgs.nodePackages.gulp}/bin/gulp build <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4" />
+  '';
+
+  installPhase = "mv gulpdist $out";
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <para>
+   A few notes about <xref linkend="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix" />:
+   <calloutlist>
+    <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1">
+     <para>
+      The result of <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> is an input to the frontend build.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2">
+     <para>
+      Whether to symlink or copy the <filename>bower_components</filename> directory depends on the build tool in use. In this case a copy is used to avoid <command>gulp</command> silliness with permissions.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3">
+     <para>
+      <command>gulp</command> requires <varname>HOME</varname> to refer to a writeable directory.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4">
+     <para>
+      The actual build command. Other tools could be used.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+   </calloutlist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-bower2nix-troubleshooting">
+  <title>Troubleshooting</title>
+
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <literal>ENOCACHE</literal> errors from <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This means that Bower was looking for a package version which doesn't exist in the generated <filename>bower-packages.nix</filename>.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      If <filename>bower.json</filename> has been updated, then run <command>bower2nix</command> again.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      It could also be a bug in <command>bower2nix</command> or <command>fetchbower</command>. If possible, try reformulating the version specification in <filename>bower.json</filename>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+  </variablelist>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/languages-frameworks/coq.section.md

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-# Coq and coq packages {#sec-language-coq}
-
-## Coq derivation: `coq`
-
-The Coq derivation is overridable through the `coq.override overrides`, where overrides is an attribute set which contains the arguments to override. We recommend overriding either of the following
-
-* `version` (optional, defaults to the latest version of Coq selected for nixpkgs, see `pkgs/top-level/coq-packages` to witness this choice), which follows the conventions explained in the `coqPackages` section below,
-* `customOCamlPackage` (optional, defaults to `null`, which lets Coq choose a version automatically), which can be set to any of the ocaml packages attribute of `ocaml-ng` (such as `ocaml-ng.ocamlPackages_4_10` which is the default for Coq 8.11 for example).
-* `coq-version` (optional, defaults to the short version e.g. "8.10"), is a version number of the form "x.y" that indicates which Coq's version build behavior to mimic when using a source which is not a release. E.g. `coq.override { version = "d370a9d1328a4e1cdb9d02ee032f605a9d94ec7a"; coq-version = "8.10"; }`.
-
-## Coq packages attribute sets: `coqPackages`
-
-The recommended way of defining a derivation for a Coq library, is to use the `coqPackages.mkCoqDerivation` function, which is essentially a specialization of `mkDerivation` taking into account most of the specifics of Coq libraries. The following attributes are supported:
-
-* `pname` (required) is the name of the package,
-* `version` (optional, defaults to `null`), is the version to fetch and build,
-  this attribute is interpreted in several ways depending on its type and pattern:
-  * if it is a known released version string, i.e. from the `release` attribute below, the according release is picked, and the `version` attribute of the resulting derivation is set to this release string,
-  * if it is a majorMinor `"x.y"` prefix of a known released version (as defined above), then the latest `"x.y.z"` known released version is selected (for the ordering given by `versionAtLeast`),
-  * if it is a path or a string representing an absolute path (i.e. starting with `"/"`), the provided path is selected as a source, and the `version` attribute of the resulting derivation is set to `"dev"`,
-  * if it is a string of the form `owner:branch` then it tries to download the `branch` of owner `owner` for a project of the same name using the same vcs, and the `version` attribute of the resulting derivation is set to `"dev"`, additionally if the owner is not provided (i.e. if the `owner:` prefix is missing), it defaults to the original owner of the package (see below),
-  * if it is a string of the form `"#N"`, and the domain is github, then it tries to download the current head of the pull request `#N` from github,
-* `defaultVersion` (optional). Coq libraries may be compatible with some specific versions of Coq only. The `defaultVersion` attribute is used when no `version` is provided (or if `version = null`) to select the version of the library to use by default, depending on the context. This selection will mainly depend on a `coq` version number but also possibly on other packages versions (e.g. `mathcomp`). If its value ends up to be `null`, the package is marked for removal in end-user `coqPackages` attribute set.
-* `release` (optional, defaults to `{}`), lists all the known releases of the library and for each of them provides an attribute set with at least a `sha256` attribute (you may put the empty string `""` in order to automatically insert a fake sha256, this will trigger an error which will allow you to find the correct sha256), each attribute set of the list of releases also takes optional overloading arguments for the fetcher as below (i.e.`domain`, `owner`, `repo`, `rev` assuming the default fetcher is used) and optional overrides for the result of the fetcher (i.e. `version` and `src`).
-* `fetcher` (optional, defaults to a generic fetching mechanism supporting github or gitlab based infrastructures), is a function that takes at least an `owner`, a `repo`, a `rev`, and a `sha256` and returns an attribute set with a `version` and `src`.
-* `repo` (optional, defaults to the value of `pname`),
-* `owner` (optional, defaults to `"coq-community"`).
-* `domain` (optional, defaults to `"github.com"`), domains including the strings `"github"` or `"gitlab"` in their names are automatically supported, otherwise, one must change the `fetcher` argument to support them (cf `pkgs/development/coq-modules/heq/default.nix` for an example),
-* `releaseRev` (optional, defaults to `(v: v)`), provides a default mapping from release names to revision hashes/branch names/tags,
-* `displayVersion` (optional), provides a way to alter the computation of `name` from `pname`, by explaining how to display version numbers,
-* `namePrefix` (optional), provides a way to alter the computation of `name` from `pname`, by explaining which dependencies must occur in `name`,
-* `extraBuildInputs` (optional), by default `buildInputs` just contains `coq`, this allows to add more build inputs,
-* `mlPlugin` (optional, defaults to `false`). Some extensions (plugins) might require OCaml and sometimes other OCaml packages. Standard dependencies can be added by setting the current option to `true`. For a finer grain control, the `coq.ocamlPackages` attribute can be used in `extraBuildInputs` to depend on the same package set Coq was built against.
-* `useDune2ifVersion` (optional, default to `(x: false)` uses Dune2 to build the package if the provided predicate evaluates to true on the version, e.g. `useDune2if = versions.isGe "1.1"`  will use dune if the version of the package is greater or equal to `"1.1"`,
-* `useDune2` (optional, defaults to `false`) uses Dune2 to build the package if set to true, the presence of this attribute overrides the behavior of the previous one.
-* `enableParallelBuilding` (optional, defaults to `true`), since it is activated by default, we provide a way to disable it.
-* `extraInstallFlags` (optional), allows to extend `installFlags` which initializes the variable `COQMF_COQLIB` so as to install in the proper subdirectory. Indeed Coq libraries should be installed in `$(out)/lib/coq/${coq.coq-version}/user-contrib/`. Such directories are automatically added to the `$COQPATH` environment variable by the hook defined in the Coq derivation.
-* `setCOQBIN` (optional, defaults to `true`), by default, the environment variable `$COQBIN` is set to the current Coq's binary, but one can disable this behavior by setting it to `false`,
-* `useMelquiondRemake` (optional, default to `null`) is an attribute set, which, if given, overloads the `preConfigurePhases`, `configureFlags`, `buildPhase`, and `installPhase` attributes of the derivation for a specific use in libraries using `remake` as set up by Guillaume Melquiond for `flocq`, `gappalib`, `interval`, and `coquelicot` (see the corresponding derivation for concrete examples of use of this option). For backward compatibility, the attribute `useMelquiondRemake.logpath` must be set to the logical root of the library (otherwise, one can pass `useMelquiondRemake = {}` to activate this without backward compatibility).
-* `dropAttrs`, `keepAttrs`, `dropDerivationAttrs` are all optional and allow to tune which attribute is added or removed from the final call to `mkDerivation`.
-
-It also takes other standard `mkDerivation` attributes, they are added as such, except for `meta` which extends an automatically computed `meta` (where the `platform` is the same as `coq` and the homepage is automatically computed).
-
-Here is a simple package example. It is a pure Coq library, thus it depends on Coq. It builds on the Mathematical Components library, thus it also takes some `mathcomp` derivations as `extraBuildInputs`.
-
-```nix
-{ lib, mkCoqDerivation, version ? null
-, coq, mathcomp, mathcomp-finmap, mathcomp-bigenough }:
-with lib; mkCoqDerivation {
-  /* namePrefix leads to e.g. `name = coq8.11-mathcomp1.11-multinomials-1.5.2` */
-  namePrefix = [ "coq" "mathcomp" ];
-  pname = "multinomials";
-  owner = "math-comp";
-  inherit version;
-  defaultVersion =  with versions; switch [ coq.version mathcomp.version ] [
-      { cases = [ (range "8.7" "8.12")  "1.11.0" ];             out = "1.5.2"; }
-      { cases = [ (range "8.7" "8.11")  (range "1.8" "1.10") ]; out = "1.5.0"; }
-      { cases = [ (range "8.7" "8.10")  (range "1.8" "1.10") ]; out = "1.4"; }
-      { cases = [ "8.6"                 (range "1.6" "1.7") ];  out = "1.1"; }
-    ] null;
-  release = {
-    "1.5.2".sha256 = "15aspf3jfykp1xgsxf8knqkxv8aav2p39c2fyirw7pwsfbsv2c4s";
-    "1.5.1".sha256 = "13nlfm2wqripaq671gakz5mn4r0xwm0646araxv0nh455p9ndjs3";
-    "1.5.0".sha256 = "064rvc0x5g7y1a0nip6ic91vzmq52alf6in2bc2dmss6dmzv90hw";
-    "1.5.0".rev    = "1.5";
-    "1.4".sha256   = "0vnkirs8iqsv8s59yx1fvg1nkwnzydl42z3scya1xp1b48qkgn0p";
-    "1.3".sha256   = "0l3vi5n094nx3qmy66hsv867fnqm196r8v605kpk24gl0aa57wh4";
-    "1.2".sha256   = "1mh1w339dslgv4f810xr1b8v2w7rpx6fgk9pz96q0fyq49fw2xcq";
-    "1.1".sha256   = "1q8alsm89wkc0lhcvxlyn0pd8rbl2nnxg81zyrabpz610qqjqc3s";
-    "1.0".sha256   = "1qmbxp1h81cy3imh627pznmng0kvv37k4hrwi2faa101s6bcx55m";
-  };
-
-  propagatedBuildInputs =
-    [ mathcomp.ssreflect mathcomp.algebra mathcomp-finmap mathcomp-bigenough ];
-
-  meta = {
-    description = "A Coq/SSReflect Library for Monoidal Rings and Multinomials";
-    license = licenses.cecill-c;
-  };
-}
-```