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Author SHA1 Message Date
Eelco Dolstra
2b6c83f1f5 * Mark release as stable.
svn path=/nixpkgs/branches/0.6-release/; revision=1767
2004-11-14 12:36:14 +00:00
30699 changed files with 12136 additions and 3076106 deletions

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# EditorConfig configuration for nixpkgs
# https://EditorConfig.org
# Top-most EditorConfig file
root = true
# Unix-style newlines with a newline ending every file, utf-8 charset
[*]
end_of_line = lf
insert_final_newline = true
trim_trailing_whitespace = true
charset = utf-8
# Ignore diffs/patches
[*.{diff,patch}]
end_of_line = unset
insert_final_newline = unset
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
# see https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-conventions
# Match json/lockfiles/markdown/nix/perl/python/ruby/shell/docbook files, set indent to spaces
[*.{json,lock,md,nix,pl,pm,py,rb,sh,xml}]
indent_style = space
# Match docbook files, set indent width of one
[*.xml]
indent_size = 1
# Match json/lockfiles/markdown/nix/ruby files, set indent width of two
[*.{json,lock,md,nix,rb}]
indent_size = 2
# Match perl/python/shell scripts, set indent width of four
[*.{pl,pm,py,sh}]
indent_size = 4
# Match gemfiles, set indent to spaces with width of two
[Gemfile]
indent_size = 2
indent_style = space
# Disable file types or individual files
# some of these files may be auto-generated and/or require significant changes
[*.{c,h}]
insert_final_newline = unset
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
[*.{asc,key,ovpn}]
insert_final_newline = unset
end_of_line = unset
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
[*.lock]
indent_size = unset
[eggs.nix]
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
[nixos/modules/services/networking/ircd-hybrid/*.{conf,in}]
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
[pkgs/build-support/dotnetenv/Wrapper/**]
end_of_line = unset
indent_style = unset
insert_final_newline = unset
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
[pkgs/development/compilers/elm/registry.dat]
end_of_line = unset
insert_final_newline = unset
[pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hackage-packages.nix]
indent_style = unset
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
[pkgs/servers/dict/wordnet_structures.py]
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
[pkgs/tools/misc/timidity/timidity.cfg]
trim_trailing_whitespace = unset

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# This file contains a list of commits that are not likely what you
# are looking for in a blame, such as mass reformatting or renaming.
# You can set this file as a default ignore file for blame by running
# the following command.
#
# $ git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
#
# To temporarily not use this file add
# --ignore-revs-file=""
# to your blame command.
#
# The ignoreRevsFile can't be set globally due to blame failing if the file isn't present.
# To not have to set the option in every repository it is needed in,
# save the following script in your path with the name "git-bblame"
# now you can run
# $ git bblame $FILE
# to use the .git-blame-ignore-revs file if it is present.
#
# #!/usr/bin/env bash
# repo_root=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
# if [[ -e $repo_root/.git-blame-ignore-revs ]]; then
# git blame --ignore-revs-file="$repo_root/.git-blame-ignore-revs" $@
# else
# git blame $@
# fi
# nixos/modules/rename: Sort alphabetically
1f71224fe86605ef4cd23ed327b3da7882dad382
# nixos: fix module paths in rename.nix
d08ede042b74b8199dc748323768227b88efcf7c

16
.gitattributes vendored
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@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
**/deps.nix linguist-generated
**/node-packages.nix linguist-generated
pkgs/applications/editors/emacs-modes/*-generated.nix linguist-generated
pkgs/development/r-modules/*-packages.nix linguist-generated
pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hackage-packages.nix linguist-generated
pkgs/development/beam-modules/hex-packages.nix linguist-generated
doc/** linguist-documentation
doc/default.nix linguist-documentation=false
nixos/doc/** linguist-documentation
nixos/doc/default.nix linguist-documentation=false
nixos/modules/module-list.nix merge=union
# pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix merge=union

287
.github/CODEOWNERS vendored
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# CODEOWNERS file
#
# This file is used to describe who owns what in this repository. This file does not
# replace `meta.maintainers` but is instead used for other things than derivations
# and modules, like documentation, package sets, and other assets.
#
# For documentation on this file, see https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/
# Mentioned users will get code review requests.
#
# IMPORTANT NOTE: in order to actually get pinged, commit access is required.
# This also holds true for GitHub teams. Since almost none of our teams have write
# permissions, you need to list all members of the team with commit access individually.
# This file
/.github/CODEOWNERS @edolstra
# GitHub actions
/.github/workflows @NixOS/Security @Mic92 @zowoq
/.github/workflows/merge-staging @FRidh
# EditorConfig
/.editorconfig @Mic92 @zowoq
# Libraries
/lib @edolstra @nbp @infinisil
/lib/systems @alyssais @nbp @ericson2314 @matthewbauer
/lib/generators.nix @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
/lib/cli.nix @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
/lib/debug.nix @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
/lib/asserts.nix @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
# Nixpkgs Internals
/default.nix @nbp
/pkgs/top-level/default.nix @nbp @Ericson2314
/pkgs/top-level/impure.nix @nbp @Ericson2314
/pkgs/top-level/stage.nix @nbp @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
/pkgs/top-level/splice.nix @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
/pkgs/top-level/release-cross.nix @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
/pkgs/stdenv/generic @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
/pkgs/stdenv/cross @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
/pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper @Ericson2314
/pkgs/build-support/bintools-wrapper @Ericson2314
/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks @Ericson2314
/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/auto-patchelf.sh @layus
/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/auto-patchelf.py @layus
# Nixpkgs build-support
/pkgs/build-support/writers @lassulus @Profpatsch
# Nixpkgs documentation
/maintainers/scripts/db-to-md.sh @jtojnar @ryantm
/maintainers/scripts/doc @jtojnar @ryantm
/doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters @jtojnar
/doc/contributing/contributing-to-documentation.chapter.md @jtojnar
# NixOS Internals
/nixos/default.nix @nbp @infinisil
/nixos/lib/from-env.nix @nbp @infinisil
/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix @nbp @infinisil
/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/abstractions.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/config-file.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/config-syntax.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/modularity.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/development/assertions.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/development/meta-attributes.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-declarations.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-def.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-types.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/development/replace-modules.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/development/writing-modules.xml @nbp
/nixos/doc/manual/man-nixos-option.xml @nbp
/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh @nbp
/nixos/modules/system @dasJ
# NixOS integration test driver
/nixos/lib/test-driver @tfc
# Systemd
/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix @NixOS/systemd
/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd @NixOS/systemd
/nixos/lib/systemd-*.nix @NixOS/systemd
/pkgs/os-specific/linux/systemd @NixOS/systemd
# Updaters
## update.nix
/maintainers/scripts/update.nix @jtojnar
/maintainers/scripts/update.py @jtojnar
## common-updater-scripts
/pkgs/common-updater/scripts/update-source-version @jtojnar
# Python-related code and docs
/maintainers/scripts/update-python-libraries @FRidh
/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix @FRidh @jonringer
/pkgs/development/interpreters/python @FRidh
/pkgs/development/python-modules @FRidh @jonringer
/doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md @FRidh
/pkgs/development/tools/poetry2nix @adisbladis
/pkgs/development/interpreters/python/hooks @FRidh @jonringer
# Haskell
/doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
/maintainers/scripts/haskell @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
/pkgs/development/compilers/ghc @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
/pkgs/development/haskell-modules @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
/pkgs/test/haskell @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
/pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
/pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
# Perl
/pkgs/development/interpreters/perl @stigtsp @zakame
/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix @stigtsp @zakame
/pkgs/development/perl-modules @stigtsp @zakame
# R
/pkgs/applications/science/math/R @jbedo
/pkgs/development/r-modules @jbedo
# Ruby
/pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby @marsam
/pkgs/development/ruby-modules @marsam
# Rust
/pkgs/development/compilers/rust @Mic92 @LnL7 @zowoq
/pkgs/build-support/rust @zowoq
/doc/languages-frameworks/rust.section.md @zowoq
# C compilers
/pkgs/development/compilers/gcc @matthewbauer
/pkgs/development/compilers/llvm @matthewbauer
# Compatibility stuff
/pkgs/top-level/unix-tools.nix @matthewbauer
/pkgs/development/tools/xcbuild @matthewbauer
# Audio
/nixos/modules/services/audio/botamusique.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/modules/services/audio/snapserver.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/tests/modules/services/audio/botamusique.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/tests/snapcast.nix @mweinelt
# Browsers
/pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/firefox @mweinelt
# Jetbrains
/pkgs/applications/editors/jetbrains @edwtjo
# Licenses
/lib/licenses.nix @alyssais
# Qt / KDE
/pkgs/applications/kde @ttuegel
/pkgs/desktops/plasma-5 @ttuegel
/pkgs/development/libraries/kde-frameworks @ttuegel
/pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5 @ttuegel
# PostgreSQL and related stuff
/pkgs/servers/sql/postgresql @thoughtpolice @marsam
/nixos/modules/services/databases/postgresql.xml @thoughtpolice
/nixos/modules/services/databases/postgresql.nix @thoughtpolice
/nixos/tests/postgresql.nix @thoughtpolice
# Hardened profile & related modules
/nixos/modules/profiles/hardened.nix @joachifm
/nixos/modules/security/hidepid.nix @joachifm
/nixos/modules/security/lock-kernel-modules.nix @joachifm
/nixos/modules/security/misc.nix @joachifm
/nixos/tests/hardened.nix @joachifm
/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel/hardened-config.nix @joachifm
# Home Automation
/nixos/modules/services/misc/home-assistant.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/modules/services/misc/zigbee2mqtt.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/tests/home-assistant.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/tests/zigbee2mqtt.nix @mweinelt
/pkgs/servers/home-assistant @mweinelt
/pkgs/tools/misc/esphome @mweinelt
# Network Time Daemons
/pkgs/tools/networking/chrony @thoughtpolice
/pkgs/tools/networking/ntp @thoughtpolice
/pkgs/tools/networking/openntpd @thoughtpolice
/nixos/modules/services/networking/ntp @thoughtpolice
# Network
/pkgs/tools/networking/kea/default.nix @mweinelt
/pkgs/tools/networking/babeld/default.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/modules/services/networking/babeld.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/modules/services/networking/kea.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/modules/services/networking/knot.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/tests/babeld.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/tests/kea.nix @mweinelt
/nixos/tests/knot.nix @mweinelt
# Dhall
/pkgs/development/dhall-modules @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
/pkgs/development/interpreters/dhall @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
# Idris
/pkgs/development/idris-modules @Infinisil
# Bazel
/pkgs/development/tools/build-managers/bazel @Profpatsch
# NixOS modules for e-mail and dns services
/nixos/modules/services/mail/mailman.nix @peti
/nixos/modules/services/mail/postfix.nix @peti
/nixos/modules/services/networking/bind.nix @peti
/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd.nix @peti
# Emacs
/pkgs/applications/editors/emacs/elisp-packages @adisbladis
/pkgs/applications/editors/emacs @adisbladis
/pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix @adisbladis
# Neovim
/pkgs/applications/editors/neovim @jonringer @teto
# VimPlugins
/pkgs/applications/editors/vim/plugins @jonringer
# VsCode Extensions
/pkgs/applications/editors/vscode/extensions @jonringer
# Prometheus exporter modules and tests
/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix @WilliButz
/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.xml @WilliButz
/nixos/tests/prometheus-exporters.nix @WilliButz
# PHP interpreter, packages, extensions, tests and documentation
/doc/languages-frameworks/php.section.md @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
/nixos/tests/php @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
/pkgs/build-support/build-pecl.nix @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
/pkgs/development/interpreters/php @jtojnar @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
/pkgs/development/php-packages @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
/pkgs/top-level/php-packages.nix @jtojnar @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
# Podman, CRI-O modules and related
/nixos/modules/virtualisation/containers.nix @zowoq @adisbladis
/nixos/modules/virtualisation/cri-o.nix @zowoq @adisbladis
/nixos/modules/virtualisation/podman @zowoq @adisbladis
/nixos/tests/cri-o.nix @zowoq @adisbladis
/nixos/tests/podman @zowoq @adisbladis
# Docker tools
/pkgs/build-support/docker @roberth
/nixos/tests/docker-tools* @roberth
/doc/builders/images/dockertools.section.md @roberth
# Blockchains
/pkgs/applications/blockchains @mmahut @RaghavSood
# Go
/doc/languages-frameworks/go.section.md @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
/pkgs/development/compilers/go @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
/pkgs/development/go-modules @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
/pkgs/development/go-packages @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
# GNOME
/pkgs/desktops/gnome @jtojnar @hedning
/pkgs/desktops/gnome/extensions @piegamesde @jtojnar @hedning
# Cinnamon
/pkgs/desktops/cinnamon @mkg20001
# nim
/pkgs/development/compilers/nim @ehmry
/pkgs/development/nim-packages @ehmry
/pkgs/top-level/nim-packages.nix @ehmry
# terraform providers
/pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/terraform-providers @zowoq
# kubernetes
/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/kubernetes.chapter.md @zowoq
/nixos/modules/services/cluster/kubernetes @zowoq
/nixos/tests/kubernetes @zowoq
/pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/kubernetes @zowoq
# Matrix
/pkgs/servers/heisenbridge @piegamesde
/pkgs/servers/matrix-conduit @piegamesde
/pkgs/servers/matrix-synapse/matrix-appservice-irc @piegamesde
/nixos/modules/services/misc/heisenbridge.nix @piegamesde
/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-appservice-irc.nix @piegamesde
/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-conduit.nix @piegamesde
/nixos/tests/matrix-appservice-irc.nix @piegamesde
/nixos/tests/matrix-conduit.nix @piegamesde

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@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
## Issue description
### Steps to reproduce
## Technical details
Please run `nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"` and paste the result.

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@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
---
name: Bug report
about: Create a report to help us improve
title: ''
labels: '0.kind: bug'
assignees: ''
---
### Describe the bug
A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
### Steps To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
### Expected behavior
A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
### Screenshots
If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
### Additional context
Add any other context about the problem here.
### Notify maintainers
<!--
Please @ people who are in the `meta.maintainers` list of the offending package or module.
If in doubt, check `git blame` for whoever last touched something.
-->
### Metadata
Please run `nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"` and paste the result.
```console
[user@system:~]$ nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"
output here
```

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@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
---
name: Out-of-date package reports
about: For packages that are out-of-date
title: ''
labels: '9.needs: package (update)'
assignees: ''
---
###### Checklist
<!-- Note that these are hard requirements -->
<!--
You can use the "Go to file" functionality on GitHub to find the package
Then you can go to the history for this package
Find the latest "package_name: old_version -> new_version" commit
The "new_version" is the current version of the package
-->
- [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs master branch](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs)
<!--
Type the name of your package and try to find an open pull request for the package
If you find an open pull request, you can review it!
There's a high chance that you'll have the new version right away while helping the community!
-->
- [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls)
###### Project name
`nix search` name:
<!--
The current version can be found easily with the same process as above for checking the master branch
If an open PR is present for the package, take this version as the current one and link to the PR
-->
current version:
desired version:
###### Notify maintainers
<!--
Search your package here: https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable
If no maintainer is listed for your package, tag the person that last updated the package
-->
maintainers:
###### Note for maintainers
Please tag this issue in your PR.

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@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
---
name: Packaging requests
about: For packages that are missing
title: ''
labels: '0.kind: packaging request'
assignees: ''
---
**Project description**
_describe the project a little_
**Metadata**
* homepage URL:
* source URL:
* license: mit, bsd, gpl2+ , ...
* platforms: unix, linux, darwin, ...

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@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
###### Description of changes
<!--
For package updates please link to a changelog or describe changes, this helps your fellow maintainers discover breaking updates.
For new packages please briefly describe the package or provide a link to its homepage.
-->
###### Things done
<!-- Please check what applies. Note that these are not hard requirements but merely serve as information for reviewers. -->
- Built on platform(s)
- [ ] x86_64-linux
- [ ] aarch64-linux
- [ ] x86_64-darwin
- [ ] aarch64-darwin
- [ ] For non-Linux: Is `sandbox = true` set in `nix.conf`? (See [Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file.html))
- [ ] Tested, as applicable:
- [NixOS test(s)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/unstable/index.html#sec-nixos-tests) (look inside [nixos/tests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests))
- and/or [package tests](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#sec-package-tests)
- or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in [lib/tests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/lib/tests) or [pkgs/test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/test)
- made sure NixOS tests are [linked](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#ssec-nixos-tests-linking) to the relevant packages
- [ ] Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using `nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD"`. Note: all changes have to be committed, also see [nixpkgs-review usage](https://github.com/Mic92/nixpkgs-review#usage)
- [ ] Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`)
- [22.05 Release Notes (or backporting 21.11 Release notes)](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#generating-2205-release-notes)
- [ ] (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
- [ ] (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
- [ ] (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
- [ ] (Release notes changes) Ran `nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh` to update generated release notes
- [ ] Fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
<!--
To help with the large amounts of pull requests, we would appreciate your
reviews of other pull requests, especially simple package updates. Just leave a
comment describing what you have tested in the relevant package/service.
Reviewing helps to reduce the average time-to-merge for everyone.
Thanks a lot if you do!
List of open PRs: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls
Reviewing guidelines: https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-reviewing-contributions
-->

35
.github/STALE-BOT.md vendored
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@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
# Stale bot information
- Thanks for your contribution!
- To remove the stale label, just leave a new comment.
- _How to find the right people to ping?_ &rarr; [`git blame`](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame) to the rescue! (or GitHub's history and blame buttons.)
- You can always ask for help on [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/), [our Matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#nix:nixos.org), or on the [#nixos IRC channel](https://web.libera.chat/#nixos).
## Suggestions for PRs
1. GitHub sometimes doesn't notify people who commented / reviewed a PR previously, when you (force) push commits. If you have addressed the reviews you can [officially ask for a review](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/requesting-a-pull-request-review) from those who commented to you or anyone else.
2. If it is unfinished but you plan to finish it, please mark it as a draft.
3. If you don't expect to work on it any time soon, closing it with a short comment may encourage someone else to pick up your work.
4. To get things rolling again, rebase the PR against the target branch and address valid comments.
5. If you need a review to move forward, ask in [the Discourse thread for PRs that need help](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/prs-in-distress/3604).
6. If all you need is a merge, check the git history to find and [request reviews](https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/requesting-a-pull-request-review) from people who usually merge related contributions.
## Suggestions for issues
1. If it is resolved (either for you personally, or in general), please consider closing it.
2. If this might still be an issue, but you are not interested in promoting its resolution, please consider closing it while encouraging others to take over and reopen an issue if they care enough.
3. If you still have interest in resolving it, try to ping somebody who you believe might have an interest in the topic. Consider discussing the problem in [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/).
4. As with all open source projects, your best option is to submit a Pull Request that addresses this issue. We :heart: this attitude!
**Memorandum on closing issues**
Don't be afraid to close an issue that holds valuable information. Closed issues stay in the system for people to search, read, cross-reference, or even reopen--nothing is lost! Closing obsolete issues is an important way to help maintainers focus their time and effort.
## Useful GitHub search queries
- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+)
- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction and `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22)
- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction and NOT `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+-label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)
- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+)
- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction and `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)
- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction and NOT `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+-label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)

159
.github/labeler.yml vendored
View File

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
"6.topic: agda":
- doc/languages-frameworks/agda.section.md
- nixos/tests/agda.nix
- pkgs/build-support/agda/**/*
- pkgs/development/libraries/agda/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/agda-packages.nix
"6.topic: cinnamon":
- pkgs/desktops/cinnamon/**/*
"6.topic: emacs":
- nixos/modules/services/editors/emacs.nix
- nixos/modules/services/editors/emacs.xml
- nixos/tests/emacs-daemon.nix
- pkgs/applications/editors/emacs/elisp-packages/**/*
- pkgs/applications/editors/emacs/**/*
- pkgs/build-support/emacs/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix
"6.topic: erlang":
- doc/languages-frameworks/beam.section.md
- pkgs/development/beam-modules/**/*
- pkgs/development/interpreters/elixir/**/*
- pkgs/development/interpreters/erlang/**/*
- pkgs/development/tools/build-managers/rebar/**/*
- pkgs/development/tools/build-managers/rebar3/**/*
- pkgs/development/tools/erlang/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/beam-packages.nix
"6.topic: fetch":
- pkgs/build-support/fetch*/**/*
"6.topic: GNOME":
- doc/languages-frameworks/gnome.section.md
- nixos/modules/services/desktops/gnome/**/*
- nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome.nix
- nixos/tests/gnome-xorg.nix
- nixos/tests/gnome.nix
- pkgs/desktops/gnome/**/*
"6.topic: golang":
- doc/languages-frameworks/go.section.md
- pkgs/development/compilers/go/**/*
- pkgs/development/go-modules/**/*
- pkgs/development/go-packages/**/*
"6.topic: haskell":
- doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md
- maintainers/scripts/haskell/**/*
- pkgs/development/compilers/ghc/**/*
- pkgs/development/haskell-modules/**/*
- pkgs/development/tools/haskell/**/*
- pkgs/test/haskell/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix
- pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix
"6.topic: kernel":
- pkgs/build-support/kernel/**/*
- pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel/**/*
"6.topic: lua":
- pkgs/development/interpreters/lua-5/**/*
- pkgs/development/interpreters/luajit/**/*
- pkgs/development/lua-modules/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix
"6.topic: nixos":
- nixos/**/*
- pkgs/os-specific/linux/nixos-rebuild/**/*
"6.topic: nim":
- doc/languages-frameworks/nim.section.md
- pkgs/development/compilers/nim/*
- pkgs/development/nim-packages/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/nim-packages.nix
"6.topic: ocaml":
- doc/languages-frameworks/ocaml.section.md
- pkgs/development/compilers/ocaml/**/*
- pkgs/development/compilers/reason/**/*
- pkgs/development/ocaml-modules/**/*
- pkgs/development/tools/ocaml/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/ocaml-packages.nix
"6.topic: pantheon":
- nixos/modules/services/desktops/pantheon/**/*
- nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/pantheon.nix
- nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm-greeters/pantheon.nix
- nixos/tests/pantheon.nix
- pkgs/desktops/pantheon/**/*
"6.topic: policy discussion":
- .github/**/*
"6.topic: printing":
- nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix
- pkgs/misc/cups/**/*
"6.topic: python":
- doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md
- pkgs/development/interpreters/python/**/*
- pkgs/development/python-modules/**/*
- pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix
"6.topic: qt/kde":
- doc/languages-frameworks/qt.section.md
- nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix
- nixos/tests/plasma5.nix
- pkgs/applications/kde/**/*
- pkgs/desktops/plasma-5/**/*
- pkgs/development/libraries/kde-frameworks/**/*
- pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5/**/*
"6.topic: ruby":
- doc/languages-frameworks/ruby.section.md
- pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby/**/*
- pkgs/development/ruby-modules/**/*
"6.topic: rust":
- doc/languages-frameworks/rust.section.md
- pkgs/build-support/rust/**/*
- pkgs/development/compilers/rust/**/*
"6.topic: stdenv":
- pkgs/stdenv/**/*
"6.topic: steam":
- pkgs/games/steam/**/*
"6.topic: systemd":
- pkgs/os-specific/linux/systemd/**/*
- nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd*/**/*
"6.topic: TeX":
- doc/languages-frameworks/texlive.section.md
- pkgs/tools/typesetting/tex/**/*
"6.topic: vim":
- doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md
- pkgs/applications/editors/vim/**/*
- pkgs/applications/editors/vim/plugins/**/*
- nixos/modules/programs/neovim.nix
- pkgs/applications/editors/neovim/**/*
"6.topic: xfce":
- nixos/doc/manual/configuration/xfce.xml
- nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix
- nixos/tests/xfce.nix
- pkgs/desktops/xfce/**/*
"8.has: changelog":
- nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/**/*
"8.has: documentation":
- doc/**/*
- nixos/doc/**/*
"8.has: module (update)":
- nixos/modules/**/*

10
.github/stale.yml vendored
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@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
# Configuration for probot-stale - https://github.com/probot/stale
daysUntilStale: 180
daysUntilClose: false
exemptLabels:
- "1.severity: security"
- "2.status: never-stale"
staleLabel: "2.status: stale"
markComment: |
I marked this as stale due to inactivity. &rarr; [More info](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/STALE-BOT.md)
closeComment: false

View File

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
name: Backport
on:
pull_request_target:
types: [closed, labeled]
# WARNING:
# When extending this action, be aware that $GITHUB_TOKEN allows write access to
# the GitHub repository. This means that it should not evaluate user input in a
# way that allows code injection.
jobs:
backport:
name: Backport Pull Request
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.event.pull_request.merged == true && (github.event_name != 'labeled' || startsWith('backport', github.event.label.name))
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
# required to find all branches
fetch-depth: 0
ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
- name: Create backport PRs
# should be kept in sync with `version`
uses: zeebe-io/backport-action@v0.0.5
with:
# Config README: https://github.com/zeebe-io/backport-action#backport-action
github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
github_workspace: ${{ github.workspace }}
# should be kept in sync with `uses`
version: v0.0.5
pull_description: |-
Bot-based backport to `${target_branch}`, triggered by a label in #${pull_number}.
* [ ] Before merging, ensure that this backport complies with the [Criteria for Backporting](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#criteria-for-backporting-changes).
* Even as a non-commiter, if you find that it does not comply, leave a comment.

View File

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
name: Basic evaluation checks
on:
workflow_dispatch
# pull_request:
# branches:
# - master
# - release-**
# push:
# branches:
# - master
# - release-**
jobs:
tests:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# we don't limit this action to only NixOS repo since the checks are cheap and useful developer feedback
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
- uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
with:
# This cache is for the nixpkgs repo checks and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
name: nixpkgs-ci
signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
# explicit list of supportedSystems is needed until aarch64-darwin becomes part of the trunk jobset
- run: nix-build pkgs/top-level/release.nix -A tarball.nixpkgs-basic-release-checks --arg supportedSystems '[ "aarch64-darwin" "aarch64-linux" "x86_64-linux" "x86_64-darwin" ]'

View File

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
name: "Direct Push Warning"
on:
push:
branches:
- master
- release-**
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
env:
GITHUB_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
steps:
- name: Check if commit is a merge commit
id: ismerge
run: |
ISMERGE=$(curl -H 'Accept: application/vnd.github.groot-preview+json' -H "authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" https://api.github.com/repos/${{ env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY }}/commits/${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}/pulls | jq -r '.[] | select(.merge_commit_sha == "${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}") | any')
echo "::set-output name=ismerge::$ISMERGE"
# github events are eventually consistent, so wait until changes propagate to thier DB
- run: sleep 60
if: steps.ismerge.outputs.ismerge != 'true'
- name: Warn if the commit was a direct push
if: steps.ismerge.outputs.ismerge != 'true'
uses: peter-evans/commit-comment@v2
with:
body: |
@${{ github.actor }}, you pushed a commit directly to master/release branch
instead of going through a Pull Request.
That's highly discouraged beyond the few exceptions listed
on https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/118661

View File

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
name: "Checking EditorConfig"
permissions: read-all
on:
# avoids approving first time contributors
pull_request_target:
branches-ignore:
- 'release-**'
jobs:
tests:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: "github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[skip editorconfig]')"
steps:
- name: Get list of changed files from PR
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
run: |
gh api \
repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls/${{github.event.number}}/files --paginate \
| jq '.[] | select(.status != "removed") | .filename' \
> "$HOME/changed_files"
- name: print list of changed files
run: |
cat "$HOME/changed_files"
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
# pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
- uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
with:
# nixpkgs commit is pinned so that it doesn't break
# editorconfig-checker 2.4.0
nix_path: nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/c473cc8714710179df205b153f4e9fa007107ff9.tar.gz
- name: install editorconfig-checker
run: nix-env -iA editorconfig-checker -f '<nixpkgs>'
- name: Checking EditorConfig
run: |
cat "$HOME/changed_files" | xargs -r editorconfig-checker -disable-indent-size
- if: ${{ failure() }}
run: |
echo "::error :: Hey! It looks like your changes don't follow our editorconfig settings. Read https://editorconfig.org/#download to configure your editor so you never see this error again."

View File

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
name: "Label PR"
on:
pull_request_target:
types: [edited, opened, synchronize, reopened]
# WARNING:
# When extending this action, be aware that $GITHUB_TOKEN allows some write
# access to the GitHub API. This means that it should not evaluate user input in
# a way that allows code injection.
permissions:
contents: read
pull-requests: write
jobs:
labels:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
steps:
- uses: actions/labeler@v4
with:
repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
sync-labels: true

View File

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
name: "Build NixOS manual"
permissions: read-all
on:
pull_request_target:
branches:
- master
paths:
- 'nixos/**'
jobs:
nixos:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
# pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
- uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
with:
# explicitly enable sandbox
extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
- uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
with:
# This cache is for the nixpkgs repo checks and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
name: nixpkgs-ci
signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
- name: Building NixOS manual
run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true nixos/release.nix -A manual.x86_64-linux

View File

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
name: "Build Nixpkgs manual"
permissions: read-all
on:
pull_request_target:
branches:
- master
paths:
- 'doc/**'
jobs:
nixpkgs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
# pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
- uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
with:
# explicitly enable sandbox
extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
- uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
with:
# This cache is for the nixpkgs repo checks and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
name: nixpkgs-ci
signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
- name: Building Nixpkgs manual
run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true pkgs/top-level/release.nix -A manual

View File

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
name: NixOS manual checks
permissions: read-all
on:
pull_request_target:
branches-ignore:
- 'release-**'
paths:
- 'nixos/**/*.xml'
- 'nixos/**/*.md'
jobs:
tests:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
# pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
- uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
- name: Check DocBook files generated from Markdown are consistent
run: |
nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh
git diff --exit-code

View File

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
name: "No channel PR"
on:
pull_request:
branches:
- 'nixos-**'
- 'nixpkgs-**'
jobs:
fail:
name: "This PR is is targeting a channel branch"
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- run: |
cat <<EOF
The nixos-* and nixpkgs-* branches are pushed to by the channel
release script and should not be merged into directly.
Please target the equivalent release-* branch or master instead.
EOF
exit 1

View File

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
name: "clear pending status"
on:
check_suite:
types: [ completed ]
jobs:
action:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: clear pending status
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.event.check_suite.app.name == 'OfBorg'
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
run: |
curl \
-X POST \
-H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-d '{"state": "success", "target_url": " ", "description": " ", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
"https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/statuses/${{ github.event.check_suite.head_sha }}"

View File

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
name: "set pending status"
on:
pull_request_target:
# WARNING:
# When extending this action, be aware that $GITHUB_TOKEN allows write access to
# the GitHub repository. This means that it should not evaluate user input in a
# way that allows code injection.
jobs:
action:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: set pending status
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
run: |
curl \
-X POST \
-H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-d '{"state": "pending", "target_url": " ", "description": "This pending status will be cleared when ofborg starts eval.", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
"https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/statuses/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"

View File

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
# This action periodically merges base branches into staging branches.
# This is done to
# * prevent conflicts or rather resolve them early
# * make all potential breakage happen on the staging branch
# * and make sure that all major rebuilds happen before the staging
# branch gets merged back into its base branch.
name: "Periodic Merges (24h)"
on:
schedule:
# * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
# Merge every 24 hours
- cron: '0 0 * * *'
jobs:
periodic-merge:
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
strategy:
# don't fail fast, so that all pairs are tried
fail-fast: false
# certain branches need to be merged in order, like master->staging-next->staging
# and disabling parallelism ensures the order of the pairs below.
max-parallel: 1
matrix:
pairs:
- from: master
into: haskell-updates
- from: release-21.05
into: staging-next-21.05
- from: staging-next-21.05
into: staging-21.05
- from: release-21.11
into: staging-next-21.11
- from: staging-next-21.11
into: staging-21.11
name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
uses: devmasx/merge-branch@1.4.0
with:
type: now
from_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }}
target_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
- name: Comment on failure
uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
if: ${{ failure() }}
with:
issue-number: 105153
body: |
Periodic merge from `${{ matrix.pairs.from }}` into `${{ matrix.pairs.into }}` has [failed](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).

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@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
# This action periodically merges base branches into staging branches.
# This is done to
# * prevent conflicts or rather resolve them early
# * make all potential breakage happen on the staging branch
# * and make sure that all major rebuilds happen before the staging
# branch gets merged back into its base branch.
name: "Periodic Merges (6h)"
on:
schedule:
# * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
# Merge every 6 hours
- cron: '0 */6 * * *'
jobs:
periodic-merge:
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
strategy:
# don't fail fast, so that all pairs are tried
fail-fast: false
# certain branches need to be merged in order, like master->staging-next->staging
# and disabling parallelism ensures the order of the pairs below.
max-parallel: 1
matrix:
pairs:
- from: master
into: staging-next
- from: staging-next
into: staging
name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
uses: devmasx/merge-branch@1.4.0
with:
type: now
from_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }}
target_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
- name: Comment on failure
uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
if: ${{ failure() }}
with:
issue-number: 105153
body: |
Periodic merge from `${{ matrix.pairs.from }}` into `${{ matrix.pairs.into }}` has [failed](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).

View File

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
name: "Update terraform-providers"
on:
schedule:
- cron: "14 3 * * 1"
workflow_dispatch:
jobs:
tf-providers:
if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' # ensure workflow_dispatch only runs on master
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
- name: setup
id: setup
run: |
echo ::set-output name=title::"terraform-providers: update $(date -u +"%Y-%m-%d")"
- name: update terraform-providers
run: |
git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
pushd pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/terraform-providers
./update-all-providers --no-build
git commit -m "${{ steps.setup.outputs.title }}" providers.json
popd
- name: create PR
uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v3
with:
body: |
Automatic update of terraform providers.
Created by [update-terraform-providers](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/workflows/update-terraform-providers.yml) action.
Check that all providers build with `@ofborg build terraform-full`
branch: terraform-providers-update
delete-branch: false
labels: "2.status: work-in-progress"
title: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.title }}
token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
- name: comment on failure
uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
if: ${{ failure() }}
with:
issue-number: 153416
body: |
Automatic update of terraform providers [failed](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).

29
.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
*~
,*
.*.swp
.*.swo
.idea/
.vscode/
outputs/
result
result-*
source/
/doc/NEWS.html
/doc/NEWS.txt
/doc/manual.html
/doc/manual.pdf
.version-suffix
.DS_Store
.mypy_cache
__pycache__
/pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5/*/tmp/
/pkgs/desktops/kde-5/*/tmp/
/pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/xml/*
# generated by pkgs/common-updater/update-script.nix
update-git-commits.txt
# JetBrains IDEA module declaration file
/nixpkgs.iml

View File

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
22.05

View File

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
# How to contribute
Note: contributing implies licensing those contributions
under the terms of [COPYING](COPYING), which is an MIT-like license.
## Opening issues
* Make sure you have a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free)
* Make sure there is no open issue on the topic
* [Submit a new issue](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/new/choose) by choosing the kind of topic and fill out the template
## Submitting changes
Read the ["Submitting changes"](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-submitting-changes) section of the nixpkgs manual. It explains how to write, test, and iterate on your change, and which branch to base your pull request against.
Below is a short excerpt of some points in there:
* Format the commit messages in the following way:
```
(pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
(Motivation for change. Link to release notes. Additional information.)
```
For consistency, there should not be a period at the end of the commit message's summary line (the first line of the commit message).
Examples:
* nginx: init at 2.0.1
* firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/55.0/releasenotes/
* nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option
Dual baz behavior is needed to do foo.
* nixos/nginx: refactor config generation
The old config generation system used impure shell scripts and could break in specific circumstances (see #1234).
* `meta.description` should:
* Be capitalized.
* Not start with the package name.
* Not have a period at the end.
* `meta.license` must be set and fit the upstream license.
* If there is no upstream license, `meta.license` should default to `lib.licenses.unfree`.
* `meta.maintainers` must be set.
See the nixpkgs manual for more details on [standard meta-attributes](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-standard-meta-attributes).
## Writing good commit messages
In addition to writing properly formatted commit messages, it's important to include relevant information so other developers can later understand *why* a change was made. While this information usually can be found by digging code, mailing list/Discourse archives, pull request discussions or upstream changes, it may require a lot of work.
For package version upgrades and such a one-line commit message is usually sufficient.
## Rebasing between branches (i.e. from master to staging)
From time to time, changes between branches must be rebased, for example, if the
number of new rebuilds they would cause is too large for the target branch. When
rebasing, care must be taken to include only the intended changes, otherwise
many CODEOWNERS will be inadvertently requested for review. To achieve this,
rebasing should not be performed directly on the target branch, but on the merge
base between the current and target branch.
In the following example, we see a rebase from `master` onto the merge base
between `master` and `staging`, so that a change can eventually be retargeted to
`staging`. The example uses `upstream` as the remote for `NixOS/nixpkgs.git`
while the `origin` remote is used for the remote you are pushing to.
```console
# Find the common base between two branches
common=$(git merge-base upstream/master upstream/staging)
# Find the common base between your feature branch and master
commits=$(git merge-base $(git branch --show-current) upstream/master)
# Rebase all commits onto the common base
git rebase --onto=$common $commits
# Force push your changes
git push origin $(git branch --show-current) --force-with-lease
```
Then change the base branch in the GitHub PR using the *Edit* button in the upper
right corner, and switch from `master` to `staging`. After the PR has been
retargeted it might be necessary to do a final rebase onto the target branch, to
resolve any outstanding merge conflicts.
```console
# Rebase onto target branch
git rebase upstream/staging
# Review and fixup possible conflicts
git status
# Force push your changes
git push origin $(git branch --show-current) --force-with-lease
```
## Backporting changes
Follow these steps to backport a change into a release branch in compliance with the [commit policy](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches).
1. Take note of the commits in which the change was introduced into `master` branch.
2. Check out the target _release branch_, e.g. `release-21.11`. Do not use a _channel branch_ like `nixos-21.11` or `nixpkgs-21.11-darwin`.
3. Create a branch for your change, e.g. `git checkout -b backport`.
4. When the reason to backport is not obvious from the original commit message, use `git cherry-pick -xe <original commit>` and add a reason. Otherwise use `git cherry-pick -x <original commit>`. That's fine for minor version updates that only include security and bug fixes, commits that fixes an otherwise broken package or similar. Please also ensure the commits exists on the master branch; in the case of squashed or rebased merges, the commit hash will change and the new commits can be found in the merge message at the bottom of the master pull request.
5. Push to GitHub and open a backport pull request. Make sure to select the release branch (e.g. `release-21.11`) as the target branch of the pull request, and link to the pull request in which the original change was comitted to `master`. The pull request title should be the commit title with the release version as prefix, e.g. `[21.11]`.
6. When the backport pull request is merged and you have the necessary privileges you can also replace the label `9.needs: port to stable` with `8.has: port to stable` on the original pull request. This way maintainers can keep track of missing backports easier.
## Criteria for Backporting changes
Anything that does not cause user or downstream dependency regressions can be backported. This includes:
- New Packages / Modules
- Security / Patch updates
- Version updates which include new functionality (but no breaking changes)
- Services which require a client to be up-to-date regardless. (E.g. `spotify`, `steam`, or `discord`)
- Security critical applications (E.g. `firefox`)
## Generating 22.05 Release Notes
(This section also applies to backporting 21.11 release notes: substitute "rl-2205" for "rl-2111".)
Documentation in nixpkgs is transitioning to a markdown-centric workflow. Release notes now require a translation step to convert from markdown to a compatible docbook document.
Steps for updating 22.05 Release notes:
1. Edit `nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2205.section.md` with the desired changes
2. Run `./nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh` to render `nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2205.section.xml`
3. Include changes to `rl-2205.section.md` and `rl-2205.section.xml` in the same commit.
## Reviewing contributions
See the nixpkgs manual for more details on how to [Review contributions](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-reviewing-contributions).

20
COPYING
View File

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Eelco Dolstra and the Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

119
README.md
View File

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
<p align="center">
<a href="https://nixos.org#gh-light-mode-only">
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixos-homepage/master/logo/nixos-hires.png" width="500px" alt="NixOS logo"/>
</a>
<a href="https://nixos.org#gh-dark-mode-only">
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork/master/logo/nixos-white.png" width="500px" alt="NixOS logo"/>
</a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/contributors-anon/NixOS/nixpkgs" alt="Contributors badge" /></a>
<a href="https://opencollective.com/nixos"><img src="https://opencollective.com/nixos/tiers/supporter/badge.svg?label=supporters&color=brightgreen" alt="Open Collective supporters" /></a>
</p>
[Nixpkgs](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs) is a collection of over
80,000 software packages that can be installed with the
[Nix](https://nixos.org/nix/) package manager. It also implements
[NixOS](https://nixos.org/nixos/), a purely-functional Linux distribution.
# Manuals
* [NixOS Manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual) - how to install, configure, and maintain a purely-functional Linux distribution
* [Nixpkgs Manual](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/) - contributing to Nixpkgs and using programming-language-specific Nix expressions
* [Nix Package Manager Manual](https://nixos.org/nix/manual) - how to write Nix expressions (programs), and how to use Nix command line tools
# Community
* [Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/)
* [Matrix Chat](https://matrix.to/#/#community:nixos.org)
* [NixOS Weekly](https://weekly.nixos.org/)
* [Community-maintained wiki](https://nixos.wiki/)
* [Community-maintained list of ways to get in touch](https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Get_In_Touch#Chat) (Discord, Telegram, IRC, etc.)
# Other Project Repositories
The sources of all official Nix-related projects are in the [NixOS
organization on GitHub](https://github.com/NixOS/). Here are some of
the main ones:
* [Nix](https://github.com/NixOS/nix) - the purely functional package manager
* [NixOps](https://github.com/NixOS/nixops) - the tool to remotely deploy NixOS machines
* [nixos-hardware](https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-hardware) - NixOS profiles to optimize settings for different hardware
* [Nix RFCs](https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs) - the formal process for making substantial changes to the community
* [NixOS homepage](https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-homepage) - the [NixOS.org](https://nixos.org) website
* [hydra](https://github.com/NixOS/hydra) - our continuous integration system
* [NixOS Artwork](https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork) - NixOS artwork
# Continuous Integration and Distribution
Nixpkgs and NixOS are built and tested by our continuous integration
system, [Hydra](https://hydra.nixos.org/).
* [Continuous package builds for unstable/master](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/trunk-combined)
* [Continuous package builds for the NixOS 21.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/release-21.11)
* [Tests for unstable/master](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/trunk-combined/tested#tabs-constituents)
* [Tests for the NixOS 21.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/release-21.11/tested#tabs-constituents)
Artifacts successfully built with Hydra are published to cache at
https://cache.nixos.org/. When successful build and test criteria are
met, the Nixpkgs expressions are distributed via [Nix
channels](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/package-management/channels.html).
# Contributing
Nixpkgs is among the most active projects on GitHub. While thousands
of open issues and pull requests might seem a lot at first, it helps
consider it in the context of the scope of the project. Nixpkgs
describes how to build tens of thousands of pieces of software and implements a
Linux distribution. The [GitHub Insights](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulse)
page gives a sense of the project activity.
Community contributions are always welcome through GitHub Issues and
Pull Requests. When pull requests are made, our tooling automation bot,
[OfBorg](https://github.com/NixOS/ofborg) will perform various checks
to help ensure expression quality.
The *Nixpkgs maintainers* are people who have assigned themselves to
maintain specific individual packages. We encourage people who care
about a package to assign themselves as a maintainer. When a pull
request is made against a package, OfBorg will notify the appropriate
maintainer(s). The *Nixpkgs committers* are people who have been given
permission to merge.
Most contributions are based on and merged into these branches:
* `master` is the main branch where all small contributions go
* `staging` is branched from master, changes that have a big impact on
Hydra builds go to this branch
* `staging-next` is branched from staging and only fixes to stabilize
and security fixes with a big impact on Hydra builds should be
contributed to this branch. This branch is merged into master when
deemed of sufficiently high quality
For more information about contributing to the project, please visit
the [contributing page](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
# Donations
The infrastructure for NixOS and related projects is maintained by a
nonprofit organization, the [NixOS
Foundation](https://nixos.org/nixos/foundation.html). To ensure the
continuity and expansion of the NixOS infrastructure, we are looking
for donations to our organization.
You can donate to the NixOS foundation through [SEPA bank
transfers](https://nixos.org/donate.html) or by using Open Collective:
<a href="https://opencollective.com/nixos#support"><img src="https://opencollective.com/nixos/tiers/supporter.svg?width=890" /></a>
# License
Nixpkgs is licensed under the [MIT License](COPYING).
Note: MIT license does not apply to the packages built by Nixpkgs,
merely to the files in this repository (the Nix expressions, build
scripts, NixOS modules, etc.). It also might not apply to patches
included in Nixpkgs, which may be derivative works of the packages to
which they apply. The aforementioned artifacts are all covered by the
licenses of the respective packages.

View File

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
let requiredVersion = import ./lib/minver.nix; in
if ! builtins ? nixVersion || builtins.compareVersions requiredVersion builtins.nixVersion == 1 then
abort ''
This version of Nixpkgs requires Nix >= ${requiredVersion}, please upgrade:
- If you are running NixOS, `nixos-rebuild' can be used to upgrade your system.
- Alternatively, with Nix > 2.0 `nix upgrade-nix' can be used to imperatively
upgrade Nix. You may use `nix-env --version' to check which version you have.
- If you installed Nix using the install script (https://nixos.org/nix/install),
it is safe to upgrade by running it again:
curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
For more information, please see the NixOS release notes at
https://nixos.org/nixos/manual or locally at
${toString ./nixos/doc/manual/release-notes}.
If you need further help, see https://nixos.org/nixos/support.html
''
else
import ./pkgs/top-level/impure.nix

8
doc/.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
*.chapter.xml
*.section.xml
.version
functions/library/generated
functions/library/locations.xml
highlightjs
manual-full.xml
out

View File

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
MD_TARGETS=$(addsuffix .xml, $(basename $(shell find . -type f -regex '.*\.md$$' -not -name README.md)))
PANDOC ?= pandoc
pandoc_media_dir = media
# NOTE: Keep in sync with NixOS manual (/nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh) and conversion script (/maintainers/scripts/db-to-md.sh).
# TODO: Remove raw-attribute when we can get rid of DocBook altogether.
pandoc_commonmark_enabled_extensions = +attributes+fenced_divs+footnotes+bracketed_spans+definition_lists+pipe_tables+raw_attribute
# Not needed:
# - docbook-reader/citerefentry-to-rst-role.lua (only relevant for DocBook → MarkDown/rST/MyST)
pandoc_flags = --extract-media=$(pandoc_media_dir) \
--lua-filter=$(PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR)/diagram-generator.lua \
--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/myst-reader/roles.lua \
--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/link-unix-man-references.lua \
--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/rst-roles.lua \
--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/labelless-link-is-xref.lua \
-f commonmark$(pandoc_commonmark_enabled_extensions)+smart
.PHONY: all
all: validate format out/html/index.html out/epub/manual.epub
.PHONY: debug
debug:
nix-shell --run "xmloscopy --docbook5 ./manual.xml ./manual-full.xml"
.PHONY: format
format: doc-support/result
find . -iname '*.xml' -type f | while read f; do \
echo $$f ;\
xmlformat --config-file "doc-support/result/xmlformat.conf" -i $$f ;\
done
.PHONY: fix-misc-xml
fix-misc-xml:
find . -iname '*.xml' -type f \
-exec ../nixos/doc/varlistentry-fixer.rb {} ';'
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm -f ${MD_TARGETS} doc-support/result .version manual-full.xml functions/library/locations.xml functions/library/generated
rm -rf ./out/ ./highlightjs ./media
.PHONY: validate
validate: manual-full.xml doc-support/result
jing doc-support/result/docbook.rng manual-full.xml
out/html/index.html: doc-support/result manual-full.xml style.css highlightjs
mkdir -p out/html
xsltproc \
--nonet --xinclude \
--output $@ \
doc-support/result/xhtml.xsl \
./manual-full.xml
mkdir -p out/html/highlightjs/
cp -r highlightjs out/html/
cp -r $(pandoc_media_dir) out/html/
cp ./overrides.css out/html/
cp ./style.css out/html/style.css
mkdir -p out/html/images/callouts
cp doc-support/result/xsl/docbook/images/callouts/*.svg out/html/images/callouts/
chmod u+w -R out/html/
out/epub/manual.epub: manual-full.xml
mkdir -p out/epub/scratch
xsltproc --nonet \
--output out/epub/scratch/ \
doc-support/result/epub.xsl \
./manual-full.xml
cp -r $(pandoc_media_dir) out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
cp ./overrides.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
cp ./style.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
mkdir -p out/epub/scratch/OEBPS/images/callouts/
cp doc-support/result/xsl/docbook/images/callouts/*.svg out/epub/scratch/OEBPS/images/callouts/
echo "application/epub+zip" > mimetype
zip -0Xq "out/epub/manual.epub" mimetype
rm mimetype
cd "out/epub/scratch/" && zip -Xr9D "../manual.epub" *
rm -rf "out/epub/scratch/"
highlightjs: doc-support/result
mkdir -p highlightjs
cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/highlight.pack.js highlightjs/
cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/LICENSE highlightjs/
cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/mono-blue.css highlightjs/
cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/loader.js highlightjs/
manual-full.xml: ${MD_TARGETS} .version functions/library/locations.xml functions/library/generated *.xml **/*.xml **/**/*.xml
xmllint --nonet --xinclude --noxincludenode manual.xml --output manual-full.xml
.version: doc-support/result
ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/version .version
doc-support/result: doc-support/default.nix
(cd doc-support; nix-build)
functions/library/locations.xml: doc-support/result
ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/function-locations.xml functions/library/locations.xml
functions/library/generated: doc-support/result
ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/function-docs functions/library/generated
%.section.xml: %.section.md
$(PANDOC) $^ -t docbook \
$(pandoc_flags) \
-o $@
%.chapter.xml: %.chapter.md
$(PANDOC) $^ -t docbook \
--top-level-division=chapter \
$(pandoc_flags) \
-o $@

View File

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
# Nixpkgs/doc
This directory houses the sources files for the Nixpkgs manual.
You can find the [rendered documentation for Nixpkgs `unstable` on nixos.org](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/).
[Docs for Nixpkgs stable](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/) are also available.
If you want to contribute to the documentation, [here's how to do it](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-contributing).
If you're only getting started with Nix, go to [nixos.org/learn](https://nixos.org/learn).

View File

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
--[[
Converts Code AST nodes produced by pandocs DocBook reader
from citerefentry elements into AST for corresponding role
for reStructuredText.
We use subset of MyST syntax (CommonMark with features from rST)
so lets use the rST AST for rST features.
Reference: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html#role-manpage
]]
function Code(elem)
elem.classes = elem.classes:map(function (x)
if x == 'citerefentry' then
elem.attributes['role'] = 'manpage'
return 'interpreted-text'
else
return x
end
end)
return elem
end

View File

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
--[[
Converts Link AST nodes with empty label to DocBook xref elements.
This is a temporary script to be able use cross-references conveniently
using syntax taken from MyST, while we still use docbook-xsl
for generating the documentation.
Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using/syntax.html#targets-and-cross-referencing
]]
local function starts_with(start, str)
return str:sub(1, #start) == start
end
local function escape_xml_arg(arg)
amps = arg:gsub('&', '&amp;')
amps_quotes = amps:gsub('"', '&quot;')
amps_quotes_lt = amps_quotes:gsub('<', '&lt;')
return amps_quotes_lt
end
function Link(elem)
has_no_content = #elem.content == 0
targets_anchor = starts_with('#', elem.target)
has_no_attributes = elem.title == '' and elem.identifier == '' and #elem.classes == 0 and #elem.attributes == 0
if has_no_content and targets_anchor and has_no_attributes then
-- xref expects idref without the pound-sign
target_without_hash = elem.target:sub(2, #elem.target)
return pandoc.RawInline('docbook', '<xref linkend="' .. escape_xml_arg(target_without_hash) .. '" />')
end
end

View File

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
--[[
Converts AST for reStructuredText roles into corresponding
DocBook elements.
Currently, only a subset of roles is supported.
Reference:
List of roles:
https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html
manpage:
https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.1/citerefentry.html
file:
https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.1/filename.html
]]
function Code(elem)
if elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') then
local tag = nil
local content = elem.text
if elem.attributes['role'] == 'manpage' then
tag = 'citerefentry'
local title, volnum = content:match('^(.+)%((%w+)%)$')
if title == nil then
-- No volnum in parentheses.
title = content
end
content = '<refentrytitle>' .. title .. '</refentrytitle>' .. (volnum ~= nil and ('<manvolnum>' .. volnum .. '</manvolnum>') or '')
elseif elem.attributes['role'] == 'file' then
tag = 'filename'
end
if tag ~= nil then
return pandoc.RawInline('docbook', '<' .. tag .. '>' .. content .. '</' .. tag .. '>')
end
end
end

View File

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
--[[
Turns a manpage reference into a link, when a mapping is defined below.
]]
local man_urls = {
["tmpfiles.d(5)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/tmpfiles.d.html",
["nix.conf(5)"] = "https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/#sec-conf-file",
["systemd.time(7)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.time.html",
["systemd.timer(5)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.timer.html",
}
function Code(elem)
local is_man_role = elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') and elem.attributes['role'] == 'manpage'
if is_man_role and man_urls[elem.text] ~= nil then
return pandoc.Link(elem, man_urls[elem.text])
end
end

View File

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
--[[
Replaces Str AST nodes containing {role}, followed by a Code node
by a Code node with attrs that would be produced by rST reader
from the role syntax.
This is to emulate MyST syntax in Pandoc.
(MyST is a CommonMark flavour with rST features mixed in.)
Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point
]]
function Inlines(inlines)
for i = #inlines-1,1,-1 do
local first = inlines[i]
local second = inlines[i+1]
local correct_tags = first.tag == 'Str' and second.tag == 'Code'
if correct_tags then
-- docutils supports alphanumeric strings separated by [-._:]
-- We are slightly more liberal for simplicity.
local role = first.text:match('^{([-._+:%w]+)}$')
if role ~= nil then
inlines:remove(i)
second.attributes['role'] = role
second.classes:insert('interpreted-text')
end
end
end
return inlines
end

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@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
--[[
Replaces Code nodes with attrs that would be produced by rST reader
from the role syntax by a Str AST node containing {role}, followed by a Code node.
This is to emulate MyST syntax in Pandoc.
(MyST is a CommonMark flavour with rST features mixed in.)
Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point
]]
function Code(elem)
local role = elem.attributes['role']
if elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') and role ~= nil then
elem.classes = elem.classes:filter(function (c)
return c ~= 'interpreted-text'
end)
elem.attributes['role'] = nil
return {
pandoc.Str('{' .. role .. '}'),
elem,
}
end
end

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@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
# Fetchers {#chap-pkgs-fetchers}
When using Nix, you will frequently need to download source code and other files from the internet. For this purpose, Nix provides the [_fixed output derivation_](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/#fixed-output-drvs) feature and Nixpkgs provides various functions that implement the actual fetching from various protocols and services.
## Caveats
Because fixed output derivations are _identified_ by their hash, a common mistake is to update a fetcher's URL or a version parameter, without updating the hash. **This will cause the old contents to be used.** So remember to always invalidate the hash argument.
For those who develop and maintain fetchers, a similar problem arises with changes to the implementation of a fetcher. These may cause a fixed output derivation to fail, but won't normally be caught by tests because the supposed output is already in the store or cache. For the purpose of testing, you can use a trick that is embodied by the [`invalidateFetcherByDrvHash`](#tester-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash) function. It uses the derivation `name` to create a unique output path per fetcher implementation, defeating the caching precisely where it would be harmful.
## `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` {#fetchurl}
Two basic fetchers are `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. Both of these have two required arguments, a URL and a hash. The hash is typically `sha256`, although many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently recommended to use `sha256`. This hash will be used by Nix to identify your source. A typical usage of fetchurl is provided below.
```nix
{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "hello";
src = fetchurl {
url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
sha256 = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
};
}
```
The main difference between `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` is in how they store the contents. `fetchurl` will store the unaltered contents of the URL within the Nix store. `fetchzip` on the other hand will decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly accessible in the future. `fetchzip` can only be used with archives. Despite the name, `fetchzip` is not limited to .zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
`fetchpatch` works very similarly to `fetchurl` with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
Most other fetchers return a directory rather than a single file.
## `fetchsvn` {#fetchsvn}
Used with Subversion. Expects `url` to a Subversion directory, `rev`, and `sha256`.
## `fetchgit` {#fetchgit}
Used with Git. Expects `url` to a Git repo, `rev`, and `sha256`. `rev` in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like `refs/tags/v1.0`.
Additionally the following optional arguments can be given: `fetchSubmodules = true` makes `fetchgit` also fetch the submodules of a repository. If `deepClone` is set to true, the entire repository is cloned as opposing to just creating a shallow clone. `deepClone = true` also implies `leaveDotGit = true` which means that the `.git` directory of the clone won't be removed after checkout.
If only parts of the repository are needed, `sparseCheckout` can be used. This will prevent git from fetching unnecessary blobs from server, see [git sparse-checkout](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-sparse-checkout) and [git clone --filter](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone#Documentation/git-clone.txt---filterltfilter-specgt) for more infomation:
```nix
{ stdenv, fetchgit }:
stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "hello";
src = fetchgit {
url = "https://...";
sparseCheckout = ''
path/to/be/included
another/path
'';
sha256 = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
};
}
```
## `fetchfossil` {#fetchfossil}
Used with Fossil. Expects `url` to a Fossil archive, `rev`, and `sha256`.
## `fetchcvs` {#fetchcvs}
Used with CVS. Expects `cvsRoot`, `tag`, and `sha256`.
## `fetchhg` {#fetchhg}
Used with Mercurial. Expects `url`, `rev`, and `sha256`.
A number of fetcher functions wrap part of `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
## `fetchFromGitea` {#fetchfromgitea}
`fetchFromGitea` expects five arguments. `domain` is the gitea server name. `owner` is a string corresponding to the Gitea user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every Gitea HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `sha256` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but `sha256` is currently preferred.
## `fetchFromGitHub` {#fetchfromgithub}
`fetchFromGitHub` expects four arguments. `owner` is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `sha256` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but `sha256` is currently preferred.
`fetchFromGitHub` uses `fetchzip` to download the source archive generated by GitHub for the specified revision. If `leaveDotGit`, `deepClone` or `fetchSubmodules` are set to `true`, `fetchFromGitHub` will use `fetchgit` instead. Refer to its section for documentation of these options.
## `fetchFromGitLab` {#fetchfromgitlab}
This is used with GitLab repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
## `fetchFromGitiles` {#fetchfromgitiles}
This is used with Gitiles repositories. The arguments expected are similar to fetchgit.
## `fetchFromBitbucket` {#fetchfrombitbucket}
This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
## `fetchFromSavannah` {#fetchfromsavannah}
This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
## `fetchFromRepoOrCz` {#fetchfromrepoorcz}
This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
## `fetchFromSourcehut` {#fetchfromsourcehut}
This is used with sourcehut repositories. Similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above,
it expects `owner`, `repo`, `rev` and `sha256`, but don't forget the tilde (~)
in front of the username! Expected arguments also include `vc` ("git" (default)
or "hg"), `domain` and `fetchSubmodules`.
If `fetchSubmodules` is `true`, `fetchFromSourcehut` uses `fetchgit`
or `fetchhg` with `fetchSubmodules` or `fetchSubrepos` set to `true`,
respectively. Otherwise the fetcher uses `fetchzip`.

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@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="chap-images">
<title>Images</title>
<para>
This chapter describes tools for creating various types of images.
</para>
<xi:include href="images/appimagetools.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/dockertools.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/ocitools.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/snaptools.section.xml" />
</chapter>

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@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
# pkgs.appimageTools {#sec-pkgs-appimageTools}
`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
::: {.warning}
The `appimageTools` API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
:::
## AppImage formats {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats}
There are different formats for AppImages, see [the specification](https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format) for details.
- Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
- Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
They can be told apart with `file -k`:
```ShellSession
$ file -k type1.AppImage
type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
$ file -k type2.AppImage
type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
```
Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an `ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem`, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
## Wrapping {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping}
Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use `wrapType1` or `wrapType2`.
```nix
appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
name = "patchwork";
src = fetchurl {
url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
sha256 = "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
};
extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ];
}
```
- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image.
- `src` specifies the AppImage file to extract.
- `extraPkgs` allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
- Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables. This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
- Running `strace -vfefile` on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.

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@@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
# pkgs.dockerTools {#sec-pkgs-dockerTools}
`pkgs.dockerTools` is a set of functions for creating and manipulating Docker images according to the [Docker Image Specification v1.2.0](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#docker-image-specification-v120). Docker itself is not used to perform any of the operations done by these functions.
## buildImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage}
This function is analogous to the `docker build` command, in that it can be used to build a Docker-compatible repository tarball containing a single image with one or multiple layers. As such, the result is suitable for being loaded in Docker with `docker load`.
The parameters of `buildImage` with relative example values are described below:
[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage}
[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot}
```nix
buildImage {
name = "redis";
tag = "latest";
fromImage = someBaseImage;
fromImageName = null;
fromImageTag = "latest";
contents = pkgs.redis;
runAsRoot = ''
#!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
mkdir -p /data
'';
config = {
Cmd = [ "/bin/redis-server" ];
WorkingDir = "/data";
Volumes = { "/data" = { }; };
};
}
```
The above example will build a Docker image `redis/latest` from the given base image. Loading and running this image in Docker results in `redis-server` being started automatically.
- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image. This is the only required argument for `buildImage`.
- `tag` specifies the tag of the resulting image. By default it's `null`, which indicates that the nix output hash will be used as tag.
- `fromImage` is the repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as exported by `docker save`. By default it's `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
- `fromImageName` can be used to further specify the base image within the repository, in case it contains multiple images. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first image available in the repository.
- `fromImageTag` can be used to further specify the tag of the base image within the repository, in case an image contains multiple tags. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first tag available for the base image.
- `contents` is a derivation that will be copied in the new layer of the resulting image. This can be similarly seen as `ADD contents/ /` in a `Dockerfile`. By default it's `null`.
- `runAsRoot` is a bash script that will run as root in an environment that overlays the existing layers of the base image with the new resulting layer, including the previously copied `contents` derivation. This can be similarly seen as `RUN ...` in a `Dockerfile`.
> **_NOTE:_** Using this parameter requires the `kvm` device to be available.
- `config` is used to specify the configuration of the containers that will be started off the built image in Docker. The available options are listed in the [Docker Image Specification v1.2.0](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
After the new layer has been created, its closure (to which `contents`, `config` and `runAsRoot` contribute) will be copied in the layer itself. Only new dependencies that are not already in the existing layers will be copied.
At the end of the process, only one new single layer will be produced and added to the resulting image.
The resulting repository will only list the single image `image/tag`. In the case of [the `buildImage` example](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage) it would be `redis/latest`.
It is possible to inspect the arguments with which an image was built using its `buildArgs` attribute.
> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `getProtocolByName: does not exist (no such protocol name: tcp)` you may need to add `pkgs.iana-etc` to `contents`.
> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `Error_Protocol ("certificate has unknown CA",True,UnknownCa)` you may need to add `pkgs.cacert` to `contents`.
By default `buildImage` will use a static date of one second past the UNIX Epoch. This allows `buildImage` to produce binary reproducible images. When listing images with `docker images`, the newly created images will be listed like this:
```ShellSession
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello latest 08c791c7846e 48 years ago 25.2MB
```
You can break binary reproducibility but have a sorted, meaningful `CREATED` column by setting `created` to `now`.
```nix
pkgs.dockerTools.buildImage {
name = "hello";
tag = "latest";
created = "now";
contents = pkgs.hello;
config.Cmd = [ "/bin/hello" ];
}
```
and now the Docker CLI will display a reasonable date and sort the images as expected:
```ShellSession
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello latest de2bf4786de6 About a minute ago 25.2MB
```
however, the produced images will not be binary reproducible.
## buildLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildLayeredImage}
Create a Docker image with many of the store paths being on their own layer to improve sharing between images. The image is realized into the Nix store as a gzipped tarball. Depending on the intended usage, many users might prefer to use `streamLayeredImage` instead, which this function uses internally.
`name`
: The name of the resulting image.
`tag` _optional_
: Tag of the generated image.
*Default:* the output path's hash
`fromImage` _optional_
: The repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as one exported by `docker save`.
*Default:* `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
`contents` _optional_
: Top level paths in the container. Either a single derivation, or a list of derivations.
*Default:* `[]`
`config` _optional_
: Run-time configuration of the container. A full list of the options are available at in the [ Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 ](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
*Default:* `{}`
`created` _optional_
: Date and time the layers were created. Follows the same `now` exception supported by `buildImage`.
*Default:* `1970-01-01T00:00:01Z`
`maxLayers` _optional_
: Maximum number of layers to create.
*Default:* `100`
*Maximum:* `125`
`extraCommands` _optional_
: Shell commands to run while building the final layer, without access to most of the layer contents. Changes to this layer are "on top" of all the other layers, so can create additional directories and files.
`fakeRootCommands` _optional_
: Shell commands to run while creating the archive for the final layer in a fakeroot environment. Unlike `extraCommands`, you can run `chown` to change the owners of the files in the archive, changing fakeroot's state instead of the real filesystem. The latter would require privileges that the build user does not have. Static binaries do not interact with the fakeroot environment. By default all files in the archive will be owned by root.
`enableFakechroot` _optional_
: Whether to run in `fakeRootCommands` in `fakechroot`, making programs behave as though `/` is the root of the image being created, while files in the Nix store are available as usual. This allows scripts that perform installation in `/` to work as expected. Considering that `fakechroot` is implemented via the same mechanism as `fakeroot`, the same caveats apply.
*Default:* `false`
### Behavior of `contents` in the final image {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-contents}
Each path directly listed in `contents` will have a symlink in the root of the image.
For example:
```nix
pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
name = "hello";
contents = [ pkgs.hello ];
}
```
will create symlinks for all the paths in the `hello` package:
```ShellSession
/bin/hello -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/bin/hello
/share/info/hello.info -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/info/hello.info
/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo
```
### Automatic inclusion of `config` references {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-config}
The closure of `config` is automatically included in the closure of the final image.
This allows you to make very simple Docker images with very little code. This container will start up and run `hello`:
```nix
pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
name = "hello";
config.Cmd = [ "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello" ];
}
```
### Adjusting `maxLayers` {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-maxLayers}
Increasing the `maxLayers` increases the number of layers which have a chance to be shared between different images.
Modern Docker installations support up to 128 layers, however older versions support as few as 42.
If the produced image will not be extended by other Docker builds, it is safe to set `maxLayers` to `128`. However it will be impossible to extend the image further.
The first (`maxLayers-2`) most "popular" paths will have their own individual layers, then layer \#`maxLayers-1` will contain all the remaining "unpopular" paths, and finally layer \#`maxLayers` will contain the Image configuration.
Docker's Layers are not inherently ordered, they are content-addressable and are not explicitly layered until they are composed in to an Image.
## streamLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-streamLayeredImage}
Builds a script which, when run, will stream an uncompressed tarball of a Docker image to stdout. The arguments to this function are as for `buildLayeredImage`. This method of constructing an image does not realize the image into the Nix store, so it saves on IO and disk/cache space, particularly with large images.
The image produced by running the output script can be piped directly into `docker load`, to load it into the local docker daemon:
```ShellSession
$(nix-build) | docker load
```
Alternatively, the image be piped via `gzip` into `skopeo`, e.g. to copy it into a registry:
```ShellSession
$(nix-build) | gzip --fast | skopeo copy docker-archive:/dev/stdin docker://some_docker_registry/myimage:tag
```
## pullImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-fetchFromRegistry}
This function is analogous to the `docker pull` command, in that it can be used to pull a Docker image from a Docker registry. By default [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) is used to pull images.
Its parameters are described in the example below:
```nix
pullImage {
imageName = "nixos/nix";
imageDigest =
"sha256:20d9485b25ecfd89204e843a962c1bd70e9cc6858d65d7f5fadc340246e2116b";
finalImageName = "nix";
finalImageTag = "1.11";
sha256 = "0mqjy3zq2v6rrhizgb9nvhczl87lcfphq9601wcprdika2jz7qh8";
os = "linux";
arch = "x86_64";
}
```
- `imageName` specifies the name of the image to be downloaded, which can also include the registry namespace (e.g. `nixos`). This argument is required.
- `imageDigest` specifies the digest of the image to be downloaded. This argument is required.
- `finalImageName`, if specified, this is the name of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's equal to `imageName`.
- `finalImageTag`, if specified, this is the tag of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's `latest`.
- `sha256` is the checksum of the whole fetched image. This argument is required.
- `os`, if specified, is the operating system of the fetched image. By default it's `linux`.
- `arch`, if specified, is the cpu architecture of the fetched image. By default it's `x86_64`.
`nix-prefetch-docker` command can be used to get required image parameters:
```ShellSession
$ nix run nixpkgs.nix-prefetch-docker -c nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5
```
Since a given `imageName` may transparently refer to a manifest list of images which support multiple architectures and/or operating systems, you can supply the `--os` and `--arch` arguments to specify exactly which image you want. By default it will match the OS and architecture of the host the command is run on.
```ShellSession
$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --arch x86_64 --os linux
```
Desired image name and tag can be set using `--final-image-name` and `--final-image-tag` arguments:
```ShellSession
$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --final-image-name eu.gcr.io/my-project/mysql --final-image-tag prod
```
## exportImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-exportImage}
This function is analogous to the `docker export` command, in that it can be used to flatten a Docker image that contains multiple layers. It is in fact the result of the merge of all the layers of the image. As such, the result is suitable for being imported in Docker with `docker import`.
> **_NOTE:_** Using this function requires the `kvm` device to be available.
The parameters of `exportImage` are the following:
```nix
exportImage {
fromImage = someLayeredImage;
fromImageName = null;
fromImageTag = null;
name = someLayeredImage.name;
}
```
The parameters relative to the base image have the same synopsis as described in [buildImage](#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage), except that `fromImage` is the only required argument in this case.
The `name` argument is the name of the derivation output, which defaults to `fromImage.name`.
## shadowSetup {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-shadowSetup}
This constant string is a helper for setting up the base files for managing users and groups, only if such files don't exist already. It is suitable for being used in a [`buildImage` `runAsRoot`](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot) script for cases like in the example below:
```nix
buildImage {
name = "shadow-basic";
runAsRoot = ''
#!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
${shadowSetup}
groupadd -r redis
useradd -r -g redis redis
mkdir /data
chown redis:redis /data
'';
}
```
Creating base files like `/etc/passwd` or `/etc/login.defs` is necessary for shadow-utils to manipulate users and groups.

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@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
# pkgs.ociTools {#sec-pkgs-ociTools}
`pkgs.ociTools` is a set of functions for creating containers according to the [OCI container specification v1.0.0](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec). Beyond that it makes no assumptions about the container runner you choose to use to run the created container.
## buildContainer {#ssec-pkgs-ociTools-buildContainer}
This function creates a simple OCI container that runs a single command inside of it. An OCI container consists of a `config.json` and a rootfs directory.The nix store of the container will contain all referenced dependencies of the given command.
The parameters of `buildContainer` with an example value are described below:
```nix
buildContainer {
args = [
(with pkgs;
writeScript "run.sh" ''
#!${bash}/bin/bash
exec ${bash}/bin/bash
'').outPath
];
mounts = {
"/data" = {
type = "none";
source = "/var/lib/mydata";
options = [ "bind" ];
};
};
readonly = false;
}
```
- `args` specifies a set of arguments to run inside the container. This is the only required argument for `buildContainer`. All referenced packages inside the derivation will be made available inside the container
- `mounts` specifies additional mount points chosen by the user. By default only a minimal set of necessary filesystems are mounted into the container (e.g procfs, cgroupfs)
- `readonly` makes the container\'s rootfs read-only if it is set to true. The default value is false `false`.

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# pkgs.snapTools {#sec-pkgs-snapTools}
`pkgs.snapTools` is a set of functions for creating Snapcraft images. Snap and Snapcraft is not used to perform these operations.
## The makeSnap Function {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-makeSnap-signature}
`makeSnap` takes a single named argument, `meta`. This argument mirrors [the upstream `snap.yaml` format](https://docs.snapcraft.io/snap-format) exactly.
The `base` should not be specified, as `makeSnap` will force set it.
Currently, `makeSnap` does not support creating GUI stubs.
## Build a Hello World Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-hello}
The following expression packages GNU Hello as a Snapcraft snap.
``` {#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-hello .nix}
let
inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools hello;
in snapTools.makeSnap {
meta = {
name = "hello";
summary = hello.meta.description;
description = hello.meta.longDescription;
architectures = [ "amd64" ];
confinement = "strict";
apps.hello.command = "${hello}/bin/hello";
};
}
```
`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `hello` will now be the Snapcraft version of the package.
## Build a Graphical Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-firefox}
Graphical programs require many more integrations with the host. This example uses Firefox as an example, because it is one of the most complicated programs we could package.
``` {#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-firefox .nix}
let
inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools firefox;
in snapTools.makeSnap {
meta = {
name = "nix-example-firefox";
summary = firefox.meta.description;
architectures = [ "amd64" ];
apps.nix-example-firefox = {
command = "${firefox}/bin/firefox";
plugs = [
"pulseaudio"
"camera"
"browser-support"
"avahi-observe"
"cups-control"
"desktop"
"desktop-legacy"
"gsettings"
"home"
"network"
"mount-observe"
"removable-media"
"x11"
];
};
confinement = "strict";
};
}
```
`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `nix-example-firefox` will now be the Snapcraft version of the Firefox package.
The specific meaning behind plugs can be looked up in the [Snapcraft interface documentation](https://docs.snapcraft.io/supported-interfaces).

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@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
# Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead {#cataclysm-dark-days-ahead}
## How to install Cataclysm DDA {#how-to-install-cataclysm-dda}
To install the latest stable release of Cataclysm DDA to your profile, execute
`nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA cataclysm-dda`. For the curses build (build
without tiles), install `cataclysmDDA.stable.curses`. Note: `cataclysm-dda` is
an alias to `cataclysmDDA.stable.tiles`.
If you like access to a development build of your favorite git revision,
override `cataclysm-dda-git` (or `cataclysmDDA.git.curses` if you like curses
build):
```nix
cataclysm-dda-git.override {
version = "YYYY-MM-DD";
rev = "YOUR_FAVORITE_REVISION";
sha256 = "CHECKSUM_OF_THE_REVISION";
}
```
The sha256 checksum can be obtained by
```sh
nix-prefetch-url --unpack "https://github.com/CleverRaven/Cataclysm-DDA/archive/${YOUR_FAVORITE_REVISION}.tar.gz"
```
The default configuration directory is `~/.cataclysm-dda`. If you prefer
`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/cataclysm-dda`, override the derivation:
```nix
cataclysm-dda.override {
useXdgDir = true;
}
```
## Important note for overriding packages {#important-note-for-overriding-packages}
After applying `overrideAttrs`, you need to fix `passthru.pkgs` and
`passthru.withMods` attributes either manually or by using `attachPkgs`:
```nix
let
# You enabled parallel building.
myCDDA = cataclysm-dda-git.overrideAttrs (_: {
enableParallelBuilding = true;
});
# Unfortunately, this refers to the package before overriding and
# parallel building is still disabled.
badExample = myCDDA.withMods (_: []);
inherit (cataclysmDDA) attachPkgs pkgs wrapCDDA;
# You can fix it by hand
goodExample1 = myCDDA.overrideAttrs (old: {
passthru = old.passthru // {
pkgs = pkgs.override { build = goodExample1; };
withMods = wrapCDDA goodExample1;
};
});
# or by using a helper function `attachPkgs`.
goodExample2 = attachPkgs pkgs myCDDA;
in
# badExample # parallel building disabled
# goodExample1.withMods (_: []) # parallel building enabled
goodExample2.withMods (_: []) # parallel building enabled
```
## Customizing with mods {#customizing-with-mods}
To install Cataclysm DDA with mods of your choice, you can use `withMods`
attribute:
```nix
cataclysm-dda.withMods (mods: with mods; [
tileset.UndeadPeople
])
```
All mods, soundpacks, and tilesets available in nixpkgs are found in
`cataclysmDDA.pkgs`.
Here is an example to modify existing mods and/or add more mods not available
in nixpkgs:
```nix
let
customMods = self: super: lib.recursiveUpdate super {
# Modify existing mod
tileset.UndeadPeople = super.tileset.UndeadPeople.overrideAttrs (old: {
# If you like to apply a patch to the tileset for example
patches = [ ./path/to/your.patch ];
});
# Add another mod
mod.Awesome = cataclysmDDA.buildMod {
modName = "Awesome";
version = "0.x";
src = fetchFromGitHub {
owner = "Someone";
repo = "AwesomeMod";
rev = "...";
sha256 = "...";
};
# Path to be installed in the unpacked source (default: ".")
modRoot = "contents/under/this/path/will/be/installed";
};
# Add another soundpack
soundpack.Fantastic = cataclysmDDA.buildSoundPack {
# ditto
};
# Add another tileset
tileset.SuperDuper = cataclysmDDA.buildTileSet {
# ditto
};
};
in
cataclysm-dda.withMods (mods: with mods.extend customMods; [
tileset.UndeadPeople
mod.Awesome
soundpack.Fantastic
tileset.SuperDuper
])
```

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@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
# Citrix Workspace {#sec-citrix}
The [Citrix Workspace App](https://www.citrix.com/products/workspace-app/) is a remote desktop viewer which provides access to [XenDesktop](https://www.citrix.com/products/xenapp-xendesktop/) installations.
## Basic usage {#sec-citrix-base}
The tarball archive needs to be downloaded manually as the license agreements of the vendor for [Citrix Workspace](https://www.citrix.de/downloads/workspace-app/linux/workspace-app-for-linux-latest.html) needs to be accepted first. Then run `nix-prefetch-url file://$PWD/linuxx64-$version.tar.gz`. With the archive available in the store the package can be built and installed with Nix.
## Citrix Selfservice {#sec-citrix-selfservice}
The [selfservice](https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX200337) is an application managing Citrix desktops and applications. Please note that this feature only works with at least citrix_workspace_20_06_0 and later versions.
In order to set this up, you first have to [download the `.cr` file from the Netscaler Gateway](https://its.uiowa.edu/support/article/102186). After that you can configure the `selfservice` like this:
```ShellSession
$ storebrowse -C ~/Downloads/receiverconfig.cr
$ selfservice
```
## Custom certificates {#sec-citrix-custom-certs}
The `Citrix Workspace App` in `nixpkgs` trusts several certificates [from the Mozilla database](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html) by default. However several companies using Citrix might require their own corporate certificate. On distros with imperative packaging these certs can be stored easily in [`$ICAROOT`](https://developer-docs.citrix.com/projects/receiver-for-linux-command-reference/en/13.7/), however this directory is a store path in `nixpkgs`. In order to work around this issue the package provides a simple mechanism to add custom certificates without rebuilding the entire package using `symlinkJoin`:
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> { config.allowUnfree = true; };
let
extraCerts = [
./custom-cert-1.pem
./custom-cert-2.pem # ...
];
in citrix_workspace.override { inherit extraCerts; }
```

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@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
# DLib {#dlib}
[DLib](http://dlib.net/) is a modern, C++-based toolkit which provides several machine learning algorithms.
## Compiling without AVX support {#compiling-without-avx-support}
Especially older CPUs don\'t support [AVX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions) (Advanced Vector Extensions) instructions that are used by DLib to optimize their algorithms.
On the affected hardware errors like `Illegal instruction` will occur. In those cases AVX support needs to be disabled:
```nix
self: super: { dlib = super.dlib.override { avxSupport = false; }; }
```

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@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
# Eclipse {#sec-eclipse}
The Nix expressions related to the Eclipse platform and IDE are in [`pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse).
Nixpkgs provides a number of packages that will install Eclipse in its various forms. These range from the bare-bones Eclipse Platform to the more fully featured Eclipse SDK or Scala-IDE packages and multiple version are often available. It is possible to list available Eclipse packages by issuing the command:
```ShellSession
$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses --description
```
Once an Eclipse variant is installed it can be run using the `eclipse` command, as expected. From within Eclipse it is then possible to install plugins in the usual manner by either manually specifying an Eclipse update site or by installing the Marketplace Client plugin and using it to discover and install other plugins. This installation method provides an Eclipse installation that closely resemble a manually installed Eclipse.
If you prefer to install plugins in a more declarative manner then Nixpkgs also offer a number of Eclipse plugins that can be installed in an _Eclipse environment_. This type of environment is created using the function `eclipseWithPlugins` found inside the `nixpkgs.eclipses` attribute set. This function takes as argument `{ eclipse, plugins ? [], jvmArgs ? [] }` where `eclipse` is a one of the Eclipse packages described above, `plugins` is a list of plugin derivations, and `jvmArgs` is a list of arguments given to the JVM running the Eclipse. For example, say you wish to install the latest Eclipse Platform with the popular Eclipse Color Theme plugin and also allow Eclipse to use more RAM. You could then add
```nix
packageOverrides = pkgs: {
myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
eclipse = eclipse-platform;
jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
plugins = [ plugins.color-theme ];
};
}
```
to your Nixpkgs configuration (`~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix`) and install it by running `nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA myEclipse` and afterward run Eclipse as usual. It is possible to find out which plugins are available for installation using `eclipseWithPlugins` by running
```ShellSession
$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses.plugins --description
```
If there is a need to install plugins that are not available in Nixpkgs then it may be possible to define these plugins outside Nixpkgs using the `buildEclipseUpdateSite` and `buildEclipsePlugin` functions found in the `nixpkgs.eclipses.plugins` attribute set. Use the `buildEclipseUpdateSite` function to install a plugin distributed as an Eclipse update site. This function takes `{ name, src }` as argument where `src` indicates the Eclipse update site archive. All Eclipse features and plugins within the downloaded update site will be installed. When an update site archive is not available then the `buildEclipsePlugin` function can be used to install a plugin that consists of a pair of feature and plugin JARs. This function takes an argument `{ name, srcFeature, srcPlugin }` where `srcFeature` and `srcPlugin` are the feature and plugin JARs, respectively.
Expanding the previous example with two plugins using the above functions we have
```nix
packageOverrides = pkgs: {
myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
eclipse = eclipse-platform;
jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
plugins = [
plugins.color-theme
(plugins.buildEclipsePlugin {
name = "myplugin1-1.0";
srcFeature = fetchurl {
url = "http:///features/myplugin1.jar";
sha256 = "123";
};
srcPlugin = fetchurl {
url = "http:///plugins/myplugin1.jar";
sha256 = "123";
};
});
(plugins.buildEclipseUpdateSite {
name = "myplugin2-1.0";
src = fetchurl {
stripRoot = false;
url = "http:///myplugin2.zip";
sha256 = "123";
};
});
];
};
}
```

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@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
# Elm {#sec-elm}
To start a development environment do
```ShellSession
nix-shell -p elmPackages.elm elmPackages.elm-format
```
To update the Elm compiler, see `nixpkgs/pkgs/development/compilers/elm/README.md`.
To package Elm applications, [read about elm2nix](https://github.com/hercules-ci/elm2nix#elm2nix).

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@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
# Emacs {#sec-emacs}
## Configuring Emacs {#sec-emacs-config}
The Emacs package comes with some extra helpers to make it easier to configure. `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` allows you to manage packages from ELPA. This means that you will not have to install that packages from within Emacs. For instance, if you wanted to use `company` `counsel`, `flycheck`, `ivy`, `magit`, `projectile`, and `use-package` you could use this as a `~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix` override:
```nix
{
packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
myEmacs = emacs.pkgs.withPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
company
counsel
flycheck
ivy
magit
projectile
use-package
]));
}
}
```
You can install it like any other packages via `nix-env -iA myEmacs`. However, this will only install those packages. It will not `configure` them for us. To do this, we need to provide a configuration file. Luckily, it is possible to do this from within Nix! By modifying the above example, we can make Emacs load a custom config file. The key is to create a package that provide a `default.el` file in `/share/emacs/site-start/`. Emacs knows to load this file automatically when it starts.
```nix
{
packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
myEmacsConfig = writeText "default.el" ''
;; initialize package
(require 'package)
(package-initialize 'noactivate)
(eval-when-compile
(require 'use-package))
;; load some packages
(use-package company
:bind ("<C-tab>" . company-complete)
:diminish company-mode
:commands (company-mode global-company-mode)
:defer 1
:config
(global-company-mode))
(use-package counsel
:commands (counsel-descbinds)
:bind (([remap execute-extended-command] . counsel-M-x)
("C-x C-f" . counsel-find-file)
("C-c g" . counsel-git)
("C-c j" . counsel-git-grep)
("C-c k" . counsel-ag)
("C-x l" . counsel-locate)
("M-y" . counsel-yank-pop)))
(use-package flycheck
:defer 2
:config (global-flycheck-mode))
(use-package ivy
:defer 1
:bind (("C-c C-r" . ivy-resume)
("C-x C-b" . ivy-switch-buffer)
:map ivy-minibuffer-map
("C-j" . ivy-call))
:diminish ivy-mode
:commands ivy-mode
:config
(ivy-mode 1))
(use-package magit
:defer
:if (executable-find "git")
:bind (("C-x g" . magit-status)
("C-x G" . magit-dispatch-popup))
:init
(setq magit-completing-read-function 'ivy-completing-read))
(use-package projectile
:commands projectile-mode
:bind-keymap ("C-c p" . projectile-command-map)
:defer 5
:config
(projectile-global-mode))
'';
myEmacs = emacs.pkgs.withPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
(runCommand "default.el" {} ''
mkdir -p $out/share/emacs/site-lisp
cp ${myEmacsConfig} $out/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el
'')
company
counsel
flycheck
ivy
magit
projectile
use-package
]));
};
}
```
This provides a fairly full Emacs start file. It will load in addition to the user's presonal config. You can always disable it by passing `-q` to the Emacs command.
Sometimes `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` is not enough, as this package set has some priorities imposed on packages (with the lowest priority assigned to Melpa Unstable, and the highest for packages manually defined in `pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix`). But you can't control this priorities when some package is installed as a dependency. You can override it on per-package-basis, providing all the required dependencies manually - but it's tedious and there is always a possibility that an unwanted dependency will sneak in through some other package. To completely override such a package you can use `overrideScope'`.
```nix
overrides = self: super: rec {
haskell-mode = self.melpaPackages.haskell-mode;
...
};
((emacsPackagesFor emacs).overrideScope' overrides).withPackages
(p: with p; [
# here both these package will use haskell-mode of our own choice
ghc-mod
dante
])
```

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@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
# /etc files {#etc}
Certain calls in glibc require access to runtime files found in /etc such as `/etc/protocols` or `/etc/services` -- [getprotobyname](https://linux.die.net/man/3/getprotobyname) is one such function.
On non-NixOS distributions these files are typically provided by packages (i.e. [netbase](https://packages.debian.org/sid/netbase)) if not already pre-installed in your distribution. This can cause non-reproducibility for code if they rely on these files being present.
If [iana-etc](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/trunk-combined/nixpkgs.iana-etc.x86_64-linux) is part of your _buildInputs_ then it will set the environment varaibles `NIX_ETC_PROTOCOLS` and `NIX_ETC_SERVICES` to the corresponding files in the package through a _setup-hook_.
```bash
> nix-shell -p iana-etc
[nix-shell:~]$ env | grep NIX_ETC
NIX_ETC_SERVICES=/nix/store/aj866hr8fad8flnggwdhrldm0g799ccz-iana-etc-20210225/etc/services
NIX_ETC_PROTOCOLS=/nix/store/aj866hr8fad8flnggwdhrldm0g799ccz-iana-etc-20210225/etc/protocols
```
Nixpkg's version of [glibc](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/glibc/default.nix) has been patched to check for the existence of these environment variables. If the environment variable are *not set*, then it will attempt to find the files at the default location within _/etc_.

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@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
# Firefox {#sec-firefox}
## Build wrapped Firefox with extensions and policies {#build-wrapped-firefox-with-extensions-and-policies}
The `wrapFirefox` function allows to pass policies, preferences and extension that are available to Firefox. With the help of `fetchFirefoxAddon` this allows build a Firefox version that already comes with addons pre-installed:
```nix
{
# Nix firefox addons only work with the firefox-esr package.
myFirefox = wrapFirefox firefox-esr-unwrapped {
nixExtensions = [
(fetchFirefoxAddon {
name = "ublock"; # Has to be unique!
url = "https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/downloads/file/3679754/ublock_origin-1.31.0-an+fx.xpi";
sha256 = "1h768ljlh3pi23l27qp961v1hd0nbj2vasgy11bmcrlqp40zgvnr";
})
];
extraPolicies = {
CaptivePortal = false;
DisableFirefoxStudies = true;
DisablePocket = true;
DisableTelemetry = true;
DisableFirefoxAccounts = true;
FirefoxHome = {
Pocket = false;
Snippets = false;
};
UserMessaging = {
ExtensionRecommendations = false;
SkipOnboarding = true;
};
};
extraPrefs = ''
// Show more ssl cert infos
lockPref("security.identityblock.show_extended_validation", true);
'';
};
}
```
If `nixExtensions != null` then all manually installed addons will be uninstalled from your browser profile.
To view available enterprise policies visit [enterprise policies](https://github.com/mozilla/policy-templates#enterprisepoliciesenabled)
or type into the Firefox url bar: `about:policies#documentation`.
Nix installed addons do not have a valid signature, which is why signature verification is disabled. This does not compromise security because downloaded addons are checksumed and manual addons can't be installed. Also make sure that the `name` field of fetchFirefoxAddon is unique. If you remove an addon from the nixExtensions array, rebuild and start Firefox the removed addon will be completly removed with all of its settings.
## Troubleshooting {#sec-firefox-troubleshooting}
If addons are marked as broken or the signature is invalid, make sure you have Firefox ESR installed. Normal Firefox does not provide the ability anymore to disable signature verification for addons thus nix addons get disabled by the normal Firefox binary.
If addons do not appear installed although they have been defined in your nix configuration file reset the local addon state of your Firefox profile by clicking `help -> restart with addons disabled -> restart -> refresh firefox`. This can happen if you switch from manual addon mode to nix addon mode and then back to manual mode and then again to nix addon mode.

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# Fish {#sec-fish}
Fish is a "smart and user-friendly command line shell" with support for plugins.
## Vendor Fish scripts {#sec-fish-vendor}
Any package may ship its own Fish completions, configuration snippets, and
functions. Those should be installed to
`$out/share/fish/vendor_{completions,conf,functions}.d` respectively.
When the `programs.fish.enable` and
`programs.fish.vendor.{completions,config,functions}.enable` options from the
NixOS Fish module are set to true, those paths are symlinked in the current
system environment and automatically loaded by Fish.
## Packaging Fish plugins {#sec-fish-plugins-pkg}
While packages providing standalone executables belong to the top level,
packages which have the sole purpose of extending Fish belong to the
`fishPlugins` scope and should be registered in
`pkgs/shells/fish/plugins/default.nix`.
The `buildFishPlugin` utility function can be used to automatically copy Fish
scripts from `$src/{completions,conf,conf.d,functions}` to the standard vendor
installation paths. It also sets up the test environment so that the optional
`checkPhase` is executed in a Fish shell with other already packaged plugins
and package-local Fish functions specified in `checkPlugins` and
`checkFunctionDirs` respectively.
See `pkgs/shells/fish/plugins/pure.nix` for an example of Fish plugin package
using `buildFishPlugin` and running unit tests with the `fishtape` test runner.
## Fish wrapper {#sec-fish-wrapper}
The `wrapFish` package is a wrapper around Fish which can be used to create
Fish shells initialised with some plugins as well as completions, configuration
snippets and functions sourced from the given paths. This provides a convenient
way to test Fish plugins and scripts without having to alter the environment.
```nix
wrapFish {
pluginPkgs = with fishPlugins; [ pure foreign-env ];
completionDirs = [];
functionDirs = [];
confDirs = [ "/path/to/some/fish/init/dir/" ];
}
```

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@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
# FUSE {#sec-fuse}
Some packages rely on
[FUSE](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/fuse.html) to provide
support for additional filesystems not supported by the kernel.
In general, FUSE software are primarily developed for Linux but many of them can
also run on macOS. Nixpkgs supports FUSE packages on macOS, but it requires
[macFUSE](https://osxfuse.github.io) to be installed outside of Nix. macFUSE
currently isn't packaged in Nixpkgs mainly because it includes a kernel
extension, which isn't supported by Nix outside of NixOS.
If a package fails to run on macOS with an error message similar to the
following, it's a likely sign that you need to have macFUSE installed.
dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/lib/libfuse.2.dylib
Referenced from: /nix/store/w8bi72bssv0bnxhwfw3xr1mvn7myf37x-sshfs-fuse-2.10/bin/sshfs
Reason: image not found
[1] 92299 abort /nix/store/w8bi72bssv0bnxhwfw3xr1mvn7myf37x-sshfs-fuse-2.10/bin/sshfs
Package maintainers may often encounter the following error when building FUSE
packages on macOS:
checking for fuse.h... no
configure: error: No fuse.h found.
This happens on autoconf based projects that uses `AC_CHECK_HEADERS` or
`AC_CHECK_LIBS` to detect libfuse, and will occur even when the `fuse` package
is included in `buildInputs`. It happens because libfuse headers throw an error
on macOS if the `FUSE_USE_VERSION` macro is undefined. Many proejcts do define
`FUSE_USE_VERSION`, but only inside C source files. This results in the above
error at configure time because the configure script would attempt to compile
sample FUSE programs without defining `FUSE_USE_VERSION`.
There are two possible solutions for this problem in Nixpkgs:
1. Pass `FUSE_USE_VERSION` to the configure script by adding
`CFLAGS=-DFUSE_USE_VERSION=25` in `configureFlags`. The actual value would
have to match the definition used in the upstream source code.
2. Remove `AC_CHECK_HEADERS` / `AC_CHECK_LIBS` for libfuse.
However, a better solution might be to fix the build script upstream to use
`PKG_CHECK_MODULES` instead. This approach wouldn't suffer from the problem that
`AC_CHECK_HEADERS`/`AC_CHECK_LIBS` has at the price of introducing a dependency
on pkg-config.

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@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
# ibus-engines.typing-booster {#sec-ibus-typing-booster}
This package is an ibus-based completion method to speed up typing.
## Activating the engine {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-activate}
IBus needs to be configured accordingly to activate `typing-booster`. The configuration depends on the desktop manager in use. For detailed instructions, please refer to the [upstream docs](https://mike-fabian.github.io/ibus-typing-booster/documentation.html).
On NixOS you need to explicitly enable `ibus` with given engines before customizing your desktop to use `typing-booster`. This can be achieved using the `ibus` module:
```nix
{ pkgs, ... }: {
i18n.inputMethod = {
enabled = "ibus";
ibus.engines = with pkgs.ibus-engines; [ typing-booster ];
};
}
```
## Using custom hunspell dictionaries {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-customize-hunspell}
The IBus engine is based on `hunspell` to support completion in many languages. By default the dictionaries `de-de`, `en-us`, `fr-moderne` `es-es`, `it-it`, `sv-se` and `sv-fi` are in use. To add another dictionary, the package can be overridden like this:
```nix
ibus-engines.typing-booster.override { langs = [ "de-at" "en-gb" ]; }
```
_Note: each language passed to `langs` must be an attribute name in `pkgs.hunspellDicts`._
## Built-in emoji picker {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-emoji-picker}
The `ibus-engines.typing-booster` package contains a program named `emoji-picker`. To display all emojis correctly, a special font such as `noto-fonts-emoji` is needed:
On NixOS it can be installed using the following expression:
```nix
{ pkgs, ... }: { fonts.fonts = with pkgs; [ noto-fonts-emoji ]; }
```

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@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="chap-packages">
<title>Packages</title>
<para>
This chapter contains information about how to use and maintain the Nix expressions for a number of specific packages, such as the Linux kernel or X.org.
</para>
<xi:include href="citrix.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="dlib.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="eclipse.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="elm.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="emacs.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="firefox.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="fish.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="fuse.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="ibus.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="kakoune.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="linux.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="locales.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="etc-files.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="nginx.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="opengl.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="shell-helpers.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="steam.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="cataclysm-dda.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="urxvt.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="weechat.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="xorg.section.xml" />
</chapter>

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@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
# Kakoune {#sec-kakoune}
Kakoune can be built to autoload plugins:
```nix
(kakoune.override {
plugins = with pkgs.kakounePlugins; [ parinfer-rust ];
})
```

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# Linux kernel {#sec-linux-kernel}
The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in [`pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel).
The function that builds the kernel has an argument `kernelPatches` which should be a list of `{name, patch, extraConfig}` attribute sets, where `name` is the name of the patch (which is included in the kernels `meta.description` attribute), `patch` is the patch itself (possibly compressed), and `extraConfig` (optional) is a string specifying extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file (`.config`).
The kernel derivation exports an attribute `features` specifying whether optional functionality is or isnt enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the `iwlwifi` feature (i.e. has built-in support for Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesnt have to build the external `iwlwifi` package:
```nix
modulesTree = [kernel]
++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
++ ...;
```
How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
1. Copy the old Nix expression (e.g. `linux-2.6.21.nix`) to the new one (e.g. `linux-2.6.22.nix`) and update it.
2. Add the new kernel to the `kernels` attribute set in `linux-kernels.nix` (e.g., create an attribute `kernel_2_6_22`).
3. Now were going to update the kernel configuration. First unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform (`i686`, `x86_64`, `uml`) do the following:
1. Make an copy from the old config (e.g. `config-2.6.21-i686-smp`) to the new one (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
2. Copy the config file for this platform (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`) to `.config` in the kernel source tree.
3. Run `make oldconfig ARCH={i386,x86_64,um}` and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also add `SHELL=bash`.) Make sure to keep the configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. dont enable some feature on `i686` and disable it on `x86_64`).
4. If needed you can also run `make menuconfig`:
```ShellSession
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA ncurses
$ export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
$ make menuconfig ARCH=arch
```
5. Copy `.config` over the new config file (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
4. Test building the kernel: `nix-build -A linuxKernel.kernels.kernel_2_6_22`. If it compiles, ship it! For extra credit, try booting NixOS with it.
5. It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the `linuxPackagesFor` function in `linux-kernels.nix` (such as the NVIDIA drivers, AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages arent backwards compatible with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions around.

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# Locales {#locales}
To allow simultaneous use of packages linked against different versions of `glibc` with different locale archive formats Nixpkgs patches `glibc` to rely on `LOCALE_ARCHIVE` environment variable.
On non-NixOS distributions this variable is obviously not set. This can cause regressions in language support or even crashes in some Nixpkgs-provided programs. The simplest way to mitigate this problem is exporting the `LOCALE_ARCHIVE` variable pointing to `${glibcLocales}/lib/locale/locale-archive`. The drawback (and the reason this is not the default) is the relatively large (a hundred MiB) size of the full set of locales. It is possible to build a custom set of locales by overriding parameters `allLocales` and `locales` of the package.

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# Nginx {#sec-nginx}
[Nginx](https://nginx.org) is a reverse proxy and lightweight webserver.
## ETags on static files served from the Nix store {#sec-nginx-etag}
HTTP has a couple different mechanisms for caching to prevent clients from having to download the same content repeatedly if a resource has not changed since the last time it was requested. When nginx is used as a server for static files, it implements the caching mechanism based on the [`Last-Modified`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Last-Modified) response header automatically; unfortunately, it works by using filesystem timestamps to determine the value of the `Last-Modified` header. This doesn't give the desired behavior when the file is in the Nix store, because all file timestamps are set to 0 (for reasons related to build reproducibility).
Fortunately, HTTP supports an alternative (and more effective) caching mechanism: the [`ETag`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag) response header. The value of the `ETag` header specifies some identifier for the particular content that the server is sending (e.g. a hash). When a client makes a second request for the same resource, it sends that value back in an `If-None-Match` header. If the ETag value is unchanged, then the server does not need to resend the content.
As of NixOS 19.09, the nginx package in Nixpkgs is patched such that when nginx serves a file out of `/nix/store`, the hash in the store path is used as the `ETag` header in the HTTP response, thus providing proper caching functionality. This happens automatically; you do not need to do modify any configuration to get this behavior.

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@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
# OpenGL {#sec-opengl}
OpenGL support varies depending on which hardware is used and which drivers are available and loaded.
Broadly, we support both GL vendors: Mesa and NVIDIA.
## NixOS Desktop {#nixos-desktop}
The NixOS desktop or other non-headless configurations are the primary target for OpenGL libraries and applications. The current solution for discovering which drivers are available is based on [libglvnd](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/glvnd/libglvnd). `libglvnd` performs "vendor-neutral dispatch", trying a variety of techniques to find the system's GL implementation. In practice, this will be either via standard GLX for X11 users or EGL for Wayland users, and supporting either NVIDIA or Mesa extensions.
## Nix on GNU/Linux {#nix-on-gnulinux}
If you are using a non-NixOS GNU/Linux/X11 desktop with free software video drivers, consider launching OpenGL-dependent programs from Nixpkgs with Nixpkgs versions of `libglvnd` and `mesa.drivers` in `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`. For Mesa drivers, the Linux kernel version doesn't have to match nixpkgs.
For proprietary video drivers you might have luck with also adding the corresponding video driver package.

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# Interactive shell helpers {#sec-shell-helpers}
Some packages provide the shell integration to be more useful. But unlike other systems, nix doesn't have a standard `share` directory location. This is why a bunch `PACKAGE-share` scripts are shipped that print the location of the corresponding shared folder. Current list of such packages is as following:
- `fzf` : `fzf-share`
E.g. `fzf` can then used in the `.bashrc` like this:
```bash
source "$(fzf-share)/completion.bash"
source "$(fzf-share)/key-bindings.bash"
```

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@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
# Steam {#sec-steam}
## Steam in Nix {#sec-steam-nix}
Steam is distributed as a `.deb` file, for now only as an i686 package (the amd64 package only has documentation). When unpacked, it has a script called `steam` that in Ubuntu (their target distro) would go to `/usr/bin`. When run for the first time, this script copies some files to the user's home, which include another script that is the ultimate responsible for launching the steam binary, which is also in \$HOME.
Nix problems and constraints:
- We don't have `/bin/bash` and many scripts point there. Similarly for `/usr/bin/python`.
- We don't have the dynamic loader in `/lib`.
- The `steam.sh` script in \$HOME can not be patched, as it is checked and rewritten by steam.
- The steam binary cannot be patched, it's also checked.
The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible chroot environment, as documented [here](http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.nl/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html). This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system, and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
## How to play {#sec-steam-play}
Use `programs.steam.enable = true;` if you want to add steam to systemPackages and also enable a few workarrounds aswell as Steam controller support or other Steam supported controllers such as the DualShock 4 or Nintendo Switch Pr.
## Troubleshooting {#sec-steam-troub}
- **Steam fails to start. What do I do?**
Try to run
```ShellSession
strace steam
```
to see what is causing steam to fail.
- **Using the FOSS Radeon or nouveau (nvidia) drivers**
- The `newStdcpp` parameter was removed since NixOS 17.09 and should not be needed anymore.
- Steam ships statically linked with a version of libcrypto that conflics with the one dynamically loaded by radeonsi_dri.so. If you get the error
```
steam.sh: line 713: 7842 Segmentation fault (core dumped)
```
have a look at [this pull request](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/20269).
- **Java**
1. There is no java in steam chrootenv by default. If you get a message like
```
/home/foo/.local/share/Steam/SteamApps/common/towns/towns.sh: line 1: java: command not found
```
you need to add
```nix
steam.override { withJava = true; };
```
## steam-run {#sec-steam-run}
The FHS-compatible chroot used for Steam can also be used to run other Linux games that expect a FHS environment. To use it, install the `steam-run` package and run the game with
```
steam-run ./foo
```

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="unfree-software">
<title>Unfree software</title>
<para>
All users of Nixpkgs are free software users, and many users (and developers) of Nixpkgs want to limit and tightly control their exposure to unfree software. At the same time, many users need (or want) to run some specific pieces of proprietary software. Nixpkgs includes some expressions for unfree software packages. By default unfree software cannot be installed and doesnt show up in searches. To allow installing unfree software in a single Nix invocation one can export <literal>NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1</literal>. For a persistent solution, users can set <literal>allowUnfree</literal> in the Nixpkgs configuration.
</para>
<para>
Fine-grained control is possible by defining <literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal> function in config; it takes the <literal>mkDerivation</literal> parameter attrset and returns <literal>true</literal> for unfree packages that should be allowed.
</para>
</section>

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@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
# Urxvt {#sec-urxvt}
Urxvt, also known as rxvt-unicode, is a highly customizable terminal emulator.
## Configuring urxvt {#sec-urxvt-conf}
In `nixpkgs`, urxvt is provided by the package `rxvt-unicode`. It can be configured to include your choice of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, use an overlay or directly install an expression that overrides its configuration, such as
```nix
rxvt-unicode.override {
configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
plugins = with availablePlugins; [ perls resize-font vtwheel ];
};
}
```
If the `configure` function returns an attrset without the `plugins` attribute, `availablePlugins` will be used automatically.
In order to add plugins but also keep all default plugins installed, it is possible to use the following method:
```nix
rxvt-unicode.override {
configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
plugins = (builtins.attrValues availablePlugins) ++ [ custom-plugin ];
};
}
```
To get a list of all the plugins available, open the Nix REPL and run
```ShellSession
$ nix repl
:l <nixpkgs>
map (p: p.name) pkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins
```
Alternatively, if your shell is bash or zsh and have completion enabled, simply type `nixpkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins.<tab>`.
In addition to `plugins` the options `extraDeps` and `perlDeps` can be used to install extra packages. `extraDeps` can be used, for example, to provide `xsel` (a clipboard manager) to the clipboard plugin, without installing it globally:
```nix
rxvt-unicode.override {
configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
pluginsDeps = [ xsel ];
};
}
```
`perlDeps` is a handy way to provide Perl packages to your custom plugins (in `$HOME/.urxvt/ext`). For example, if you need `AnyEvent` you can do:
```nix
rxvt-unicode.override {
configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
perlDeps = with perlPackages; [ AnyEvent ];
};
}
```
## Packaging urxvt plugins {#sec-urxvt-pkg}
Urxvt plugins resides in `pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins`. To add a new plugin create an expression in a subdirectory and add the package to the set in `pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins/default.nix`.
A plugin can be any kind of derivation, the only requirement is that it should always install perl scripts in `$out/lib/urxvt/perl`. Look for existing plugins for examples.
If the plugin is itself a perl package that needs to be imported from other plugins or scripts, add the following passthrough:
```nix
passthru.perlPackages = [ "self" ];
```
This will make the urxvt wrapper pick up the dependency and set up the perl path accordingly.

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# Weechat {#sec-weechat}
Weechat can be configured to include your choice of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, install an expression that overrides its configuration such as
```nix
weechat.override {configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
plugins = with availablePlugins; [ python perl ];
}
}
```
If the `configure` function returns an attrset without the `plugins` attribute, `availablePlugins` will be used automatically.
The plugins currently available are `python`, `perl`, `ruby`, `guile`, `tcl` and `lua`.
The python and perl plugins allows the addition of extra libraries. For instance, the `inotify.py` script in `weechat-scripts` requires D-Bus or libnotify, and the `fish.py` script requires `pycrypto`. To use these scripts, use the plugin's `withPackages` attribute:
```nix
weechat.override { configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
plugins = with availablePlugins; [
(python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]))
];
};
}
```
In order to also keep all default plugins installed, it is possible to use the following method:
```nix
weechat.override { configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
plugins = builtins.attrValues (availablePlugins // {
python = availablePlugins.python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]);
});
}; }
```
WeeChat allows to set defaults on startup using the `--run-command`. The `configure` method can be used to pass commands to the program:
```nix
weechat.override {
configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
init = ''
/set foo bar
/server add libera irc.libera.chat
'';
};
}
```
Further values can be added to the list of commands when running `weechat --run-command "your-commands"`.
Additionally it's possible to specify scripts to be loaded when starting `weechat`. These will be loaded before the commands from `init`:
```nix
weechat.override {
configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
scripts = with pkgs.weechatScripts; [
weechat-xmpp weechat-matrix-bridge wee-slack
];
init = ''
/set plugins.var.python.jabber.key "val"
'':
};
}
```
In `nixpkgs` there's a subpackage which contains derivations for WeeChat scripts. Such derivations expect a `passthru.scripts` attribute which contains a list of all scripts inside the store path. Furthermore all scripts have to live in `$out/share`. An exemplary derivation looks like this:
```nix
{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "exemplary-weechat-script";
src = fetchurl {
url = "https://scripts.tld/your-scripts.tar.gz";
sha256 = "...";
};
passthru.scripts = [ "foo.py" "bar.lua" ];
installPhase = ''
mkdir $out/share
cp foo.py $out/share
cp bar.lua $out/share
'';
}
```

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@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
# X.org {#sec-xorg}
The Nix expressions for the X.org packages reside in `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/default.nix`. This file is automatically generated from lists of tarballs in an X.org release. As such it should not be modified directly; rather, you should modify the lists, the generator script or the file `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix`, in which you can override or add to the derivations produced by the generator.
## Katamari Tarballs {#katamari-tarballs}
X.org upstream releases used to include [katamari](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A) releases, which included a holistic recommended version for each tarball, up until 7.7. To create a list of tarballs in a katamari release:
```ShellSession
export release="X11R7.7"
export url="mirror://xorg/$release/src/everything/"
cat $(PRINT_PATH=1 nix-prefetch-url $url | tail -n 1) \
| perl -e 'while (<>) { if (/(href|HREF)="([^"]*.bz2)"/) { print "$ENV{'url'}$2\n"; }; }' \
| sort > "tarballs-$release.list"
```
## Individual Tarballs {#individual-tarballs}
The upstream release process for [X11R7.8](https://x.org/wiki/Releases/7.8/) does not include a planned katamari. Instead, each component of X.org is released as its own tarball. We maintain `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/tarballs.list` as a list of tarballs for each individual package. This list includes X.org core libraries and protocol descriptions, extra newer X11 interface libraries, like `xorg.libxcb`, and classic utilities which are largely unused but still available if needed, like `xorg.imake`.
## Generating Nix Expressions {#generating-nix-expressions}
The generator is invoked as follows:
```ShellSession
cd pkgs/servers/x11/xorg
<tarballs.list perl ./generate-expr-from-tarballs.pl
```
For each of the tarballs in the `.list` files, the script downloads it, unpacks it, and searches its `configure.ac` and `*.pc.in` files for dependencies. This information is used to generate `default.nix`. The generator caches downloaded tarballs between runs. Pay close attention to the `NOT FOUND: $NAME` messages at the end of the run, since they may indicate missing dependencies. (Some might be optional dependencies, however.)
## Overriding the Generator {#overriding-the-generator}
If the expression for a package requires derivation attributes that the generator cannot figure out automatically (say, `patches` or a `postInstall` hook), you should modify `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix`.

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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="chap-special">
<title>Special builders</title>
<para>
This chapter describes several special builders.
</para>
<xi:include href="special/fhs-environments.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="special/mkshell.section.xml" />
</chapter>

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@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
# buildFHSUserEnv {#sec-fhs-environments}
`buildFHSUserEnv` provides a way to build and run FHS-compatible lightweight sandboxes. It creates an isolated root with bound `/nix/store`, so its footprint in terms of disk space needed is quite small. This allows one to run software which is hard or unfeasible to patch for NixOS -- 3rd-party source trees with FHS assumptions, games distributed as tarballs, software with integrity checking and/or external self-updated binaries. It uses Linux namespaces feature to create temporary lightweight environments which are destroyed after all child processes exit, without root user rights requirement. Accepted arguments are:
- `name`
Environment name.
- `targetPkgs`
Packages to be installed for the main host's architecture (i.e. x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Along with libraries binaries are also installed.
- `multiPkgs`
Packages to be installed for all architectures supported by a host (i.e. i686 and x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Only libraries are installed by default.
- `extraBuildCommands`
Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the directory structure.
- `extraBuildCommandsMulti`
Like `extraBuildCommands`, but executed only on multilib architectures.
- `extraOutputsToInstall`
Additional derivation outputs to be linked for both target and multi-architecture packages.
- `extraInstallCommands`
Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the derivation with runner script.
- `runScript`
A command that would be executed inside the sandbox and passed all the command line arguments. It defaults to `bash`.
- `profile`
Optional script for `/etc/profile` within the sandbox.
One can create a simple environment using a `shell.nix` like that:
```nix
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
(pkgs.buildFHSUserEnv {
name = "simple-x11-env";
targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
[ udev
alsa-lib
]) ++ (with pkgs.xorg;
[ libX11
libXcursor
libXrandr
]);
multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
[ udev
alsa-lib
]);
runScript = "bash";
}).env
```
Running `nix-shell` would then drop you into a shell with these libraries and binaries available. You can use this to run closed-source applications which expect FHS structure without hassles: simply change `runScript` to the application path, e.g. `./bin/start.sh` -- relative paths are supported.
Additionally, the FHS builder links all relocated gsettings-schemas (the glib setup-hook moves them to `share/gsettings-schemas/${name}/glib-2.0/schemas`) to their standard FHS location. This means you don't need to wrap binaries with `wrapGAppsHook`.

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# pkgs.mkShell {#sec-pkgs-mkShell}
`pkgs.mkShell` is a specialized `stdenv.mkDerivation` that removes some
repetition when using it with `nix-shell` (or `nix develop`).
## Usage {#sec-pkgs-mkShell-usage}
Here is a common usage example:
```nix
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
pkgs.mkShell {
packages = [ pkgs.gnumake ];
inputsFrom = [ pkgs.hello pkgs.gnutar ];
shellHook = ''
export DEBUG=1
'';
}
```
## Attributes
* `name` (default: `nix-shell`). Set the name of the derivation.
* `packages` (default: `[]`). Add executable packages to the `nix-shell` environment.
* `inputsFrom` (default: `[]`). Add build dependencies of the listed derivations to the `nix-shell` environment.
* `shellHook` (default: `""`). Bash statements that are executed by `nix-shell`.
... all the attributes of `stdenv.mkDerivation`.
## Building the shell
This derivation output will contain a text file that contains a reference to
all the build inputs. This is useful in CI where we want to make sure that
every derivation, and its dependencies, build properly. Or when creating a GC
root so that the build dependencies don't get garbage-collected.

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# Testers {#chap-testers}
This chapter describes several testing builders which are available in the <literal>testers</literal> namespace.
## `testVersion` {#tester-testVersion}
Checks the command output contains the specified version
Although simplistic, this test assures that the main program
can run. While there's no substitute for a real test case,
it does catch dynamic linking errors and such. It also provides
some protection against accidentally building the wrong version,
for example when using an 'old' hash in a fixed-output derivation.
Examples:
```nix
passthru.tests.version = testVersion { package = hello; };
passthru.tests.version = testVersion {
package = seaweedfs;
command = "weed version";
};
passthru.tests.version = testVersion {
package = key;
command = "KeY --help";
# Wrong '2.5' version in the code. Drop on next version.
version = "2.5";
};
```
## `testEqualDerivation` {#tester-testEqualDerivation}
Checks that two packages produce the exact same build instructions.
This can be used to make sure that a certain difference of configuration,
such as the presence of an overlay does not cause a cache miss.
When the derivations are equal, the return value is an empty file.
Otherwise, the build log explains the difference via `nix-diff`.
Example:
```nix
testEqualDerivation
"The hello package must stay the same when enabling checks."
hello
(hello.overrideAttrs(o: { doCheck = true; }))
```
## `invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` {#tester-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash}
Use the derivation hash to invalidate the output via name, for testing.
Type: `(a@{ name, ... } -> Derivation) -> a -> Derivation`
Normally, fixed output derivations can and should be cached by their output
hash only, but for testing we want to re-fetch everytime the fetcher changes.
Changes to the fetcher become apparent in the drvPath, which is a hash of
how to fetch, rather than a fixed store path.
By inserting this hash into the name, we can make sure to re-run the fetcher
every time the fetcher changes.
This relies on the assumption that Nix isn't clever enough to reuse its
database of local store contents to optimize fetching.
You might notice that the "salted" name derives from the normal invocation,
not the final derivation. `invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` has to invoke the fetcher
function twice: once to get a derivation hash, and again to produce the final
fixed output derivation.
Example:
```nix
tests.fetchgit = invalidateFetcherByDrvHash fetchgit {
name = "nix-source";
url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix";
rev = "9d9dbe6ed05854e03811c361a3380e09183f4f4a";
sha256 = "sha256-7DszvbCNTjpzGRmpIVAWXk20P0/XTrWZ79KSOGLrUWY=";
};
```

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@@ -1,223 +0,0 @@
# Trivial builders {#chap-trivial-builders}
Nixpkgs provides a couple of functions that help with building derivations. The most important one, `stdenv.mkDerivation`, has already been documented above. The following functions wrap `stdenv.mkDerivation`, making it easier to use in certain cases.
## `runCommand` {#trivial-builder-runCommand}
This takes three arguments, `name`, `env`, and `buildCommand`. `name` is just the name that Nix will append to the store path in the same way that `stdenv.mkDerivation` uses its `name` attribute. `env` is an attribute set specifying environment variables that will be set for this derivation. These attributes are then passed to the wrapped `stdenv.mkDerivation`. `buildCommand` specifies the commands that will be run to create this derivation. Note that you will need to create `$out` for Nix to register the command as successful.
An example of using `runCommand` is provided below.
```nix
(import <nixpkgs> {}).runCommand "my-example" {} ''
echo My example command is running
mkdir $out
echo I can write data to the Nix store > $out/message
echo I can also run basic commands like:
echo ls
ls
echo whoami
whoami
echo date
date
''
```
## `runCommandCC` {#trivial-builder-runCommandCC}
This works just like `runCommand`. The only difference is that it also provides a C compiler in `buildCommand`'s environment. To minimize your dependencies, you should only use this if you are sure you will need a C compiler as part of running your command.
## `runCommandLocal` {#trivial-builder-runCommandLocal}
Variant of `runCommand` that forces the derivation to be built locally, it is not substituted. This is intended for very cheap commands (<1s execution time). It saves on the network roundrip and can speed up a build.
::: {.note}
This sets [`allowSubstitutes` to `false`](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes), so only use `runCommandLocal` if you are certain the user will always have a builder for the `system` of the derivation. This should be true for most trivial use cases (e.g. just copying some files to a different location or adding symlinks), because there the `system` is usually the same as `builtins.currentSystem`.
:::
## `writeTextFile`, `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, `writeScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeText}
These functions write `text` to the Nix store. This is useful for creating scripts from Nix expressions. `writeTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `text`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `text` will be the contents of the file. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
Many more commands wrap `writeTextFile` including `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, and `writeScriptBin`. These are convenience functions over `writeTextFile`.
Here are a few examples:
```nix
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>
writeTextFile {
name = "my-file";
text = ''
Contents of File
'';
}
# See also the `writeText` helper function below.
# Writes executable my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file
writeTextFile {
name = "my-file";
text = ''
Contents of File
'';
executable = true;
destination = "/bin/my-file";
}
# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>
writeText "my-file"
''
Contents of File
'';
# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>/share/my-file
writeTextDir "share/my-file"
''
Contents of File
'';
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable
writeScript "my-file"
''
Contents of File
'';
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
writeScriptBin "my-file"
''
Contents of File
'';
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable.
writeShellScript "my-file"
''
Contents of File
'';
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
writeShellScriptBin "my-file"
''
Contents of File
'';
```
## `concatTextFile`, `concatText`, `concatScript` {#trivial-builder-concatText}
These functions concatenate `files` to the Nix store in a single file. This is useful for configuration files structured in lines of text. `concatTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `files`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `files` will be the files to be concatenated. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
`concatText` and`concatScript` are simple wrappers over `concatTextFile`.
Here are a few examples:
```nix
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>
concatTextFile {
name = "my-file";
files = [ drv1 "${drv2}/path/to/file" ];
}
# See also the `concatText` helper function below.
# Writes executable my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file
concatTextFile {
name = "my-file";
files = [ drv1 "${drv2}/path/to/file" ];
executable = true;
destination = "/bin/my-file";
}
# Writes contents of files to /nix/store/<store path>
concatText "my-file" [ file1 file2 ]
# Writes contents of files to /nix/store/<store path>
concatScript "my-file" [ file1 file2 ]
```
## `writeShellApplication` {#trivial-builder-writeShellApplication}
This can be used to easily produce a shell script that has some dependencies (`runtimeInputs`). It automatically sets the `PATH` of the script to contain all of the listed inputs, sets some sanity shellopts (`errexit`, `nounset`, `pipefail`), and checks the resulting script with [`shellcheck`](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck).
For example, look at the following code:
```nix
writeShellApplication {
name = "show-nixos-org";
runtimeInputs = [ curl w3m ];
text = ''
curl -s 'https://nixos.org' | w3m -dump -T text/html
'';
}
```
Unlike with normal `writeShellScriptBin`, there is no need to manually write out `${curl}/bin/curl`, setting the PATH
was handled by `writeShellApplication`. Moreover, the script is being checked with `shellcheck` for more strict
validation.
## `symlinkJoin` {#trivial-builder-symlinkJoin}
This can be used to put many derivations into the same directory structure. It works by creating a new derivation and adding symlinks to each of the paths listed. It expects two arguments, `name`, and `paths`. `name` is the name used in the Nix store path for the created derivation. `paths` is a list of paths that will be symlinked. These paths can be to Nix store derivations or any other subdirectory contained within.
Here is an example:
```nix
# adds symlinks of hello and stack to current build and prints "links added"
symlinkJoin { name = "myexample"; paths = [ pkgs.hello pkgs.stack ]; postBuild = "echo links added"; }
```
This creates a derivation with a directory structure like the following:
```
/nix/store/sglsr5g079a5235hy29da3mq3hv8sjmm-myexample
|-- bin
| |-- hello -> /nix/store/qy93dp4a3rqyn2mz63fbxjg228hffwyw-hello-2.10/bin/hello
| `-- stack -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/bin/stack
`-- share
|-- bash-completion
| `-- completions
| `-- stack -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/share/bash-completion/completions/stack
|-- fish
| `-- vendor_completions.d
| `-- stack.fish -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/stack.fish
...
```
## `writeReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeReferencesToFile}
Writes the closure of transitive dependencies to a file.
This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --requisites`.
For example,
```nix
writeReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
```
produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-deps` containing
```nix
/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
/nix/store/<hash>-hi
/nix/store/<hash>-libidn2-2.3.0
/nix/store/<hash>-libunistring-0.9.10
/nix/store/<hash>-glibc-2.32-40
```
You can see that this includes `hi`, the original input path,
`hello`, which is a direct reference, but also
the other paths that are indirectly required to run `hello`.
## `writeDirectReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeDirectReferencesToFile}
Writes the set of references to the output file, that is, their immediate dependencies.
This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --references`.
For example,
```nix
writeDirectReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
```
produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-references` containing
```nix
/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
```
but none of `hello`'s dependencies, because those are not referenced directly
by `hi`'s output.

View File

@@ -1,665 +0,0 @@
# Coding conventions {#chap-conventions}
## Syntax {#sec-syntax}
- Use 2 spaces of indentation per indentation level in Nix expressions, 4 spaces in shell scripts.
- Do not use tab characters, i.e. configure your editor to use soft tabs. For instance, use `(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)` in Emacs. Everybody has different tab settings so its asking for trouble.
- Use `lowerCamelCase` for variable names, not `UpperCamelCase`. Note, this rule does not apply to package attribute names, which instead follow the rules in [](#sec-package-naming).
- Function calls with attribute set arguments are written as
```nix
foo {
arg = ...;
}
```
not
```nix
foo
{
arg = ...;
}
```
Also fine is
```nix
foo { arg = ...; }
```
if it's a short call.
- In attribute sets or lists that span multiple lines, the attribute names or list elements should be aligned:
```nix
# A long list.
list = [
elem1
elem2
elem3
];
# A long attribute set.
attrs = {
attr1 = short_expr;
attr2 =
if true then big_expr else big_expr;
};
# Combined
listOfAttrs = [
{
attr1 = 3;
attr2 = "fff";
}
{
attr1 = 5;
attr2 = "ggg";
}
];
```
- Short lists or attribute sets can be written on one line:
```nix
# A short list.
list = [ elem1 elem2 elem3 ];
# A short set.
attrs = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
```
- Breaking in the middle of a function argument can give hard-to-read code, like
```nix
someFunction { x = 1280;
y = 1024; } otherArg
yetAnotherArg
```
(especially if the argument is very large, spanning multiple lines).
Better:
```nix
someFunction
{ x = 1280; y = 1024; }
otherArg
yetAnotherArg
```
or
```nix
let res = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
in someFunction res otherArg yetAnotherArg
```
- The bodies of functions, asserts, and withs are not indented to prevent a lot of superfluous indentation levels, i.e.
```nix
{ arg1, arg2 }:
assert system == "i686-linux";
stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
```
not
```nix
{ arg1, arg2 }:
assert system == "i686-linux";
stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
```
- Function formal arguments are written as:
```nix
{ arg1, arg2, arg3 }:
```
but if they don't fit on one line they're written as:
```nix
{ arg1, arg2, arg3
, arg4, ...
, # Some comment...
argN
}:
```
- Functions should list their expected arguments as precisely as possible. That is, write
```nix
{ stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: ...
```
instead of
```nix
args: with args; ...
```
or
```nix
{ stdenv, fetchurl, perl, ... }: ...
```
For functions that are truly generic in the number of arguments (such as wrappers around `mkDerivation`) that have some required arguments, you should write them using an `@`-pattern:
```nix
{ stdenv, doCoverageAnalysis ? false, ... } @ args:
stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
... if doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
})
```
instead of
```nix
args:
args.stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
... if args ? doCoverageAnalysis && args.doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
})
```
- Unnecessary string conversions should be avoided. Do
```nix
rev = version;
```
instead of
```nix
rev = "${version}";
```
- Building lists conditionally _should_ be done with `lib.optional(s)` instead of using `if cond then [ ... ] else null` or `if cond then [ ... ] else [ ]`.
```nix
buildInputs = lib.optional stdenv.isDarwin iconv;
```
instead of
```nix
buildInputs = if stdenv.isDarwin then [ iconv ] else null;
```
As an exception, an explicit conditional expression with null can be used when fixing a important bug without triggering a mass rebuild.
If this is done a follow up pull request _should_ be created to change the code to `lib.optional(s)`.
- Arguments should be listed in the order they are used, with the exception of `lib`, which always goes first.
## Package naming {#sec-package-naming}
The key words _must_, _must not_, _required_, _shall_, _shall not_, _should_, _should not_, _recommended_, _may_, and _optional_ in this section are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). Only _emphasized_ words are to be interpreted in this way.
In Nixpkgs, there are generally three different names associated with a package:
- The `name` attribute of the derivation (excluding the version part). This is what most users see, in particular when using `nix-env`.
- The variable name used for the instantiated package in `all-packages.nix`, and when passing it as a dependency to other functions. Typically this is called the _package attribute name_. This is what Nix expression authors see. It can also be used when installing using `nix-env -iA`.
- The filename for (the directory containing) the Nix expression.
Most of the time, these are the same. For instance, the package `e2fsprogs` has a `name` attribute `"e2fsprogs-version"`, is bound to the variable name `e2fsprogs` in `all-packages.nix`, and the Nix expression is in `pkgs/os-specific/linux/e2fsprogs/default.nix`.
There are a few naming guidelines:
- The `pname` attribute _should_ be identical to the upstream package name.
- The `pname` and the `version` attribute _must not_ contain uppercase letters — e.g., `"mplayer" instead of `"MPlayer"`.
- The `version` attribute _must_ start with a digit e.g`"0.3.1rc2".
- If a package is not a release but a commit from a repository, then the `version` attribute _must_ be the date of that (fetched) commit. The date _must_ be in `"unstable-YYYY-MM-DD"` format.
- Dashes in the package `pname` _should_ be preserved in new variable names, rather than converted to underscores or camel cased — e.g., `http-parser` instead of `http_parser` or `httpParser`. The hyphenated style is preferred in all three package names.
- If there are multiple versions of a package, this _should_ be reflected in the variable names in `all-packages.nix`, e.g. `json-c_0_9` and `json-c_0_11`. If there is an obvious “default” version, make an attribute like `json-c = json-c_0_9;`. See also [](#sec-versioning)
## File naming and organisation {#sec-organisation}
Names of files and directories should be in lowercase, with dashes between words — not in camel case. For instance, it should be `all-packages.nix`, not `allPackages.nix` or `AllPackages.nix`.
### Hierarchy {#sec-hierarchy}
Each package should be stored in its own directory somewhere in the `pkgs/` tree, i.e. in `pkgs/category/subcategory/.../pkgname`. Below are some rules for picking the right category for a package. Many packages fall under several categories; what matters is the _primary_ purpose of a package. For example, the `libxml2` package builds both a library and some tools; but its a library foremost, so it goes under `pkgs/development/libraries`.
When in doubt, consider refactoring the `pkgs/` tree, e.g. creating new categories or splitting up an existing category.
**If its used to support _software development_:**
- **If its a _library_ used by other packages:**
- `development/libraries` (e.g. `libxml2`)
- **If its a _compiler_:**
- `development/compilers` (e.g. `gcc`)
- **If its an _interpreter_:**
- `development/interpreters` (e.g. `guile`)
- **If its a (set of) development _tool(s)_:**
- **If its a _parser generator_ (including lexers):**
- `development/tools/parsing` (e.g. `bison`, `flex`)
- **If its a _build manager_:**
- `development/tools/build-managers` (e.g. `gnumake`)
- **Else:**
- `development/tools/misc` (e.g. `binutils`)
- **Else:**
- `development/misc`
**If its a (set of) _tool(s)_:**
(A tool is a relatively small program, especially one intended to be used non-interactively.)
- **If its for _networking_:**
- `tools/networking` (e.g. `wget`)
- **If its for _text processing_:**
- `tools/text` (e.g. `diffutils`)
- **If its a _system utility_, i.e., something related or essential to the operation of a system:**
- `tools/system` (e.g. `cron`)
- **If its an _archiver_ (which may include a compression function):**
- `tools/archivers` (e.g. `zip`, `tar`)
- **If its a _compression_ program:**
- `tools/compression` (e.g. `gzip`, `bzip2`)
- **If its a _security_-related program:**
- `tools/security` (e.g. `nmap`, `gnupg`)
- **Else:**
- `tools/misc`
**If its a _shell_:**
- `shells` (e.g. `bash`)
**If its a _server_:**
- **If its a web server:**
- `servers/http` (e.g. `apache-httpd`)
- **If its an implementation of the X Windowing System:**
- `servers/x11` (e.g. `xorg` — this includes the client libraries and programs)
- **Else:**
- `servers/misc`
**If its a _desktop environment_:**
- `desktops` (e.g. `kde`, `gnome`, `enlightenment`)
**If its a _window manager_:**
- `applications/window-managers` (e.g. `awesome`, `stumpwm`)
**If its an _application_:**
A (typically large) program with a distinct user interface, primarily used interactively.
- **If its a _version management system_:**
- `applications/version-management` (e.g. `subversion`)
- **If its a _terminal emulator_:**
- `applications/terminal-emulators` (e.g. `alacritty` or `rxvt` or `termite`)
- **If its for _video playback / editing_:**
- `applications/video` (e.g. `vlc`)
- **If its for _graphics viewing / editing_:**
- `applications/graphics` (e.g. `gimp`)
- **If its for _networking_:**
- **If its a _mailreader_:**
- `applications/networking/mailreaders` (e.g. `thunderbird`)
- **If its a _newsreader_:**
- `applications/networking/newsreaders` (e.g. `pan`)
- **If its a _web browser_:**
- `applications/networking/browsers` (e.g. `firefox`)
- **Else:**
- `applications/networking/misc`
- **Else:**
- `applications/misc`
**If its _data_ (i.e., does not have a straight-forward executable semantics):**
- **If its a _font_:**
- `data/fonts`
- **If its an _icon theme_:**
- `data/icons`
- **If its related to _SGML/XML processing_:**
- **If its an _XML DTD_:**
- `data/sgml+xml/schemas/xml-dtd` (e.g. `docbook`)
- **If its an _XSLT stylesheet_:**
(Okay, these are executable...)
- `data/sgml+xml/stylesheets/xslt` (e.g. `docbook-xsl`)
- **If its a _theme_ for a _desktop environment_, a _window manager_ or a _display manager_:**
- `data/themes`
**If its a _game_:**
- `games`
**Else:**
- `misc`
### Versioning {#sec-versioning}
Because every version of a package in Nixpkgs creates a potential maintenance burden, old versions of a package should not be kept unless there is a good reason to do so. For instance, Nixpkgs contains several versions of GCC because other packages dont build with the latest version of GCC. Other examples are having both the latest stable and latest pre-release version of a package, or to keep several major releases of an application that differ significantly in functionality.
If there is only one version of a package, its Nix expression should be named `e2fsprogs/default.nix`. If there are multiple versions, this should be reflected in the filename, e.g. `e2fsprogs/1.41.8.nix` and `e2fsprogs/1.41.9.nix`. The version in the filename should leave out unnecessary detail. For instance, if we keep the latest Firefox 2.0.x and 3.5.x versions in Nixpkgs, they should be named `firefox/2.0.nix` and `firefox/3.5.nix`, respectively (which, at a given point, might contain versions `2.0.0.20` and `3.5.4`). If a version requires many auxiliary files, you can use a subdirectory for each version, e.g. `firefox/2.0/default.nix` and `firefox/3.5/default.nix`.
All versions of a package _must_ be included in `all-packages.nix` to make sure that they evaluate correctly.
## Fetching Sources {#sec-sources}
There are multiple ways to fetch a package source in nixpkgs. The general guideline is that you should package reproducible sources with a high degree of availability. Right now there is only one fetcher which has mirroring support and that is `fetchurl`. Note that you should also prefer protocols which have a corresponding proxy environment variable.
You can find many source fetch helpers in `pkgs/build-support/fetch*`.
In the file `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix` you can find fetch helpers, these have names on the form `fetchFrom*`. The intention of these are to provide snapshot fetches but using the same api as some of the version controlled fetchers from `pkgs/build-support/`. As an example going from bad to good:
- Bad: Uses `git://` which won't be proxied.
```nix
src = fetchgit {
url = "git://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
}
```
- Better: This is ok, but an archive fetch will still be faster.
```nix
src = fetchgit {
url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
}
```
- Best: Fetches a snapshot archive and you get the rev you want.
```nix
src = fetchFromGitHub {
owner = "NixOS";
repo = "nix";
rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
sha256 = "1i2yxndxb6yc9l6c99pypbd92lfq5aac4klq7y2v93c9qvx2cgpc";
}
```
Find the value to put as `sha256` by running `nix run -f '<nixpkgs>' nix-prefetch-github -c nix-prefetch-github --rev 1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae NixOS nix` or `nix-prefetch-url --unpack https://github.com/NixOS/nix/archive/1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae.tar.gz`.
## Obtaining source hash {#sec-source-hashes}
Preferred source hash type is sha256. There are several ways to get it.
1. Prefetch URL (with `nix-prefetch-XXX URL`, where `XXX` is one of `url`, `git`, `hg`, `cvs`, `bzr`, `svn`). Hash is printed to stdout.
2. Prefetch by package source (with `nix-prefetch-url '<nixpkgs>' -A PACKAGE.src`, where `PACKAGE` is package attribute name). Hash is printed to stdout.
This works well when you've upgraded existing package version and want to find out new hash, but is useless if package can't be accessed by attribute or package has multiple sources (`.srcs`, architecture-dependent sources, etc).
3. Upstream provided hash: use it when upstream provides `sha256` or `sha512` (when upstream provides `md5`, don't use it, compute `sha256` instead).
A little nuance is that `nix-prefetch-*` tools produce hash encoded with `base32`, but upstream usually provides hexadecimal (`base16`) encoding. Fetchers understand both formats. Nixpkgs does not standardize on any one format.
You can convert between formats with nix-hash, for example:
```ShellSession
$ nix-hash --type sha256 --to-base32 HASH
```
4. Extracting hash from local source tarball can be done with `sha256sum`. Use `nix-prefetch-url file:///path/to/tarball` if you want base32 hash.
5. Fake hash: set fake hash in package expression, perform build and extract correct hash from error Nix prints.
For package updates it is enough to change one symbol to make hash fake. For new packages, you can use `lib.fakeSha256`, `lib.fakeSha512` or any other fake hash.
This is last resort method when reconstructing source URL is non-trivial and `nix-prefetch-url -A` isnt applicable (for example, [one of `kodi` dependencies](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d2ab091dd308b99e4912b805a5eb088dd536adb9/pkgs/applications/video/kodi/default.nix#L73)). The easiest way then would be replace hash with a fake one and rebuild. Nix build will fail and error message will contain desired hash.
::: {.warning}
This method has security problems. Check below for details.
:::
### Obtaining hashes securely {#sec-source-hashes-security}
Let's say Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) sits close to your network. Then instead of fetching source you can fetch malware, and instead of source hash you get hash of malware. Here are security considerations for this scenario:
- `http://` URLs are not secure to prefetch hash from;
- hashes from upstream (in method 3) should be obtained via secure protocol;
- `https://` URLs are secure in methods 1, 2, 3;
- `https://` URLs are not secure in method 5. When obtaining hashes with fake hash method, TLS checks are disabled. So refetch source hash from several different networks to exclude MITM scenario. Alternatively, use fake hash method to make Nix error, but instead of extracting hash from error, extract `https://` URL and prefetch it with method 1.
## Patches {#sec-patches}
Patches available online should be retrieved using `fetchpatch`.
```nix
patches = [
(fetchpatch {
name = "fix-check-for-using-shared-freetype-lib.patch";
url = "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=patch;h=8f5d285";
sha256 = "1f0k043rng7f0rfl9hhb89qzvvksqmkrikmm38p61yfx51l325xr";
})
];
```
Otherwise, you can add a `.patch` file to the `nixpkgs` repository. In the interest of keeping our maintenance burden to a minimum, only patches that are unique to `nixpkgs` should be added in this way.
```nix
patches = [ ./0001-changes.patch ];
```
If you do need to do create this sort of patch file, one way to do so is with git:
1. Move to the root directory of the source code you're patching.
```ShellSession
$ cd the/program/source
```
2. If a git repository is not already present, create one and stage all of the source files.
```ShellSession
$ git init
$ git add .
```
3. Edit some files to make whatever changes need to be included in the patch.
4. Use git to create a diff, and pipe the output to a patch file:
```ShellSession
$ git diff -a > nixpkgs/pkgs/the/package/0001-changes.patch
```
If a patch is available online but does not cleanly apply, it can be modified in some fixed ways by using additional optional arguments for `fetchpatch`:
- `relative`: Similar to using `git-diff`'s `--relative` flag, only keep changes inside the specified directory, making paths relative to it.
- `stripLen`: Remove the first `stripLen` components of pathnames in the patch.
- `extraPrefix`: Prefix pathnames by this string.
- `excludes`: Exclude files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
- `includes`: Include only files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
- `revert`: Revert the patch.
Note that because the checksum is computed after applying these effects, using or modifying these arguments will have no effect unless the `sha256` argument is changed as well.
## Package tests {#sec-package-tests}
Tests are important to ensure quality and make reviews and automatic updates easy.
The following types of tests exists:
* [NixOS **module tests**](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests), which spawn one or more NixOS VMs. They exercise both NixOS modules and the packaged programs used within them. For example, a NixOS module test can start a web server VM running the `nginx` module, and a client VM running `curl` or a graphical `firefox`, and test that they can talk to each other and display the correct content.
* Nix **package tests** are a lightweight alternative to NixOS module tests. They should be used to create simple integration tests for packages, but cannot test NixOS services, and some programs with graphical user interfaces may also be difficult to test with them.
* The **`checkPhase` of a package**, which should execute the unit tests that are included in the source code of a package.
Here in the nixpkgs manual we describe mostly _package tests_; for _module tests_ head over to the corresponding [section in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests).
### Writing inline package tests {#ssec-inline-package-tests-writing}
For very simple tests, they can be written inline:
```nix
{ …, yq-go }:
buildGoModule rec {
passthru.tests = {
simple = runCommand "${pname}-test" {} ''
echo "test: 1" | ${yq-go}/bin/yq eval -j > $out
[ "$(cat $out | tr -d $'\n ')" = '{"test":1}' ]
'';
};
}
```
### Writing larger package tests {#ssec-package-tests-writing}
This is an example using the `phoronix-test-suite` package with the current best practices.
Add the tests in `passthru.tests` to the package definition like this:
```nix
{ stdenv, lib, fetchurl, callPackage }:
stdenv.mkDerivation {
passthru.tests = {
simple-execution = callPackage ./tests.nix { };
};
meta = { … };
}
```
Create `tests.nix` in the package directory:
```nix
{ runCommand, phoronix-test-suite }:
let
inherit (phoronix-test-suite) pname version;
in
runCommand "${pname}-tests" { meta.timeout = 60; }
''
# automatic initial setup to prevent interactive questions
${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite enterprise-setup >/dev/null
# get version of installed program and compare with package version
if [[ `${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite version` != *"${version}"* ]]; then
echo "Error: program version does not match package version"
exit 1
fi
# run dummy command
${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite dummy_module.dummy-command >/dev/null
# needed for Nix to register the command as successful
touch $out
''
```
### Running package tests {#ssec-package-tests-running}
You can run these tests with:
```ShellSession
$ cd path/to/nixpkgs
$ nix-build -A phoronix-test-suite.tests
```
### Examples of package tests {#ssec-package-tests-examples}
Here are examples of package tests:
- [Jasmin compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/jasmin/test-assemble-hello-world/default.nix)
- [Lobster compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/lobster/test-can-run-hello-world.nix)
- [Spacy annotation test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/python-modules/spacy/annotation-test/default.nix)
- [Libtorch test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/science/math/libtorch/test/default.nix)
- [Multiple tests for nanopb](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/nanopb/default.nix)
### Linking NixOS module tests to a package {#ssec-nixos-tests-linking}
Like [package tests](#ssec-package-tests-writing) as shown above, [NixOS module tests](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests) can also be linked to a package, so that the tests can be easily run when changing the related package.
For example, assuming we're packaging `nginx`, we can link its module test via `passthru.tests`:
```nix
{ stdenv, lib, nixosTests }:
stdenv.mkDerivation {
...
passthru.tests = {
nginx = nixosTests.nginx;
};
...
}
```

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@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
# Contributing to this documentation {#chap-contributing}
The sources of the Nixpkgs manual are in the [doc](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/doc) subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository. The manual is still partially written in DocBook but it is progressively being converted to [Markdown](#sec-contributing-markup).
You can quickly check your edits with `make`:
```ShellSession
$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
$ nix-shell
[nix-shell]$ make
```
If you experience problems, run `make debug` to help understand the docbook errors.
After making modifications to the manual, it's important to build it before committing. You can do that as follows:
```ShellSession
$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
$ nix-shell
[nix-shell]$ make clean
[nix-shell]$ nix-build .
```
If the build succeeds, the manual will be in `./result/share/doc/nixpkgs/manual.html`.
## Syntax {#sec-contributing-markup}
As per [RFC 0072](https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/pull/72), all new documentation content should be written in [CommonMark](https://commonmark.org/) Markdown dialect.
Additionally, the following syntax extensions are currently used:
- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-anchors}
Explicitly defined **anchors** on headings, to allow linking to sections. These should be always used, to ensure the anchors can be linked even when the heading text changes, and to prevent conflicts between [automatically assigned identifiers](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/auto_identifiers.md).
It uses the widely compatible [header attributes](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/attributes.md) syntax:
```markdown
## Syntax {#sec-contributing-markup}
```
- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-anchors-inline}
**Inline anchors**, which allow linking arbitrary place in the text (e.g. individual list items, sentences…).
They are defined using a hybrid of the link syntax with the attributes syntax known from headings, called [bracketed spans](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/bracketed_spans.md):
```markdown
- []{#ssec-gnome-hooks-glib} `glib` setup hook will populate `GSETTINGS_SCHEMAS_PATH` and then `wrapGAppsHook` will prepend it to `XDG_DATA_DIRS`.
```
- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-automatic-links}
If you **omit a link text** for a link pointing to a section, the text will be substituted automatically. For example, `[](#chap-contributing)` will result in [](#chap-contributing).
This syntax is taken from [MyST](https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using/syntax.html#targets-and-cross-referencing).
- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-inline-roles}
If you want to link to a man page, you can use `` {manpage}`nix.conf(5)` ``, which will turn into {manpage}`nix.conf(5)`.
The references will turn into links when a mapping exists in {file}`doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/link-unix-man-references.lua`.
This syntax is taken from [MyST](https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point). Though, the feature originates from [reStructuredText](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html#role-manpage) with slightly different syntax.
- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-admonitions}
**Admonitions**, set off from the text to bring attention to something.
It uses pandocs [fenced `div`s syntax](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/fenced_divs.md):
```markdown
::: {.warning}
This is a warning
:::
```
which renders as
> ::: {.warning}
> This is a warning.
> :::
The following are supported:
- [`caution`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/caution.html)
- [`important`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/important.html)
- [`note`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/note.html)
- [`tip`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/tip.html)
- [`warning`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/warning.html)
- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-definition-lists}
[**Definition lists**](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/definition_lists.md), for defining a group of terms:
```markdown
pear
: green or yellow bulbous fruit
watermelon
: green fruit with red flesh
```
which renders as
> pear
> : green or yellow bulbous fruit
>
> watermelon
> : green fruit with red flesh
For contributing to the legacy parts, please see [DocBook: The Definitive Guide](https://tdg.docbook.org/) or the [DocBook rocks! primer](https://web.archive.org/web/20200816233747/https://docbook.rocks/).

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# Quick Start to Adding a Package {#chap-quick-start}
To add a package to Nixpkgs:
1. Checkout the Nixpkgs source tree:
```ShellSession
$ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs
$ cd nixpkgs
```
2. Find a good place in the Nixpkgs tree to add the Nix expression for your package. For instance, a library package typically goes into `pkgs/development/libraries/pkgname`, while a web browser goes into `pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/pkgname`. See [](#sec-organisation) for some hints on the tree organisation. Create a directory for your package, e.g.
```ShellSession
$ mkdir pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo
```
3. In the package directory, create a Nix expression — a piece of code that describes how to build the package. In this case, it should be a _function_ that is called with the package dependencies as arguments, and returns a build of the package in the Nix store. The expression should usually be called `default.nix`.
```ShellSession
$ emacs pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix
$ git add pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix
```
You can have a look at the existing Nix expressions under `pkgs/` to see how its done. Here are some good ones:
- GNU Hello: [`pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix). Trivial package, which specifies some `meta` attributes which is good practice.
- GNU cpio: [`pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix). Also a simple package. The generic builder in `stdenv` does everything for you. It has no dependencies beyond `stdenv`.
- GNU Multiple Precision arithmetic library (GMP): [`pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix). Also done by the generic builder, but has a dependency on `m4`.
- Pan, a GTK-based newsreader: [`pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix). Has an optional dependency on `gtkspell`, which is only built if `spellCheck` is `true`.
- Apache HTTPD: [`pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix). A bunch of optional features, variable substitutions in the configure flags, a post-install hook, and miscellaneous hackery.
- Thunderbird: [`pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix). Lots of dependencies.
- JDiskReport, a Java utility: [`pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix). Nixpkgs doesnt have a decent `stdenv` for Java yet so this is pretty ad-hoc.
- XML::Simple, a Perl module: [`pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix) (search for the `XMLSimple` attribute). Most Perl modules are so simple to build that they are defined directly in `perl-packages.nix`; no need to make a separate file for them.
- Adobe Reader: [`pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix). Shows how binary-only packages can be supported. In particular the [builder](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/builder.sh) uses `patchelf` to set the RUNPATH and ELF interpreter of the executables so that the right libraries are found at runtime.
Some notes:
- All [`meta`](#chap-meta) attributes are optional, but its still a good idea to provide at least the `description`, `homepage` and [`license`](#sec-meta-license).
- You can use `nix-prefetch-url url` to get the SHA-256 hash of source distributions. There are similar commands as `nix-prefetch-git` and `nix-prefetch-hg` available in `nix-prefetch-scripts` package.
- A list of schemes for `mirror://` URLs can be found in [`pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix).
The exact syntax and semantics of the Nix expression language, including the built-in function, are described in the Nix manual in the [chapter on writing Nix expressions](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nix/trunk/tarball/latest/download-by-type/doc/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions).
4. Add a call to the function defined in the previous step to [`pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix) with some descriptive name for the variable, e.g. `libfoo`.
```ShellSession
$ emacs pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
```
The attributes in that file are sorted by category (like “Development / Libraries”) that more-or-less correspond to the directory structure of Nixpkgs, and then by attribute name.
5. To test whether the package builds, run the following command from the root of the nixpkgs source tree:
```ShellSession
$ nix-build -A libfoo
```
where `libfoo` should be the variable name defined in the previous step. You may want to add the flag `-K` to keep the temporary build directory in case something fails. If the build succeeds, a symlink `./result` to the package in the Nix store is created.
6. If you want to install the package into your profile (optional), do
```ShellSession
$ nix-env -f . -iA libfoo
```
7. Optionally commit the new package and open a pull request [to nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls), or use [the Patches category](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/about-the-patches-category/477) on Discourse for sending a patch without a GitHub account.

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@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
# Reviewing contributions {#chap-reviewing-contributions}
::: {.warning}
The following section is a draft, and the policy for reviewing is still being discussed in issues such as [#11166](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/11166) and [#20836](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/20836).
:::
The Nixpkgs project receives a fairly high number of contributions via GitHub pull requests. Reviewing and approving these is an important task and a way to contribute to the project.
The high change rate of Nixpkgs makes any pull request that remains open for too long subject to conflicts that will require extra work from the submitter or the merger. Reviewing pull requests in a timely manner and being responsive to the comments is the key to avoid this issue. GitHub provides sort filters that can be used to see the [most recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc) and the [least recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-asc) updated pull requests. We highly encourage looking at [this list of ready to merge, unreviewed pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+review%3Anone+status%3Asuccess+-label%3A%222.status%3A+work-in-progress%22+no%3Aproject+no%3Aassignee+no%3Amilestone).
When reviewing a pull request, please always be nice and polite. Controversial changes can lead to controversial opinions, but it is important to respect every community member and their work.
GitHub provides reactions as a simple and quick way to provide feedback to pull requests or any comments. The thumb-down reaction should be used with care and if possible accompanied with some explanation so the submitter has directions to improve their contribution.
pull request reviews should include a list of what has been reviewed in a comment, so other reviewers and mergers can know the state of the review.
All the review template samples provided in this section are generic and meant as examples. Their usage is optional and the reviewer is free to adapt them to their liking.
## Package updates {#reviewing-contributions-package-updates}
A package update is the most trivial and common type of pull request. These pull requests mainly consist of updating the version part of the package name and the source hash.
It can happen that non-trivial updates include patches or more complex changes.
Reviewing process:
- Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
- Ensure that the commit text fits the guidelines.
- Ensure that the package maintainers are notified.
- [CODEOWNERS](https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners) will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
- Ensure that the meta field information is correct.
- License can change with version updates, so it should be checked to match the upstream license.
- If the package has no maintainer, a maintainer must be set. This can be the update submitter or a community member that accepts to take maintainership of the package.
- Ensure that the code contains no typos.
- Building the package locally.
- pull requests are often targeted to the master or staging branch, and building the pull request locally when it is submitted can trigger many source builds.
- It is possible to rebase the changes on nixos-unstable or nixpkgs-unstable for easier review by running the following commands from a nixpkgs clone.
```ShellSession
$ git fetch origin nixos-unstable
$ git fetch origin pull/PRNUMBER/head
$ git rebase --onto nixos-unstable BASEBRANCH FETCH_HEAD
```
- The first command fetches the nixos-unstable branch.
- The second command fetches the pull request changes, `PRNUMBER` is the number at the end of the pull request title and `BASEBRANCH` the base branch of the pull request.
- The third command rebases the pull request changes to the nixos-unstable branch.
- The [nixpkgs-review](https://github.com/Mic92/nixpkgs-review) tool can be used to review a pull request content in a single command. `PRNUMBER` should be replaced by the number at the end of the pull request title. You can also provide the full github pull request url.
```ShellSession
$ nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review pr PRNUMBER"
```
- Running every binary.
Sample template for a package update review is provided below.
```markdown
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] package name fits guidelines
- [ ] package version fits guidelines
- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] all depending packages build
##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
```
## New packages {#reviewing-contributions-new-packages}
New packages are a common type of pull requests. These pull requests consists in adding a new nix-expression for a package.
Review process:
- Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
- Ensure that the commit name fits the guidelines.
- Ensure that the meta fields contain correct information.
- License must match the upstream license.
- Platforms should be set (or the package will not get binary substitutes).
- Maintainers must be set. This can be the package submitter or a community member that accepts taking up maintainership of the package.
- Report detected typos.
- Ensure the package source:
- Uses mirror URLs when available.
- Uses the most appropriate functions (e.g. packages from GitHub should use `fetchFromGitHub`).
- Building the package locally.
- Running every binary.
Sample template for a new package review is provided below.
```markdown
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] package path fits guidelines
- [ ] package name fits guidelines
- [ ] package version fits guidelines
- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] `meta.description` is set and fits guidelines
- [ ] `meta.license` fits upstream license
- [ ] `meta.platforms` is set
- [ ] `meta.maintainers` is set
- [ ] build time only dependencies are declared in `nativeBuildInputs`
- [ ] source is fetched using the appropriate function
- [ ] the list of `phases` is not overridden
- [ ] when a phase (like `installPhase`) is overridden it starts with `runHook preInstall` and ends with `runHook postInstall`.
- [ ] patches that are remotely available are fetched with `fetchpatch`
##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
```
## Module updates {#reviewing-contributions-module-updates}
Module updates are submissions changing modules in some ways. These often contains changes to the options or introduce new options.
Reviewing process:
- Ensure that the module maintainers are notified.
- [CODEOWNERS](https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/) will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
- Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
- Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
- Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, `loaOf` and `string` types are deprecated).
- Description, default and example should be provided.
- Ensure that option changes are backward compatible.
- `mkRenamedOptionModuleWith` provides a way to make option changes backward compatible.
- Ensure that removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
- Ensure that changes that are not backward compatible are mentioned in release notes.
- Ensure that documentations affected by the change is updated.
Sample template for a module update review is provided below.
```markdown
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] changes are backward compatible
- [ ] removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
- [ ] changes that are not backward compatible are documented in release notes
- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] options types are appropriate
- [ ] options description is set
- [ ] options example is provided
- [ ] documentation affected by the changes is updated
##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
```
## New modules {#reviewing-contributions-new-modules}
New modules submissions introduce a new module to NixOS.
Reviewing process:
- Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
- Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
- Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, `loaOf` and `string` types are deprecated).
- Description, default and example should be provided.
- Ensure that module `meta` field is present
- Maintainers should be declared in `meta.maintainers`.
- Module documentation should be declared with `meta.doc`.
- Ensure that the module respect other modules functionality.
- For example, enabling a module should not open firewall ports by default.
Sample template for a new module review is provided below.
```markdown
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] module path fits the guidelines
- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] options have appropriate types
- [ ] options have default
- [ ] options have example
- [ ] options have descriptions
- [ ] No unneeded package is added to environment.systemPackages
- [ ] meta.maintainers is set
- [ ] module documentation is declared in meta.doc
##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
```
## Other submissions {#reviewing-contributions-other-submissions}
Other type of submissions requires different reviewing steps.
If you consider having enough knowledge and experience in a topic and would like to be a long-term reviewer for related submissions, please contact the current reviewers for that topic. They will give you information about the reviewing process. The main reviewers for a topic can be hard to find as there is no list, but checking past pull requests to see who reviewed or git-blaming the code to see who committed to that topic can give some hints.
Container system, boot system and library changes are some examples of the pull requests fitting this category.
## Merging pull requests {#reviewing-contributions--merging-pull-requests}
It is possible for community members that have enough knowledge and experience on a special topic to contribute by merging pull requests.
<!--
The following paragraphs about how to deal with unactive contributors is just a proposition and should be modified to what the community agrees to be the right policy.
Please note that contributors with commit rights unactive for more than three months will have their commit rights revoked.
-->
Please see the discussion in [GitHub nixpkgs issue #50105](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/50105) for information on how to proceed to be granted this level of access.
In a case a contributor definitively leaves the Nix community, they should create an issue or post on [Discourse](https://discourse.nixos.org) with references of packages and modules they maintain so the maintainership can be taken over by other contributors.

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# Submitting changes {#chap-submitting-changes}
## Making patches {#submitting-changes-making-patches}
- Read [Manual (How to write packages for Nix)](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/).
- Fork [the Nixpkgs repository](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/) on GitHub.
- Create a branch for your future fix.
- You can make branch from a commit of your local `nixos-version`. That will help you to avoid additional local compilations. Because you will receive packages from binary cache. For example
```ShellSession
$ nixos-version --hash
0998212
$ git checkout 0998212
$ git checkout -b 'fix/pkg-name-update'
```
- Please avoid working directly on the `master` branch.
- Make commits of logical units.
- If you removed pkgs or made some major NixOS changes, write about it in the release notes for the next stable release. For example `nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2003.xml`.
- Check for unnecessary whitespace with `git diff --check` before committing.
- Format the commit in a following way:
```
(pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
Additional information.
```
- Examples:
- `nginx: init at 2.0.1`
- `firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0`
- `nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option`
- `nixos/nginx: refactor config generation`
- Test your changes. If you work with
- nixpkgs:
- update pkg
- `nix-env -iA pkg-attribute-name -f <path to your local nixpkgs folder>`
- add pkg
- Make sure its in `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`
- `nix-env -iA pkg-attribute-name -f <path to your local nixpkgs folder>`
- _If you dont want to install pkg in you profile_.
- `nix-build -A pkg-attribute-name <path to your local nixpkgs folder>` and check results in the folder `result`. It will appear in the same directory where you did `nix-build`.
- If you installed your package with `nix-env`, you can run `nix-env -e pkg-name` where `pkg-name` is as reported by `nix-env -q` to uninstall it from your system.
- NixOS and its modules:
- You can add new module to your NixOS configuration file (usually its `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`). And do `sudo nixos-rebuild test -I nixpkgs=<path to your local nixpkgs folder> --fast`.
- If you have commits `pkg-name: oh, forgot to insert whitespace`: squash commits in this case. Use `git rebase -i`.
- [Rebase](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing) your branch against current `master`.
## Submitting changes {#submitting-changes-submitting-changes}
- Push your changes to your fork of nixpkgs.
- Create the pull request
- Follow [the contribution guidelines](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-changes).
## Submitting security fixes {#submitting-changes-submitting-security-fixes}
Security fixes are submitted in the same way as other changes and thus the same guidelines apply.
- If a new version fixing the vulnerability has been released, update the package;
- If the security fix comes in the form of a patch and a CVE is available, then add the patch to the Nixpkgs tree, and apply it to the package.
The name of the patch should be the CVE identifier, so e.g. `CVE-2019-13636.patch`; If a patch is fetched the name needs to be set as well, e.g.:
```nix
(fetchpatch {
name = "CVE-2019-11068.patch";
url = "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/commit/e03553605b45c88f0b4b2980adfbbb8f6fca2fd6.patch";
sha256 = "0pkpb4837km15zgg6h57bncp66d5lwrlvkr73h0lanywq7zrwhj8";
})
```
If a security fix applies to both master and a stable release then, similar to regular changes, they are preferably delivered via master first and cherry-picked to the release branch.
Critical security fixes may by-pass the staging branches and be delivered directly to release branches such as `master` and `release-*`.
## Deprecating/removing packages {#submitting-changes-deprecating-packages}
There is currently no policy when to remove a package.
Before removing a package, one should try to find a new maintainer or fix smaller issues first.
### Steps to remove a package from Nixpkgs {#steps-to-remove-a-package-from-nixpkgs}
We use jbidwatcher as an example for a discontinued project here.
1. Have Nixpkgs checked out locally and up to date.
1. Create a new branch for your change, e.g. `git checkout -b jbidwatcher`
1. Remove the actual package including its directory, e.g. `rm -rf pkgs/applications/misc/jbidwatcher`
1. Remove the package from the list of all packages (`pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`).
1. Add an alias for the package name in `pkgs/top-level/aliases.nix` (There is also `pkgs/applications/editors/vim/plugins/aliases.nix`. Package sets typically do not have aliases, so we can't add them there.)
For example in this case:
```
jbidwatcher = throw "jbidwatcher was discontinued in march 2021"; # added 2021-03-15
```
The throw message should explain in short why the package was removed for users that still have it installed.
1. Test if the changes introduced any issues by running `nix-env -qaP -f . --show-trace`. It should show the list of packages without errors.
1. Commit the changes. Explain again why the package was removed. If it was declared discontinued upstream, add a link to the source.
```ShellSession
$ git add pkgs/applications/misc/jbidwatcher/default.nix pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix pkgs/top-level/aliases.nix
$ git commit
```
Example commit message:
```
jbidwatcher: remove
project was discontinued in march 2021. the program does not work anymore because ebay changed the login.
https://web.archive.org/web/20210315205723/http://www.jbidwatcher.com/
```
1. Push changes to your GitHub fork with `git push`
1. Create a pull request against Nixpkgs. Mention the package maintainer.
This is how the pull request looks like in this case: [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/116470](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/116470)
## Pull Request Template {#submitting-changes-pull-request-template}
The pull request template helps determine what steps have been made for a contribution so far, and will help guide maintainers on the status of a change. The motivation section of the PR should include any extra details the title does not address and link any existing issues related to the pull request.
When a PR is created, it will be pre-populated with some checkboxes detailed below:
### Tested using sandboxing {#submitting-changes-tested-with-sandbox}
When sandbox builds are enabled, Nix will setup an isolated environment for each build process. It is used to remove further hidden dependencies set by the build environment to improve reproducibility. This includes access to the network during the build outside of `fetch*` functions and files outside the Nix store. Depending on the operating system access to other resources are blocked as well (ex. inter process communication is isolated on Linux); see [sandbox](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#conf-sandbox) in Nix manual for details.
Sandboxing is not enabled by default in Nix due to a small performance hit on each build. In pull requests for [nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/) people are asked to test builds with sandboxing enabled (see `Tested using sandboxing` in the pull request template) because in<https://nixos.org/hydra/> sandboxing is also used.
Depending if you use NixOS or other platforms you can use one of the following methods to enable sandboxing **before** building the package:
- **Globally enable sandboxing on NixOS**: add the following to `configuration.nix`
```nix
nix.useSandbox = true;
```
- **Globally enable sandboxing on non-NixOS platforms**: add the following to: `/etc/nix/nix.conf`
```ini
sandbox = true
```
### Built on platform(s) {#submitting-changes-platform-diversity}
Many Nix packages are designed to run on multiple platforms. As such, its important to let the maintainer know which platforms your changes have been tested on. Its not always practical to test a change on all platforms, and is not required for a pull request to be merged. Only check the systems you tested the build on in this section.
### Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside nixos/tests) {#submitting-changes-nixos-tests}
Packages with automated tests are much more likely to be merged in a timely fashion because it doesnt require as much manual testing by the maintainer to verify the functionality of the package. If there are existing tests for the package, they should be run to verify your changes do not break the tests. Tests can only be run on Linux. For more details on writing and running tests, see the [section in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests).
### Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using `nixpkgs-review` {#submitting-changes-tested-compilation}
If you are updating a packages version, you can use nixpkgs-review to make sure all packages that depend on the updated package still compile correctly. The `nixpkgs-review` utility can look for and build all dependencies either based on uncommited changes with the `wip` option or specifying a github pull request number.
review changes from pull request number 12345:
```ShellSession
nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review pr 12345
```
review uncommitted changes:
```ShellSession
nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review wip
```
review changes from last commit:
```ShellSession
nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review rev HEAD
```
### Tested execution of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`) {#submitting-changes-tested-execution}
Its important to test any executables generated by a build when you change or create a package in nixpkgs. This can be done by looking in `./result/bin` and running any files in there, or at a minimum, the main executable for the package. For example, if you make a change to texlive, you probably would only check the binaries associated with the change you made rather than testing all of them.
### Meets Nixpkgs contribution standards {#submitting-changes-contribution-standards}
The last checkbox is fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). The contributing document has detailed information on standards the Nix community has for commit messages, reviews, licensing of contributions you make to the project, etc\... Everyone should read and understand the standards the community has for contributing before submitting a pull request.
## Hotfixing pull requests {#submitting-changes-hotfixing-pull-requests}
- Make the appropriate changes in you branch.
- Dont create additional commits, do
- `git rebase -i`
- `git push --force` to your branch.
## Commit policy {#submitting-changes-commit-policy}
- Commits must be sufficiently tested before being merged, both for the master and staging branches.
- Hydra builds for master and staging should not be used as testing platform, its a build farm for changes that have been already tested.
- When changing the bootloader installation process, extra care must be taken. Grub installations cannot be rolled back, hence changes may break peoples installations forever. For any non-trivial change to the bootloader please file a PR asking for review, especially from \@edolstra.
```{.graphviz caption="Staging workflow"}
digraph {
"small changes" [shape=none]
"mass-rebuilds and other large changes" [shape=none]
"critical security fixes" [shape=none]
"broken staging-next fixes" [shape=none]
"small changes" -> master
"mass-rebuilds and other large changes" -> staging
"critical security fixes" -> master
"broken staging-next fixes" -> "staging-next"
"staging-next" -> master [color="#E85EB0"] [label="stabilization ends"] [fontcolor="#E85EB0"]
"staging" -> "staging-next" [color="#E85EB0"] [label="stabilization starts"] [fontcolor="#E85EB0"]
master -> "staging-next" -> staging [color="#5F5EE8"] [label="every six hours (GitHub Action)"] [fontcolor="#5F5EE8"]
}
```
[This GitHub Action](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/workflows/periodic-merge-6h.yml) brings changes from `master` to `staging-next` and from `staging-next` to `staging` every 6 hours.
### Master branch {#submitting-changes-master-branch}
The `master` branch is the main development branch. It should only see non-breaking commits that do not cause mass rebuilds.
### Staging branch {#submitting-changes-staging-branch}
The `staging` branch is a development branch where mass-rebuilds go. It should only see non-breaking mass-rebuild commits. That means it is not to be used for testing, and changes must have been well tested already. If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages.
### Staging-next branch {#submitting-changes-staging-next-branch}
The `staging-next` branch is for stabilizing mass-rebuilds submitted to the `staging` branch prior to merging them into `master`. Mass-rebuilds must go via the `staging` branch. It must only see non-breaking commits that are fixing issues blocking it from being merged into the `master ` branch.
If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages. Stabilize it for a few days and then merge into master.
### Stable release branches {#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches}
The same staging workflow applies to stable release branches, but the main branch is called `release-*` instead of `master`.
Example branch names: `release-21.11`, `staging-21.11`, `staging-next-21.11`.
Most changes added to the stable release branches are cherry-picked (“backported”) from the `master` and staging branches.
#### Automatically backporting a Pull Request {#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches-automatic-backports}
Assign label `backport <branch>` (e.g. `backport release-21.11`) to the PR and a backport PR is automatically created after the PR is merged.
#### Manually backporting changes {#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches-manual-backports}
Cherry-pick changes via `git cherry-pick -x <original commit>` so that the original commit id is included in the commit message.
Add a reason for the backport when it is not obvious from the original commit message. You can do this by cherry picking with `git cherry-pick -xe <original commit>`, which allows editing the commit message. This is not needed for minor version updates that include security and bug fixes but don't add new features or when the commit fixes an otherwise broken package.
Here is an example of a cherry-picked commit message with good reason description:
```
zfs: Keep trying root import until it works
Works around #11003.
(cherry picked from commit 98b213a11041af39b39473906b595290e2a4e2f9)
Reason: several people cannot boot with ZFS on NVMe
```
Other examples of reasons are:
- Previously the build would fail due to, e.g., `getaddrinfo` not being defined
- The previous download links were all broken
- Crash when starting on some X11 systems
#### Acceptable backport criteria
The stable branch does have some changes which cannot be backported. Most notable are breaking changes. The desire is to have stable users be uninterrupted when updating packages.
However, many changes are able to be backported, including:
- New Packages / Modules
- Security / Patch updates
- Version updates which include new functionality (but no breaking changes)
- Services which require a client to be up-to-date regardless. (E.g. `spotify`, `steam`, or `discord`)
- Security critical applications (E.g. `firefox`)

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@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
# Vulnerability Roundup {#chap-vulnerability-roundup}
## Issues {#vulnerability-roundup-issues}
Vulnerable packages in Nixpkgs are managed using issues.
Currently opened ones can be found using the following:
[github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is:issue+is:open+"Vulnerability+roundup"](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+%22Vulnerability+roundup%22)
Each issue correspond to a vulnerable version of a package; As a consequence:
- One issue can contain several CVEs;
- One CVE can be shared across several issues;
- A single package can be concerned by several issues.
A "Vulnerability roundup" issue usually respects the following format:
```txt
<link to relevant package search on search.nix.gsc.io>, <link to relevant files in Nixpkgs on GitHub>
<list of related CVEs, their CVSS score, and the impacted NixOS version>
<list of the scanned Nixpkgs versions>
<list of relevant contributors>
```
Note that there can be an extra comment containing links to previously reported (and still open) issues for the same package.
## Triaging and Fixing {#vulnerability-roundup-triaging-and-fixing}
**Note**: An issue can be a "false positive" (i.e. automatically opened, but without the package it refers to being actually vulnerable).
If you find such a "false positive", comment on the issue an explanation of why it falls into this category, linking as much information as the necessary to help maintainers double check.
If you are investigating a "true positive":
- Find the earliest patched version or a code patch in the CVE details;
- Is the issue already patched (version up-to-date or patch applied manually) in Nixpkgs's `master` branch?
- **No**:
- [Submit a security fix](#submitting-changes-submitting-security-fixes);
- Once the fix is merged into `master`, [submit the change to the vulnerable release branch(es)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches);
- **Yes**: [Backport the change to the vulnerable release branch(es)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches).
- When the patch has made it into all the relevant branches (`master`, and the vulnerable releases), close the relevant issue(s).

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@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
{ pkgs ? (import ./.. { }), nixpkgs ? { }}:
let
lib = pkgs.lib;
doc-support = import ./doc-support { inherit pkgs nixpkgs; };
in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "nixpkgs-manual";
nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
pandoc
graphviz
libxml2
libxslt
zip
jing
xmlformat
];
src = lib.cleanSource ./.;
postPatch = ''
ln -s ${doc-support} ./doc-support/result
'';
installPhase = ''
dest="$out/share/doc/nixpkgs"
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$dest")"
mv out/html "$dest"
mv "$dest/index.html" "$dest/manual.html"
mv out/epub/manual.epub "$dest/nixpkgs-manual.epub"
mkdir -p $out/nix-support/
echo "doc manual $dest manual.html" >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
echo "doc manual $dest nixpkgs-manual.epub" >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
'';
# Environment variables
PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR = "${pkgs.pandoc-lua-filters}/share/pandoc/filters";
}

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@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
{ pkgs ? (import ../.. {}), nixpkgs ? { }}:
let
locationsXml = import ./lib-function-locations.nix { inherit pkgs nixpkgs; };
functionDocs = import ./lib-function-docs.nix { inherit locationsXml pkgs; };
version = pkgs.lib.version;
epub-xsl = pkgs.writeText "epub.xsl" ''
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<xsl:stylesheet
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
version="1.0">
<xsl:import href="${pkgs.docbook_xsl_ns}/xml/xsl/docbook/epub/docbook.xsl" />
<xsl:import href="${./parameters.xml}"/>
</xsl:stylesheet>
'';
xhtml-xsl = pkgs.writeText "xhtml.xsl" ''
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<xsl:stylesheet
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
version="1.0">
<xsl:import href="${pkgs.docbook_xsl_ns}/xml/xsl/docbook/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
<xsl:import href="${./parameters.xml}"/>
</xsl:stylesheet>
'';
in pkgs.runCommand "doc-support" {}
''
mkdir result
(
cd result
ln -s ${locationsXml} ./function-locations.xml
ln -s ${functionDocs} ./function-docs
ln -s ${pkgs.docbook5}/xml/rng/docbook/docbook.rng ./docbook.rng
ln -s ${pkgs.docbook_xsl_ns}/xml/xsl ./xsl
ln -s ${epub-xsl} ./epub.xsl
ln -s ${xhtml-xsl} ./xhtml.xsl
ln -s ${../../nixos/doc/xmlformat.conf} ./xmlformat.conf
ln -s ${pkgs.documentation-highlighter} ./highlightjs
echo -n "${version}" > ./version
)
mv result $out
''

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@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
# Generates the documentation for library functons via nixdoc. To add
# another library function file to this list, the include list in the
# file `doc/functions/library.xml` must also be updated.
{ pkgs ? import ./.. {}, locationsXml }:
with pkgs; stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "nixpkgs-lib-docs";
src = ./../../lib;
buildInputs = [ nixdoc ];
installPhase = ''
function docgen {
nixdoc -c "$1" -d "$2" -f "../lib/$1.nix" > "$out/$1.xml"
}
mkdir -p $out
ln -s ${locationsXml} $out/locations.xml
docgen strings 'String manipulation functions'
docgen trivial 'Miscellaneous functions'
docgen lists 'List manipulation functions'
docgen debug 'Debugging functions'
docgen options 'NixOS / nixpkgs option handling'
docgen sources 'Source filtering functions'
'';
}

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@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
{ pkgs ? (import ./.. { }), nixpkgs ? { }}:
let
revision = pkgs.lib.trivial.revisionWithDefault (nixpkgs.revision or "master");
libDefPos = set:
builtins.map
(name: {
name = name;
location = builtins.unsafeGetAttrPos name set;
})
(builtins.attrNames set);
libset = toplib:
builtins.map
(subsetname: {
subsetname = subsetname;
functions = libDefPos toplib.${subsetname};
})
(builtins.filter
(name: builtins.isAttrs toplib.${name})
(builtins.attrNames toplib));
nixpkgsLib = pkgs.lib;
flattenedLibSubset = { subsetname, functions }:
builtins.map
(fn: {
name = "lib.${subsetname}.${fn.name}";
value = fn.location;
})
functions;
locatedlibsets = libs: builtins.map flattenedLibSubset (libset libs);
removeFilenamePrefix = prefix: filename:
let
prefixLen = (builtins.stringLength prefix) + 1; # +1 to remove the leading /
filenameLen = builtins.stringLength filename;
substr = builtins.substring prefixLen filenameLen filename;
in substr;
removeNixpkgs = removeFilenamePrefix (builtins.toString pkgs.path);
liblocations =
builtins.filter
(elem: elem.value != null)
(nixpkgsLib.lists.flatten
(locatedlibsets nixpkgsLib));
fnLocationRelative = { name, value }:
{
inherit name;
value = value // { file = removeNixpkgs value.file; };
};
relativeLocs = (builtins.map fnLocationRelative liblocations);
sanitizeId = builtins.replaceStrings
[ "'" ]
[ "-prime" ];
urlPrefix = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/${revision}";
xmlstrings = (nixpkgsLib.strings.concatMapStrings
({ name, value }:
''
<section><title>${name}</title>
<para xml:id="${sanitizeId name}">
Located at
<link
xlink:href="${urlPrefix}/${value.file}#L${builtins.toString value.line}">${value.file}:${builtins.toString value.line}</link>
in <literal>&lt;nixpkgs&gt;</literal>.
</para>
</section>
'')
relativeLocs);
in pkgs.writeText
"locations.xml"
''
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
version="5">
<title>All the locations for every lib function</title>
<para>This file is only for inclusion by other files.</para>
${xmlstrings}
</section>
''

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@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<xsl:stylesheet
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
version="1.0">
<xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
<xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
<xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'style.css overrides.css highlightjs/mono-blue.css'" />
<xsl:param name="html.script" select="'./highlightjs/highlight.pack.js ./highlightjs/loader.js'" />
<xsl:param name="xref.with.number.and.title" select="1" />
<xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1" />
<xsl:param name="toc.section.depth" select="0" />
<xsl:param name="admon.style" select="''" />
<xsl:param name="callout.graphics.extension" select="'.svg'" />
</xsl:stylesheet>

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@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="chap-functions">
<title>Functions reference</title>
<para>
The nixpkgs repository has several utility functions to manipulate Nix expressions.
</para>
<xi:include href="functions/library.xml" />
<xi:include href="functions/generators.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="functions/debug.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="functions/prefer-remote-fetch.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="functions/nix-gitignore.section.xml" />
</chapter>

View File

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
# Debugging Nix Expressions {#sec-debug}
Nix is a unityped, dynamic language, this means every value can potentially appear anywhere. Since it is also non-strict, evaluation order and what ultimately is evaluated might surprise you. Therefore it is important to be able to debug nix expressions.
In the `lib/debug.nix` file you will find a number of functions that help (pretty-)printing values while evaluation is running. You can even specify how deep these values should be printed recursively, and transform them on the fly. Please consult the docstrings in `lib/debug.nix` for usage information.

View File

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
# Generators {#sec-generators}
Generators are functions that create file formats from nix data structures, e.g. for configuration files. There are generators available for: `INI`, `JSON` and `YAML`
All generators follow a similar call interface: `generatorName configFunctions data`, where `configFunctions` is an attrset of user-defined functions that format nested parts of the content. They each have common defaults, so often they do not need to be set manually. An example is `mkSectionName ? (name: libStr.escape [ "[" "]" ] name)` from the `INI` generator. It receives the name of a section and sanitizes it. The default `mkSectionName` escapes `[` and `]` with a backslash.
Generators can be fine-tuned to produce exactly the file format required by your application/service. One example is an INI-file format which uses `: ` as separator, the strings `"yes"`/`"no"` as boolean values and requires all string values to be quoted:
```nix
with lib;
let
customToINI = generators.toINI {
# specifies how to format a key/value pair
mkKeyValue = generators.mkKeyValueDefault {
# specifies the generated string for a subset of nix values
mkValueString = v:
if v == true then ''"yes"''
else if v == false then ''"no"''
else if isString v then ''"${v}"''
# and delegats all other values to the default generator
else generators.mkValueStringDefault {} v;
} ":";
};
# the INI file can now be given as plain old nix values
in customToINI {
main = {
pushinfo = true;
autopush = false;
host = "localhost";
port = 42;
};
mergetool = {
merge = "diff3";
};
}
```
This will produce the following INI file as nix string:
```INI
[main]
autopush:"no"
host:"localhost"
port:42
pushinfo:"yes"
str\:ange:"very::strange"
[mergetool]
merge:"diff3"
```
::: {.note}
Nix store paths can be converted to strings by enclosing a derivation attribute like so: `"${drv}"`.
:::
Detailed documentation for each generator can be found in `lib/generators.nix`.

View File

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="sec-functions-library">
<title>Nixpkgs Library Functions</title>
<para>
Nixpkgs provides a standard library at <varname>pkgs.lib</varname>, or through <code>import &lt;nixpkgs/lib&gt;</code>.
</para>
<xi:include href="./library/asserts.xml" />
<xi:include href="./library/attrsets.xml" />
<!-- These docs are generated via nixdoc. To add another generated
library function file to this list, the file
`lib-function-docs.nix` must also be updated. -->
<xi:include href="./library/generated/strings.xml" />
<xi:include href="./library/generated/trivial.xml" />
<xi:include href="./library/generated/lists.xml" />
<xi:include href="./library/generated/debug.xml" />
<xi:include href="./library/generated/options.xml" />
<xi:include href="./library/generated/sources.xml" />
</section>

View File

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="sec-functions-library-asserts">
<title>Assert functions</title>
<section xml:id="function-library-lib.asserts.assertMsg">
<title><function>lib.asserts.assertMsg</function></title>
<subtitle><literal>assertMsg :: Bool -> String -> Bool</literal>
</subtitle>
<xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.asserts.assertMsg" />
<para>
Print a trace message if <literal>pred</literal> is false.
</para>
<para>
Intended to be used to augment asserts with helpful error messages.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<varname>pred</varname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Condition under which the <varname>msg</varname> should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be printed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<varname>msg</varname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Message to print.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<example xml:id="function-library-lib.asserts.assertMsg-example-false">
<title>Printing when the predicate is false</title>
<programlisting><![CDATA[
assert lib.asserts.assertMsg ("foo" == "bar") "foo is not bar, silly"
stderr> trace: foo is not bar, silly
stderr> assert failed
]]></programlisting>
</example>
</section>
<section xml:id="function-library-lib.asserts.assertOneOf">
<title><function>lib.asserts.assertOneOf</function></title>
<subtitle><literal>assertOneOf :: String -> String ->
StringList -> Bool</literal>
</subtitle>
<xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.asserts.assertOneOf" />
<para>
Specialized <function>asserts.assertMsg</function> for checking if <varname>val</varname> is one of the elements of <varname>xs</varname>. Useful for checking enums.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<varname>name</varname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name of the variable the user entered <varname>val</varname> into, for inclusion in the error message.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<varname>val</varname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The value of what the user provided, to be compared against the values in <varname>xs</varname>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<varname>xs</varname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The list of valid values.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<example xml:id="function-library-lib.asserts.assertOneOf-example">
<title>Ensuring a user provided a possible value</title>
<programlisting><![CDATA[
let sslLibrary = "bearssl";
in lib.asserts.assertOneOf "sslLibrary" sslLibrary [ "openssl" "libressl" ];
=> false
stderr> trace: sslLibrary must be one of "openssl", "libressl", but is: "bearssl"
]]></programlisting>
</example>
</section>
</section>

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@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
# pkgs.nix-gitignore {#sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore}
`pkgs.nix-gitignore` is a function that acts similarly to `builtins.filterSource` but also allows filtering with the help of the gitignore format.
## Usage {#sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore-usage}
`pkgs.nix-gitignore` exports a number of functions, but you\'ll most likely need either `gitignoreSource` or `gitignoreSourcePure`. As their first argument, they both accept either 1. a file with gitignore lines or 2. a string with gitignore lines, or 3. a list of either of the two. They will be concatenated into a single big string.
```nix
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource [] ./source
# Simplest version
nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource "supplemental-ignores\n" ./source
# This one reads the ./source/.gitignore and concats the auxiliary ignores
nix-gitignore.gitignoreSourcePure "ignore-this\nignore-that\n" ./source
# Use this string as gitignore, don't read ./source/.gitignore.
nix-gitignore.gitignoreSourcePure ["ignore-this\nignore-that\n", ~/.gitignore] ./source
# It also accepts a list (of strings and paths) that will be concatenated
# once the paths are turned to strings via readFile.
```
These functions are derived from the `Filter` functions by setting the first filter argument to `(_: _: true)`:
```nix
gitignoreSourcePure = gitignoreFilterSourcePure (_: _: true);
gitignoreSource = gitignoreFilterSource (_: _: true);
```
Those filter functions accept the same arguments the `builtins.filterSource` function would pass to its filters, thus `fn: gitignoreFilterSourcePure fn ""` should be extensionally equivalent to `filterSource`. The file is blacklisted if it\'s blacklisted by either your filter or the gitignoreFilter.
If you want to make your own filter from scratch, you may use
```nix
gitignoreFilter = ign: root: filterPattern (gitignoreToPatterns ign) root;
```
## gitignore files in subdirectories {#sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore-usage-recursive}
If you wish to use a filter that would search for .gitignore files in subdirectories, just like git does by default, use this function:
```nix
gitignoreFilterRecursiveSource = filter: patterns: root:
# OR
gitignoreRecursiveSource = gitignoreFilterSourcePure (_: _: true);
```

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@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
# prefer-remote-fetch overlay {#sec-prefer-remote-fetch}
`prefer-remote-fetch` is an overlay that download sources on remote builder. This is useful when the evaluating machine has a slow upload while the builder can fetch faster directly from the source. To use it, put the following snippet as a new overlay:
```nix
self: super:
(super.prefer-remote-fetch self super)
```
A full configuration example for that sets the overlay up for your own account, could look like this
```ShellSession
$ mkdir ~/.config/nixpkgs/overlays/
$ cat > ~/.config/nixpkgs/overlays/prefer-remote-fetch.nix <<EOF
self: super: super.prefer-remote-fetch self super
EOF
```

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@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="chap-hooks">
<title>Hooks reference</title>
<para>
Nixpkgs has several hook packages that augment the stdenv phases.
</para>
<xi:include href="./postgresql-test-hook.section.xml" />
</chapter>

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@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
# `postgresqlTestHook` {#sec-postgresqlTestHook}
This hook starts a PostgreSQL server during the `checkPhase`. Example:
```nix
{ stdenv, postgresql, postgresqlTestHook }:
stdenv.mkDerivation {
# ...
checkInputs = [
postgresql
postgresqlTestHook
];
}
```
If you use a custom `checkPhase`, remember to add the `runHook` calls:
```nix
checkPhase ''
runHook preCheck
# ... your tests
runHook postCheck
''
```
## Variables {#sec-postgresqlTestHook-variables}
The hook logic will read a number of variables and set them to a default value if unset or empty.
Exported variables:
- `PGDATA`: location of server files.
- `PGHOST`: location of UNIX domain socket directory; the default `host` in a connection string.
- `PGUSER`: user to create / log in with, default: `test_user`.
- `PGDATABASE`: database name, default: `test_db`.
Bash-only variables:
- `postgresqlTestUserOptions`: SQL options to use when creating the `$PGUSER` role, default: `LOGIN`.
- `postgresqlTestSetupSQL`: SQL commands to run as database administrator after startup, default: statements that create `$PGUSER` and `$PGDATABASE`.
- `postgresqlTestSetupCommands`: bash commands to run after database start, defaults to running `$postgresqlTestSetupSQL` as database administrator.
- `postgresqlEnableTCP`: set to `1` to enable TCP listening. Flaky; not recommended.
- `postgresqlStartCommands`: defaults to `pg_ctl start`.
## TCP and the Nix sandbox {#sec-postgresqlTestHook-tcp}
`postgresqlEnableTCP` relies on network sandboxing, which is not available on macOS and some custom Nix installations, resulting in flaky tests.
For this reason, it is disabled by default.
The preferred solution is to make the test suite use a UNIX domain socket connection. This is the default behavior when no `host` connection parameter is provided.
Some test suites hardcode a value for `host` though, so a patch may be required. If you can upstream the patch, you can make `host` default to the `PGHOST` environment variable when set. Otherwise, you can patch it locally to omit the `host` connection string parameter altogether.
::: {.note}
The error `libpq: failed (could not receive data from server: Connection refused` is generally an indication that the test suite is trying to connect through TCP.
:::

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@@ -1,256 +0,0 @@
# Agda {#agda}
## How to use Agda {#how-to-use-agda}
Agda is available as the [agda](https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable&show=agda&from=0&size=30&sort=relevance&query=agda)
package.
The `agda` package installs an Agda-wrapper, which calls `agda` with `--library-file`
set to a generated library-file within the nix store, this means your library-file in
`$HOME/.agda/libraries` will be ignored. By default the agda package installs Agda
with no libraries, i.e. the generated library-file is empty. To use Agda with libraries,
the `agda.withPackages` function can be used. This function either takes:
* A list of packages,
* or a function which returns a list of packages when given the `agdaPackages` attribute set,
* or an attribute set containing a list of packages and a GHC derivation for compilation (see below).
* or an attribute set containing a function which returns a list of packages when given the `agdaPackages` attribute set and a GHC derivation for compilation (see below).
For example, suppose we wanted a version of Agda which has access to the standard library. This can be obtained with the expressions:
```nix
agda.withPackages [ agdaPackages.standard-library ]
```
or
```nix
agda.withPackages (p: [ p.standard-library ])
```
or can be called as in the [Compiling Agda](#compiling-agda) section.
If you want to use a different version of a library (for instance a development version)
override the `src` attribute of the package to point to your local repository
```nix
agda.withPackages (p: [
(p.standard-library.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
version = "local version";
src = /path/to/local/repo/agda-stdlib;
}))
])
```
You can also reference a GitHub repository
```nix
agda.withPackages (p: [
(p.standard-library.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
version = "1.5";
src = fetchFromGitHub {
repo = "agda-stdlib";
owner = "agda";
rev = "v1.5";
sha256 = "16fcb7ssj6kj687a042afaa2gq48rc8abihpm14k684ncihb2k4w";
};
}))
])
```
If you want to use a library not added to Nixpkgs, you can add a
dependency to a local library by calling `agdaPackages.mkDerivation`.
```nix
agda.withPackages (p: [
(p.mkDerivation {
pname = "your-agda-lib";
version = "1.0.0";
src = /path/to/your-agda-lib;
})
])
```
Again you can reference GitHub
```nix
agda.withPackages (p: [
(p.mkDerivation {
pname = "your-agda-lib";
version = "1.0.0";
src = fetchFromGitHub {
repo = "repo";
owner = "owner";
version = "...";
rev = "...";
sha256 = "...";
};
})
])
```
See [Building Agda Packages](#building-agda-packages) for more information on `mkDerivation`.
Agda will not by default use these libraries. To tell Agda to use a library we have some options:
* Call `agda` with the library flag:
```ShellSession
$ agda -l standard-library -i . MyFile.agda
```
* Write a `my-library.agda-lib` file for the project you are working on which may look like:
```
name: my-library
include: .
depend: standard-library
```
* Create the file `~/.agda/defaults` and add any libraries you want to use by default.
More information can be found in the [official Agda documentation on library management](https://agda.readthedocs.io/en/v2.6.1/tools/package-system.html).
## Compiling Agda {#compiling-agda}
Agda modules can be compiled using the GHC backend with the `--compile` flag. A version of `ghc` with `ieee754` is made available to the Agda program via the `--with-compiler` flag.
This can be overridden by a different version of `ghc` as follows:
```nix
agda.withPackages {
pkgs = [ ... ];
ghc = haskell.compiler.ghcHEAD;
}
```
## Writing Agda packages {#writing-agda-packages}
To write a nix derivation for an Agda library, first check that the library has a `*.agda-lib` file.
A derivation can then be written using `agdaPackages.mkDerivation`. This has similar arguments to `stdenv.mkDerivation` with the following additions:
* `everythingFile` can be used to specify the location of the `Everything.agda` file, defaulting to `./Everything.agda`. If this file does not exist then either it should be patched in or the `buildPhase` should be overridden (see below).
* `libraryName` should be the name that appears in the `*.agda-lib` file, defaulting to `pname`.
* `libraryFile` should be the file name of the `*.agda-lib` file, defaulting to `${libraryName}.agda-lib`.
Here is an example `default.nix`
```nix
{ nixpkgs ? <nixpkgs> }:
with (import nixpkgs {});
agdaPackages.mkDerivation {
version = "1.0";
pname = "my-agda-lib";
src = ./.;
buildInputs = [
agdaPackages.standard-library
];
}
```
### Building Agda packages {#building-agda-packages}
The default build phase for `agdaPackages.mkDerivation` simply runs `agda` on the `Everything.agda` file.
If something else is needed to build the package (e.g. `make`) then the `buildPhase` should be overridden.
Additionally, a `preBuild` or `configurePhase` can be used if there are steps that need to be done prior to checking the `Everything.agda` file.
`agda` and the Agda libraries contained in `buildInputs` are made available during the build phase.
### Installing Agda packages {#installing-agda-packages}
The default install phase copies Agda source files, Agda interface files (`*.agdai`) and `*.agda-lib` files to the output directory.
This can be overridden.
By default, Agda sources are files ending on `.agda`, or literate Agda files ending on `.lagda`, `.lagda.tex`, `.lagda.org`, `.lagda.md`, `.lagda.rst`. The list of recognised Agda source extensions can be extended by setting the `extraExtensions` config variable.
## Maintaining the Agda package set on Nixpkgs {#maintaining-the-agda-package-set-on-nixpkgs}
We are aiming at providing all common Agda libraries as packages on `nixpkgs`,
and keeping them up to date.
Contributions and maintenance help is always appreciated,
but the maintenance effort is typically low since the Agda ecosystem is quite small.
The `nixpkgs` Agda package set tries to take up a role similar to that of [Stackage](https://www.stackage.org/) in the Haskell world.
It is a curated set of libraries that:
1. Always work together.
2. Are as up-to-date as possible.
While the Haskell ecosystem is huge, and Stackage is highly automatised,
the Agda package set is small and can (still) be maintained by hand.
### Adding Agda packages to Nixpkgs {#adding-agda-packages-to-nixpkgs}
To add an Agda package to `nixpkgs`, the derivation should be written to `pkgs/development/libraries/agda/${library-name}/` and an entry should be added to `pkgs/top-level/agda-packages.nix`. Here it is called in a scope with access to all other Agda libraries, so the top line of the `default.nix` can look like:
```nix
{ mkDerivation, standard-library, fetchFromGitHub }:
```
Note that the derivation function is called with `mkDerivation` set to `agdaPackages.mkDerivation`, therefore you
could use a similar set as in your `default.nix` from [Writing Agda Packages](#writing-agda-packages) with
`agdaPackages.mkDerivation` replaced with `mkDerivation`.
Here is an example skeleton derivation for iowa-stdlib:
```nix
mkDerivation {
version = "1.5.0";
pname = "iowa-stdlib";
src = ...
libraryFile = "";
libraryName = "IAL-1.3";
buildPhase = ''
patchShebangs find-deps.sh
make
'';
}
```
This library has a file called `.agda-lib`, and so we give an empty string to `libraryFile` as nothing precedes `.agda-lib` in the filename. This file contains `name: IAL-1.3`, and so we let `libraryName = "IAL-1.3"`. This library does not use an `Everything.agda` file and instead has a Makefile, so there is no need to set `everythingFile` and we set a custom `buildPhase`.
When writing an Agda package it is essential to make sure that no `.agda-lib` file gets added to the store as a single file (for example by using `writeText`). This causes Agda to think that the nix store is a Agda library and it will attempt to write to it whenever it typechecks something. See [https://github.com/agda/agda/issues/4613](https://github.com/agda/agda/issues/4613).
In the pull request adding this library,
you can test whether it builds correctly by writing in a comment:
```
@ofborg build agdaPackages.iowa-stdlib
```
### Maintaining Agda packages
As mentioned before, the aim is to have a compatible, and up-to-date package set.
These two conditions sometimes exclude each other:
For example, if we update `agdaPackages.standard-library` because there was an upstream release,
this will typically break many reverse dependencies,
i.e. downstream Agda libraries that depend on the standard library.
In `nixpkgs` we are typically among the first to notice this,
since we have build tests in place to check this.
In a pull request updating e.g. the standard library, you should write the following comment:
```
@ofborg build agdaPackages.standard-library.passthru.tests
```
This will build all reverse dependencies of the standard library,
for example `agdaPackages.agda-categories`, or `agdaPackages.generic`.
In some cases it is useful to build _all_ Agda packages.
This can be done with the following Github comment:
```
@ofborg build agda.passthru.tests.allPackages
```
Sometimes, the builds of the reverse dependencies fail because they have not yet been updated and released.
You should drop the maintainers a quick issue notifying them of the breakage,
citing the build error (which you can get from the ofborg logs).
If you are motivated, you might even send a pull request that fixes it.
Usually, the maintainers will answer within a week or two with a new release.
Bumping the version of that reverse dependency should be a further commit on your PR.
In the rare case that a new release is not to be expected within an acceptable time,
simply mark the broken package as broken by setting `meta.broken = true;`.
This will exclude it from the build test.
It can be added later when it is fixed,
and does not hinder the advancement of the whole package set in the meantime.

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@@ -1,346 +0,0 @@
# Android {#android}
The Android build environment provides three major features and a number of
supporting features.
## Deploying an Android SDK installation with plugins {#deploying-an-android-sdk-installation-with-plugins}
The first use case is deploying the SDK with a desired set of plugins or subsets
of an SDK.
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
let
androidComposition = androidenv.composeAndroidPackages {
toolsVersion = "26.1.1";
platformToolsVersion = "30.0.5";
buildToolsVersions = [ "30.0.3" ];
includeEmulator = false;
emulatorVersion = "30.3.4";
platformVersions = [ "28" "29" "30" ];
includeSources = false;
includeSystemImages = false;
systemImageTypes = [ "google_apis_playstore" ];
abiVersions = [ "armeabi-v7a" "arm64-v8a" ];
cmakeVersions = [ "3.10.2" ];
includeNDK = true;
ndkVersions = ["22.0.7026061"];
useGoogleAPIs = false;
useGoogleTVAddOns = false;
includeExtras = [
"extras;google;gcm"
];
};
in
androidComposition.androidsdk
```
The above function invocation states that we want an Android SDK with the above
specified plugin versions. By default, most plugins are disabled. Notable
exceptions are the tools, platform-tools and build-tools sub packages.
The following parameters are supported:
* `toolsVersion`, specifies the version of the tools package to use
* `platformsToolsVersion` specifies the version of the `platform-tools` plugin
* `buildToolsVersions` specifies the versions of the `build-tools` plugins to
use.
* `includeEmulator` specifies whether to deploy the emulator package (`false`
by default). When enabled, the version of the emulator to deploy can be
specified by setting the `emulatorVersion` parameter.
* `cmakeVersions` specifies which CMake versions should be deployed.
* `includeNDK` specifies that the Android NDK bundle should be included.
Defaults to: `false`.
* `ndkVersions` specifies the NDK versions that we want to use. These are linked
under the `ndk` directory of the SDK root, and the first is linked under the
`ndk-bundle` directory.
* `ndkVersion` is equivalent to specifying one entry in `ndkVersions`, and
`ndkVersions` overrides this parameter if provided.
* `includeExtras` is an array of identifier strings referring to arbitrary
add-on packages that should be installed.
* `platformVersions` specifies which platform SDK versions should be included.
For each platform version that has been specified, we can apply the following
options:
* `includeSystemImages` specifies whether a system image for each platform SDK
should be included.
* `includeSources` specifies whether the sources for each SDK version should be
included.
* `useGoogleAPIs` specifies that for each selected platform version the
Google API should be included.
* `useGoogleTVAddOns` specifies that for each selected platform version the
Google TV add-on should be included.
For each requested system image we can specify the following options:
* `systemImageTypes` specifies what kind of system images should be included.
Defaults to: `default`.
* `abiVersions` specifies what kind of ABI version of each system image should
be included. Defaults to: `armeabi-v7a`.
Most of the function arguments have reasonable default settings.
You can specify license names:
* `extraLicenses` is a list of license names.
You can get these names from repo.json or `querypackages.sh licenses`. The SDK
license (`android-sdk-license`) is accepted for you if you set accept_license
to true. If you are doing something like working with preview SDKs, you will
want to add `android-sdk-preview-license` or whichever license applies here.
Additionally, you can override the repositories that composeAndroidPackages will
pull from:
* `repoJson` specifies a path to a generated repo.json file. You can generate this
by running `generate.sh`, which in turn will call into `mkrepo.rb`.
* `repoXmls` is an attribute set containing paths to repo XML files. If specified,
it takes priority over `repoJson`, and will trigger a local build writing out a
repo.json to the Nix store based on the given repository XMLs.
```nix
repoXmls = {
packages = [ ./xml/repository2-1.xml ];
images = [
./xml/android-sys-img2-1.xml
./xml/android-tv-sys-img2-1.xml
./xml/android-wear-sys-img2-1.xml
./xml/android-wear-cn-sys-img2-1.xml
./xml/google_apis-sys-img2-1.xml
./xml/google_apis_playstore-sys-img2-1.xml
];
addons = [ ./xml/addon2-1.xml ];
};
```
When building the above expression with:
```bash
$ nix-build
```
The Android SDK gets deployed with all desired plugin versions.
We can also deploy subsets of the Android SDK. For example, to only the
`platform-tools` package, you can evaluate the following expression:
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
let
androidComposition = androidenv.composeAndroidPackages {
# ...
};
in
androidComposition.platform-tools
```
## Using predefined Android package compositions {#using-predefined-android-package-compositions}
In addition to composing an Android package set manually, it is also possible
to use a predefined composition that contains all basic packages for a specific
Android version, such as version 9.0 (API-level 28).
The following Nix expression can be used to deploy the entire SDK with all basic
plugins:
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
androidenv.androidPkgs_9_0.androidsdk
```
It is also possible to use one plugin only:
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
androidenv.androidPkgs_9_0.platform-tools
```
## Building an Android application {#building-an-android-application}
In addition to the SDK, it is also possible to build an Ant-based Android
project and automatically deploy all the Android plugins that a project
requires.
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
androidenv.buildApp {
name = "MyAndroidApp";
src = ./myappsources;
release = true;
# If release is set to true, you need to specify the following parameters
keyStore = ./keystore;
keyAlias = "myfirstapp";
keyStorePassword = "mykeystore";
keyAliasPassword = "myfirstapp";
# Any Android SDK parameters that install all the relevant plugins that a
# build requires
platformVersions = [ "24" ];
# When we include the NDK, then ndk-build is invoked before Ant gets invoked
includeNDK = true;
}
```
Aside from the app-specific build parameters (`name`, `src`, `release` and
keystore parameters), the `buildApp {}` function supports all the function
parameters that the SDK composition function (the function shown in the
previous section) supports.
This build function is particularly useful when it is desired to use
[Hydra](https://nixos.org/hydra): the Nix-based continuous integration solution
to build Android apps. An Android APK gets exposed as a build product and can be
installed on any Android device with a web browser by navigating to the build
result page.
## Spawning emulator instances {#spawning-emulator-instances}
For testing purposes, it can also be quite convenient to automatically generate
scripts that spawn emulator instances with all desired configuration settings.
An emulator spawn script can be configured by invoking the `emulateApp {}`
function:
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
androidenv.emulateApp {
name = "emulate-MyAndroidApp";
platformVersion = "28";
abiVersion = "x86"; # armeabi-v7a, mips, x86_64
systemImageType = "google_apis_playstore";
}
```
Additional flags may be applied to the Android SDK's emulator through the runtime environment variable `$NIX_ANDROID_EMULATOR_FLAGS`.
It is also possible to specify an APK to deploy inside the emulator
and the package and activity names to launch it:
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> {};
androidenv.emulateApp {
name = "emulate-MyAndroidApp";
platformVersion = "24";
abiVersion = "armeabi-v7a"; # mips, x86, x86_64
systemImageType = "default";
useGoogleAPIs = false;
app = ./MyApp.apk;
package = "MyApp";
activity = "MainActivity";
}
```
In addition to prebuilt APKs, you can also bind the APK parameter to a
`buildApp {}` function invocation shown in the previous example.
## Notes on environment variables in Android projects {#notes-on-environment-variables-in-android-projects}
* `ANDROID_SDK_ROOT` should point to the Android SDK. In your Nix expressions, this should be
`${androidComposition.androidsdk}/libexec/android-sdk`. Note that `ANDROID_HOME` is deprecated,
but if you rely on tools that need it, you can export it too.
* `ANDROID_NDK_ROOT` should point to the Android NDK, if you're doing NDK development.
In your Nix expressions, this should be `${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk-bundle`.
If you are running the Android Gradle plugin, you need to export GRADLE_OPTS to override aapt2
to point to the aapt2 binary in the Nix store as well, or use a FHS environment so the packaged
aapt2 can run. If you don't want to use a FHS environment, something like this should work:
```nix
let
buildToolsVersion = "30.0.3";
# Use buildToolsVersion when you define androidComposition
androidComposition = <...>;
in
pkgs.mkShell rec {
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT = "${androidComposition.androidsdk}/libexec/android-sdk";
ANDROID_NDK_ROOT = "${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk-bundle";
# Use the same buildToolsVersion here
GRADLE_OPTS = "-Dorg.gradle.project.android.aapt2FromMavenOverride=${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/build-tools/${buildToolsVersion}/aapt2";
}
```
If you are using cmake, you need to add it to PATH in a shell hook or FHS env profile.
The path is suffixed with a build number, but properly prefixed with the version.
So, something like this should suffice:
```nix
let
cmakeVersion = "3.10.2";
# Use cmakeVersion when you define androidComposition
androidComposition = <...>;
in
pkgs.mkShell rec {
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT = "${androidComposition.androidsdk}/libexec/android-sdk";
ANDROID_NDK_ROOT = "${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk-bundle";
# Use the same cmakeVersion here
shellHook = ''
export PATH="$(echo "$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmake/${cmakeVersion}".*/bin):$PATH"
'';
}
```
Note that running Android Studio with ANDROID_SDK_ROOT set will automatically write a
`local.properties` file with `sdk.dir` set to $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT if one does not already
exist. If you are using the NDK as well, you may have to add `ndk.dir` to this file.
An example shell.nix that does all this for you is provided in examples/shell.nix.
This shell.nix includes a shell hook that overwrites local.properties with the correct
sdk.dir and ndk.dir values. This will ensure that the SDK and NDK directories will
both be correct when you run Android Studio inside nix-shell.
## Notes on improving build.gradle compatibility {#notes-on-improving-build.gradle-compatibility}
Ensure that your buildToolsVersion and ndkVersion match what is declared in androidenv.
If you are using cmake, make sure its declared version is correct too.
Otherwise, you may get cryptic errors from aapt2 and the Android Gradle plugin warning
that it cannot install the build tools because the SDK directory is not writeable.
```gradle
android {
buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
ndkVersion = "22.0.7026061"
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
version "3.10.2"
}
}
}
```
## Querying the available versions of each plugin {#querying-the-available-versions-of-each-plugin}
repo.json provides all the options in one file now.
A shell script in the `pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/` subdirectory can be used to retrieve all
possible options:
```bash
./querypackages.sh packages
```
The above command-line instruction queries all package versions in repo.json.
## Updating the generated expressions {#updating-the-generated-expressions}
repo.json is generated from XML files that the Android Studio package manager uses.
To update the expressions run the `generate.sh` script that is stored in the
`pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/` subdirectory:
```bash
./generate.sh
```

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@@ -1,373 +0,0 @@
# BEAM Languages (Erlang, Elixir & LFE) {#sec-beam}
## Introduction {#beam-introduction}
In this document and related Nix expressions, we use the term, _BEAM_, to describe the environment. BEAM is the name of the Erlang Virtual Machine and, as far as we're concerned, from a packaging perspective, all languages that run on the BEAM are interchangeable. That which varies, like the build system, is transparent to users of any given BEAM package, so we make no distinction.
## Available versions and deprecations schedule {#available-versions-and-deprecations-schedule}
### Elixir {#elixir}
nixpkgs follows the [official elixir deprecation schedule](https://hexdocs.pm/elixir/compatibility-and-deprecations.html) and keeps the last 5 released versions of Elixir available.
## Structure {#beam-structure}
All BEAM-related expressions are available via the top-level `beam` attribute, which includes:
- `interpreters`: a set of compilers running on the BEAM, including multiple Erlang/OTP versions (`beam.interpreters.erlangR22`, etc), Elixir (`beam.interpreters.elixir`) and LFE (Lisp Flavoured Erlang) (`beam.interpreters.lfe`).
- `packages`: a set of package builders (Mix and rebar3), each compiled with a specific Erlang/OTP version, e.g. `beam.packages.erlang22`.
The default Erlang compiler, defined by `beam.interpreters.erlang`, is aliased as `erlang`. The default BEAM package set is defined by `beam.packages.erlang` and aliased at the top level as `beamPackages`.
To create a package builder built with a custom Erlang version, use the lambda, `beam.packagesWith`, which accepts an Erlang/OTP derivation and produces a package builder similar to `beam.packages.erlang`.
Many Erlang/OTP distributions available in `beam.interpreters` have versions with ODBC and/or Java enabled or without wx (no observer support). For example, there's `beam.interpreters.erlangR22_odbc_javac`, which corresponds to `beam.interpreters.erlangR22` and `beam.interpreters.erlangR22_nox`, which corresponds to `beam.interpreters.erlangR22`.
## Build Tools {#build-tools}
### Rebar3 {#build-tools-rebar3}
We provide a version of Rebar3, under `rebar3`. We also provide a helper to fetch Rebar3 dependencies from a lockfile under `fetchRebar3Deps`.
We also provide a version on Rebar3 with plugins included, under `rebar3WithPlugins`. This package is a function which takes two arguments: `plugins`, a list of nix derivations to include as plugins (loaded only when specified in `rebar.config`), and `globalPlugins`, which should always be loaded by rebar3. Example: `rebar3WithPlugins { globalPlugins = [beamPackages.pc]; }`.
When adding a new plugin it is important that the `packageName` attribute is the same as the atom used by rebar3 to refer to the plugin.
### Mix & Erlang.mk {#build-tools-other}
Erlang.mk works exactly as expected. There is a bootstrap process that needs to be run, which is supported by the `buildErlangMk` derivation.
For Elixir applications use `mixRelease` to make a release. See examples for more details.
There is also a `buildMix` helper, whose behavior is closer to that of `buildErlangMk` and `buildRebar3`. The primary difference is that mixRelease makes a release, while buildMix only builds the package, making it useful for libraries and other dependencies.
## How to Install BEAM Packages {#how-to-install-beam-packages}
BEAM builders are not registered at the top level, simply because they are not relevant to the vast majority of Nix users. To install any of those builders into your profile, refer to them by their attribute path `beamPackages.rebar3`:
```ShellSession
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA beamPackages.rebar3
```
## Packaging BEAM Applications {#packaging-beam-applications}
### Erlang Applications {#packaging-erlang-applications}
#### Rebar3 Packages {#rebar3-packages}
The Nix function, `buildRebar3`, defined in `beam.packages.erlang.buildRebar3` and aliased at the top level, can be used to build a derivation that understands how to build a Rebar3 project.
If a package needs to compile native code via Rebar3's port compilation mechanism, add `compilePort = true;` to the derivation.
#### Erlang.mk Packages {#erlang-mk-packages}
Erlang.mk functions similarly to Rebar3, except we use `buildErlangMk` instead of `buildRebar3`.
#### Mix Packages {#mix-packages}
`mixRelease` is used to make a release in the mix sense. Dependencies will need to be fetched with `fetchMixDeps` and passed to it.
#### mixRelease - Elixir Phoenix example {#mix-release-elixir-phoenix-example}
there are 3 steps, frontend dependencies (javascript), backend dependencies (elixir) and the final derivation that puts both of those together
##### mixRelease - Frontend dependencies (javascript) {#mix-release-javascript-deps}
For phoenix projects, inside of nixpkgs you can either use yarn2nix (mkYarnModule) or node2nix. An example with yarn2nix can be found [here](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/servers/web-apps/plausible/default.nix#L39). An example with node2nix will follow. To package something outside of nixpkgs, you have alternatives like [npmlock2nix](https://github.com/nix-community/npmlock2nix) or [nix-npm-buildpackage](https://github.com/serokell/nix-npm-buildpackage)
##### mixRelease - backend dependencies (mix) {#mix-release-mix-deps}
There are 2 ways to package backend dependencies. With mix2nix and with a fixed-output-derivation (FOD).
###### mix2nix {#mix2nix}
`mix2nix` is a cli tool available in nixpkgs. it will generate a nix expression from a mix.lock file. It is quite standard in the 2nix tool series.
Note that currently mix2nix can't handle git dependencies inside the mix.lock file. If you have git dependencies, you can either add them manually (see [example](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/servers/pleroma/default.nix#L20)) or use the FOD method.
The advantage of using mix2nix is that nix will know your whole dependency graph. On a dependency update, this won't trigger a full rebuild and download of all the dependencies, where FOD will do so.
Practical steps:
- run `mix2nix > mix_deps.nix` in the upstream repo.
- pass `mixNixDeps = with pkgs; import ./mix_deps.nix { inherit lib beamPackages; };` as an argument to mixRelease.
If there are git depencencies.
- You'll need to fix the version artificially in mix.exs and regenerate the mix.lock with fixed version (on upstream). This will enable you to run `mix2nix > mix_deps.nix`.
- From the mix_deps.nix file, remove the dependencies that had git versions and pass them as an override to the import function.
```nix
mixNixDeps = import ./mix.nix {
inherit beamPackages lib;
overrides = (final: prev: {
# mix2nix does not support git dependencies yet,
# so we need to add them manually
prometheus_ex = beamPackages.buildMix rec {
name = "prometheus_ex";
version = "3.0.5";
# Change the argument src with the git src that you actually need
src = fetchFromGitLab {
domain = "git.pleroma.social";
group = "pleroma";
owner = "elixir-libraries";
repo = "prometheus.ex";
rev = "a4e9beb3c1c479d14b352fd9d6dd7b1f6d7deee5";
sha256 = "1v0q4bi7sb253i8q016l7gwlv5562wk5zy3l2sa446csvsacnpjk";
};
# you can re-use the same beamDeps argument as generated
beamDeps = with final; [ prometheus ];
};
});
};
```
You will need to run the build process once to fix the sha256 to correspond to your new git src.
###### FOD {#fixed-output-derivation}
A fixed output derivation will download mix dependencies from the internet. To ensure reproducibility, a hash will be supplied. Note that mix is relatively reproducible. An FOD generating a different hash on each run hasn't been observed (as opposed to npm where the chances are relatively high). See [elixir_ls](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/beam-modules/elixir_ls.nix) for a usage example of FOD.
Practical steps
- start with the following argument to mixRelease
```nix
mixFodDeps = fetchMixDeps {
pname = "mix-deps-${pname}";
inherit src version;
sha256 = lib.fakeSha256;
};
```
The first build will complain about the sha256 value, you can replace with the suggested value after that.
Note that if after you've replaced the value, nix suggests another sha256, then mix is not fetching the dependencies reproducibly. An FOD will not work in that case and you will have to use mix2nix.
##### mixRelease - example {#mix-release-example}
Here is how your `default.nix` file would look for a phoenix project.
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> { };
let
# beam.interpreters.erlangR23 is available if you need a particular version
packages = beam.packagesWith beam.interpreters.erlang;
pname = "your_project";
version = "0.0.1";
src = builtins.fetchgit {
url = "ssh://git@github.com/your_id/your_repo";
rev = "replace_with_your_commit";
};
# if using mix2nix you can use the mixNixDeps attribute
mixFodDeps = packages.fetchMixDeps {
pname = "mix-deps-${pname}";
inherit src version;
# nix will complain and tell you the right value to replace this with
sha256 = lib.fakeSha256;
# if you have build time environment variables add them here
MY_ENV_VAR="my_value";
};
nodeDependencies = (pkgs.callPackage ./assets/default.nix { }).shell.nodeDependencies;
in packages.mixRelease {
inherit src pname version mixFodDeps;
# if you have build time environment variables add them here
MY_ENV_VAR="my_value";
postBuild = ''
ln -sf ${nodeDependencies}/lib/node_modules assets/node_modules
npm run deploy --prefix ./assets
# for external task you need a workaround for the no deps check flag
# https://github.com/phoenixframework/phoenix/issues/2690
mix do deps.loadpaths --no-deps-check, phx.digest
mix phx.digest --no-deps-check
'';
}
```
Setup will require the following steps:
- Move your secrets to runtime environment variables. For more information refer to the [runtime.exs docs](https://hexdocs.pm/mix/Mix.Tasks.Release.html#module-runtime-configuration). On a fresh Phoenix build that would mean that both `DATABASE_URL` and `SECRET_KEY` need to be moved to `runtime.exs`.
- `cd assets` and `nix-shell -p node2nix --run node2nix --development` will generate a Nix expression containing your frontend dependencies
- commit and push those changes
- you can now `nix-build .`
- To run the release, set the `RELEASE_TMP` environment variable to a directory that your program has write access to. It will be used to store the BEAM settings.
#### Example of creating a service for an Elixir - Phoenix project {#example-of-creating-a-service-for-an-elixir---phoenix-project}
In order to create a service with your release, you could add a `service.nix`
in your project with the following
```nix
{config, pkgs, lib, ...}:
let
release = pkgs.callPackage ./default.nix;
release_name = "app";
working_directory = "/home/app";
in
{
systemd.services.${release_name} = {
wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
after = [ "network.target" "postgresql.service" ];
# note that if you are connecting to a postgres instance on a different host
# postgresql.service should not be included in the requires.
requires = [ "network-online.target" "postgresql.service" ];
description = "my app";
environment = {
# RELEASE_TMP is used to write the state of the
# VM configuration when the system is running
# it needs to be a writable directory
RELEASE_TMP = working_directory;
# can be generated in an elixir console with
# Base.encode32(:crypto.strong_rand_bytes(32))
RELEASE_COOKIE = "my_cookie";
MY_VAR = "my_var";
};
serviceConfig = {
Type = "exec";
DynamicUser = true;
WorkingDirectory = working_directory;
# Implied by DynamicUser, but just to emphasize due to RELEASE_TMP
PrivateTmp = true;
ExecStart = ''
${release}/bin/${release_name} start
'';
ExecStop = ''
${release}/bin/${release_name} stop
'';
ExecReload = ''
${release}/bin/${release_name} restart
'';
Restart = "on-failure";
RestartSec = 5;
StartLimitBurst = 3;
StartLimitInterval = 10;
};
# disksup requires bash
path = [ pkgs.bash ];
};
# in case you have migration scripts or you want to use a remote shell
environment.systemPackages = [ release ];
}
```
## How to Develop {#how-to-develop}
### Creating a Shell {#creating-a-shell}
Usually, we need to create a `shell.nix` file and do our development inside of the environment specified therein. Just install your version of Erlang and any other interpreters, and then use your normal build tools. As an example with Elixir:
```nix
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
with pkgs;
let
elixir = beam.packages.erlangR24.elixir_1_12;
in
mkShell {
buildInputs = [ elixir ];
}
```
### Using an overlay
If you need to use an overlay to change some attributes of a derivation, e.g. if you need a bugfix from a version that is not yet available in nixpkgs, you can override attributes such as `version` (and the corresponding `sha256`) and then use this overlay in your development environment:
#### `shell.nix`
```nix
let
elixir_1_13_1_overlay = (self: super: {
elixir_1_13 = super.elixir_1_13.override {
version = "1.13.1";
sha256 = "0z0b1w2vvw4vsnb99779c2jgn9bgslg7b1pmd9vlbv02nza9qj5p";
};
});
pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [ elixir_1_13_1_overlay ]; };
in
with pkgs;
mkShell {
buildInputs = [
elixir_1_13
];
}
```
#### Elixir - Phoenix project {#elixir---phoenix-project}
Here is an example `shell.nix`.
```nix
with import <nixpkgs> { };
let
# define packages to install
basePackages = [
git
# replace with beam.packages.erlang.elixir_1_13 if you need
beam.packages.erlang.elixir
nodejs
postgresql_14
# only used for frontend dependencies
# you are free to use yarn2nix as well
nodePackages.node2nix
# formatting js file
nodePackages.prettier
];
inputs = basePackages ++ lib.optionals stdenv.isLinux [ inotify-tools ]
++ lib.optionals stdenv.isDarwin
(with darwin.apple_sdk.frameworks; [ CoreFoundation CoreServices ]);
# define shell startup command
hooks = ''
# this allows mix to work on the local directory
mkdir -p .nix-mix .nix-hex
export MIX_HOME=$PWD/.nix-mix
export HEX_HOME=$PWD/.nix-mix
# make hex from Nixpkgs available
# `mix local.hex` will install hex into MIX_HOME and should take precedence
export MIX_PATH="${beam.packages.erlang.hex}/lib/erlang/lib/hex/ebin"
export PATH=$MIX_HOME/bin:$HEX_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LANG=C.UTF-8
# keep your shell history in iex
export ERL_AFLAGS="-kernel shell_history enabled"
# postges related
# keep all your db data in a folder inside the project
export PGDATA="$PWD/db"
# phoenix related env vars
export POOL_SIZE=15
export DB_URL="postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/db"
export PORT=4000
export MIX_ENV=dev
# add your project env vars here, word readable in the nix store.
export ENV_VAR="your_env_var"
'';
in mkShell {
buildInputs = inputs;
shellHook = hooks;
}
```
Initializing the project will require the following steps:
- create the db directory `initdb ./db` (inside your mix project folder)
- create the postgres user `createuser postgres -ds`
- create the db `createdb db`
- start the postgres instance `pg_ctl -l "$PGDATA/server.log" start`
- add the `/db` folder to your `.gitignore`
- you can start your phoenix server and get a shell with `iex -S mix phx.server`

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@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
# Bower {#sec-bower}
[Bower](https://bower.io) is a package manager for web site front-end components. Bower packages (comprising of build artefacts and sometimes sources) are stored in `git` repositories, typically on Github. The package registry is run by the Bower team with package metadata coming from the `bower.json` file within each package.
The end result of running Bower is a `bower_components` directory which can be included in the web app's build process.
Bower can be run interactively, by installing `nodePackages.bower`. More interestingly, the Bower components can be declared in a Nix derivation, with the help of `nodePackages.bower2nix`.
## bower2nix usage {#ssec-bower2nix-usage}
Suppose you have a `bower.json` with the following contents:
### Example bower.json {#ex-bowerJson}
```json
"name": "my-web-app",
"dependencies": {
"angular": "~1.5.0",
"bootstrap": "~3.3.6"
}
```
Running `bower2nix` will produce something like the following output:
```nix
{ fetchbower, buildEnv }:
buildEnv { name = "bower-env"; ignoreCollisions = true; paths = [
(fetchbower "angular" "1.5.3" "~1.5.0" "1749xb0firxdra4rzadm4q9x90v6pzkbd7xmcyjk6qfza09ykk9y")
(fetchbower "bootstrap" "3.3.6" "~3.3.6" "1vvqlpbfcy0k5pncfjaiskj3y6scwifxygfqnw393sjfxiviwmbv")
(fetchbower "jquery" "2.2.2" "1.9.1 - 2" "10sp5h98sqwk90y4k6hbdviwqzvzwqf47r3r51pakch5ii2y7js1")
];
```
Using the `bower2nix` command line arguments, the output can be redirected to a file. A name like `bower-packages.nix` would be fine.
The resulting derivation is a union of all the downloaded Bower packages (and their dependencies). To use it, they still need to be linked together by Bower, which is where `buildBowerComponents` is useful.
## buildBowerComponents function {#ssec-build-bower-components}
The function is implemented in [pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix).
### Example buildBowerComponents {#ex-buildBowerComponents}
```{=docbook}
<programlisting language="nix">
bowerComponents = buildBowerComponents {
name = "my-web-app";
generated = ./bower-packages.nix; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-1" />
src = myWebApp; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-2" />
};
</programlisting>
```
In ["buildBowerComponents" example](#ex-buildBowerComponents) the following arguments are of special significance to the function:
```{=docbook}
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-1">
<para>
<varname>generated</varname> specifies the file which was created by <command>bower2nix</command>.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-2">
<para>
<varname>src</varname> is your project's sources. It needs to contain a <filename>bower.json</filename> file.
</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
```
`buildBowerComponents` will run Bower to link together the output of `bower2nix`, resulting in a `bower_components` directory which can be used.
Here is an example of a web frontend build process using `gulp`. You might use `grunt`, or anything else.
### Example build script (gulpfile.js) {#ex-bowerGulpFile}
```javascript
var gulp = require('gulp');
gulp.task('default', [], function () {
gulp.start('build');
});
gulp.task('build', [], function () {
console.log("Just a dummy gulp build");
gulp
.src(["./bower_components/**/*"])
.pipe(gulp.dest("./gulpdist/"));
});
```
### Example Full example — default.nix {#ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix}
```{=docbook}
<programlisting language="nix">
{ myWebApp ? { outPath = ./.; name = "myWebApp"; }
, pkgs ? import &lt;nixpkgs&gt; {}
}:
pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "my-web-app-frontend";
src = myWebApp;
buildInputs = [ pkgs.nodePackages.gulp ];
bowerComponents = pkgs.buildBowerComponents { <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1" />
name = "my-web-app";
generated = ./bower-packages.nix;
src = myWebApp;
};
buildPhase = ''
cp --reflink=auto --no-preserve=mode -R $bowerComponents/bower_components . <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2" />
export HOME=$PWD <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3" />
${pkgs.nodePackages.gulp}/bin/gulp build <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4" />
'';
installPhase = "mv gulpdist $out";
}
</programlisting>
```
A few notes about [Full example — `default.nix`](#ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix):
```{=docbook}
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1">
<para>
The result of <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> is an input to the frontend build.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2">
<para>
Whether to symlink or copy the <filename>bower_components</filename> directory depends on the build tool in use. In this case a copy is used to avoid <command>gulp</command> silliness with permissions.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3">
<para>
<command>gulp</command> requires <varname>HOME</varname> to refer to a writeable directory.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4">
<para>
The actual build command. Other tools could be used.
</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
```
## Troubleshooting {#ssec-bower2nix-troubleshooting}
### ENOCACHE errors from buildBowerComponents {#enocache-errors-from-buildbowercomponents}
This means that Bower was looking for a package version which doesn't exist in the generated `bower-packages.nix`.
If `bower.json` has been updated, then run `bower2nix` again.
It could also be a bug in `bower2nix` or `fetchbower`. If possible, try reformulating the version specification in `bower.json`.

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