workflows/check: use regular checkout

The filtered checkout we used before was a nice idea, but only worked
for small numbers of commits in a PR. It would fetch the whole history
initially, but only fetch objects on demand. This turns out to be much
too slow in a PR with 18 commits, regularly hitting the 10 minute
timeout, even when running it locally.

The new approach uses regular checkouts again. In contrast to the old
style, before we switched to the filtered checkout, this only fetches
exactly the commits we need - and all of them at once. This is
significantly faster than both other approaches, and scales much better.
A bigger number of commits doesn't have much of an effect, if any at
all.

(cherry picked from commit 0dff5ad6c5)

.github/workflows/check.yml

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       pull-requests: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 3
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          filter: tree:0
           path: trusted
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            ci/github-script
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: npm install bottleneck