1800 lines
84 KiBLFS
TeX
1800 lines
84 KiBLFS
TeX
%% ****** Start of file authguide.tex ****** %
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%%
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%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution.
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%% Version 4.2b of REVTeX, January 2019
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%%
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%% Copyright (c) 2019 The American Physical Society.
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%%
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%% See the REVTeX 4.2 README file for restrictions and more information.
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\listfiles
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\documentclass[%
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,aps%
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,twocolumn%
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,secnumarabic%
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,amssymb, amsmath,nobibnotes, aps, prl, floatfix]{revtex4-2}
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\usepackage{docs}%
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\usepackage{bm}%
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\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}%
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%\nofiles
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\expandafter\ifx\csname package@font\endcsname\relax\else
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\expandafter\expandafter
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\expandafter\usepackage
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\expandafter\expandafter
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\expandafter{\csname package@font\endcsname}%
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\fi
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\begin{document}
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\title{\revtex~4.2 Author's Guide}%
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\author{American Physical Society}%
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\email{revtex@aps.org}
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\affiliation{1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961}
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\date{December 2018}%
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\maketitle
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\tableofcontents
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\clearpage
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\section{Introduction}
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This is the author's guide to \revtex~4.2, the preferred submission
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format for all APS and AIP journals. This guide is intended to be a concise
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introduction to \revtex~4.2. The documentation has been separated out
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into smaller units to make it easier to locate essential
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information.
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The following documentation is also part of the \revtex~4.2
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distribution. Updated versions of these will be maintained at
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the \revtex~4.2 homepage located at \url{http://journals.aps.org/revtex/}.
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2}
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\item \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2}
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\item \textit{\revtex~4.2 Command and Options Summary}
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\end{itemize}
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This guide assumes a working \revtex~4.2
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installation. Please see the installation instructions included with the
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distribution.
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\subsection{Changes in \revtex~4.2}
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The \revtex\ system for \LaTeX\ began its development in 1986 and has gone through three major revisions since then. \revtex~4 was released in August, 2001. Since that time, many user requests for new features were received. These requests were taken care of in the \revtex~4.1, which was released in August, 2010. \revtex~4.2 is the current release.
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\revtex~4.2 incorporates the following changes:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Added support for additional APS journals, \textit{Physical Review X}, \textit{Physical Review Accelerators and Beams}, \textit{Physical Review Applied}, \textit{Physical Review Fluids}, \textit{Physical Review Materials}, and \textit{Physical Review Physics Education Research}.} There are new options \texttt{prx}, \texttt{prab}, \texttt{prapplied}, \texttt{prfluids}, and \texttt{prmaterials}, and \texttt{prper}.
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\item \textbf{Added a unified \texttt{physrev} option for \textit{Physical Review} journal style (the \textit{Phys. Rev.} journals have no or few variations).}
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\item \textbf{The \texttt{prb} option now conforms with \textit{Physical Review B}'s updated style that uses the same non-superscripted citations as other APS journals}.
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\item \textbf{Added support for additional AIP journals, \textit{AIP Advances}, \textit{Applied Physics Letters Materials}, and \textit{Structural Dynamics} as well as \textit{AIP Conference Proceedings}. There are new options \texttt{adv}, \texttt{apm}, \texttt{sd}, and \texttt{cp}.}
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\item \textbf{Added support for the Society of Rheology (\texttt{sor}) and its journal, \textit{Journal of Rheology} (\texttt{jor}).}
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\item \textbf{The \texttt{reprint} style for AIP's journal JMP was changed to one-column formatting.}
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\item \textbf{For all APS journal options, complete article titles are now displayed in bibliography entries citing journal articles when using Bib\TeX\ by default.}
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\item \textbf{In the \textit{Phys. Rev.} Bib\TeX\ style file, article titles in the bibliography are set in roman font}.
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\item \textbf{The behavior of the \texttt{noeprints} option has been improved}.
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\item \textbf{Support has been added for citing data sets in the Bib\TeX\ styles}.
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\item \textbf{Support for citing journals that use a DOI instead of pages or article identifiers has been improved (for APS \textit{Phys. Rev.} Bib\TeX\ style)}.
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\item \textbf{The indentation of tables of contents have been improved}.
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\item \textbf{The \texttt{onecolumn} option no longer defaults to creating a separate title page}.
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\item \textbf{The \texttt{showpacs} option is completely ignored now}.
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\item \textbf{A bug when using \texttt{booktabs.sty} has been fixed}.
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\item \textbf{The formatting of references for some commonly cited journals has been improved in the \textit{Phys. Rev.} Bib\TeX\ style}.
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\item \textbf{URLs generated for DOIs now use \texttt{https://doi.org/} as the base in the Bib\TeX\ styles.}
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\item \textbf{URLs generated for arXiv.org e-print identifiers now use \texttt{https://arXiv.org/abs/} as the base in the Bib\TeX\ styles.}
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{\revtex~4 Backwards Compatibility}
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Documents prepared under \revtex~4 and \revtex~4.1 should process correctly under \revtex~4.2. However, the formatting of the pages and, if using Bib\TeX, the references may change. Under 4.2, articles typeset with the \texttt{prb} option will be typeset \texttt{cite} commands differently and adjacent punctuation may need to be moved accordingly. Default behaviors some other options may also have changed as described above.
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\subsection{Submitting to APS Journals}
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Authors using \revtex~4.2 to prepare a manuscript for submission to
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\textit{Physical Review Letters}, \textit{Physical Review}, \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics},
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or other APS journals must also read the companion document \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2}
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distributed with \revtex\ and follow the guidelines detailed there.
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The \revtex~4.2 distribution includes both a template
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(\file{apstemplate.tex}) and a sample document (\file{apssamp.tex}).
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The template is a good starting point for a manuscript. In the
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following sections are instructions that should be sufficient for
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creating a paper using \revtex~4.2.
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Further information about submissions to the American
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Physical Society may be found at \url{http://journals.aps.org/revtex/}.
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\subsection{Submitting to AIP Journals}
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\revtex~4.2 includes support for the journals of the American Institute of Physics.
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The style files and authoring guides for these journals are distributed as part
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\revtex~4.2 distribution. The distribution includes both a template
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(\file{aiptemplate.tex}) and a sample document (\file{aipsamp.tex}).
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The template is a good starting point for a manuscript. In the
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following sections are instructions that should be sufficient for
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creating a paper using \revtex~4.2.
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More information may be found at
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\url{http://publishing.aip.org/authors/preparing-your-manuscript}. Please consult the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2} for more information about submissions to AIP journals, AIP styles files, and other AIP-specific information.
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\subsection{Contact Information}\label{sec:aipresources}%
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Any bugs, problems, or inconsistencies with \revtex\ or the APS journal style files should be reported to
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\revtex\ support at \verb+revtex@aps.org+. Reports should include information on the error and a \textit{small}
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sample document that manifests the problem if possible (please don't send large files!). Issues related to the AIP journal styles should be sent directly to \verb+tex@aip.org+.
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\section{Some \LaTeXe\ Basics}
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\revtex~4.2 must sometimes patch the underlying
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\LaTeX\ kernel. This means that \revtex~4.2 requires a fairly recent version of
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\LaTeXe. Versions prior to 2005/12/01 may not work
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correctly. \revtex~4.2 will be maintained to be compatible with future
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versions of \LaTeXe.
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\subsection{Useful \LaTeXe\ Markup}
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\LaTeXe\ markup is the preferred way to accomplish many basic tasks.
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\subsubsection{Fonts}
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Because \revtex~4.2 is based upon \LaTeXe, it inherits all of the
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macros used for controlling fonts. Of particular importance are the
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\LaTeXe\ macros \cmd{\textit}, \cmd{\textbf}, \cmd{\texttt} for changing to
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an italic, bold, or typewriter font respectively. One should always
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use these macros rather than the lower-level \TeX\ macros \cmd{\it},
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\cmd{\bf}, and \cmd{\tt}. The \LaTeXe\ macros offer
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improvements such as better italic correction and scaling in super-
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and subscripts for example. Table~\ref{tab:fonts}
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summarizes the font selection commands in \LaTeXe.
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\begin{table}
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\caption{\label{tab:fonts}\LaTeXe\ font commands}
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\begin{ruledtabular}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Text Fonts}}\\
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\textbf{Font command} & \textbf{Explanation} \\
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\cmd\textit\marg{text} & Italics\\
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\cmd\textbf\marg{text} & Boldface\\
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\cmd\texttt\marg{text} & Typewriter\\
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\cmd\textrm\marg{text} & Roman\\
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\cmd\textsl\marg{text} & Slanted\\
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\cmd\textsf\marg{text} & Sans Serif\\
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\cmd\textsc\marg{text} & Small Caps\\
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\cmd\textmd\marg{text} & Medium Series\\
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\cmd\textnormal\marg{text} & Normal Series\\
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\cmd\textup\marg{text} & Upright Series\\
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&\\
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\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Math Fonts}}\\
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\cmd\mathit\marg{text} & Math Italics\\
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\cmd\mathbf\marg{text} & Math Boldface\\
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\cmd\mathtt\marg{text} & Math Typewriter\\
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\cmd\mathsf\marg{text} & Math Sans Serif\\
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\cmd\mathcal\marg{text} & Calligraphic\\
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\cmd\mathnormal\marg{text} & Math Normal\\
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\cmd\bm\marg{text}& Bold math for Greek letters\\
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& and other symbols\\
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\cmd\mathfrak\marg{text}\footnotemark[1] & Fraktur\\
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\cmd\mathbb\marg{text}\footnotemark[1] & Blackboard Bold\\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{ruledtabular}
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\footnotetext[1]{Requires \classname{amsfonts} or \classname{amssymb} class option}
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\end{table}
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\subsubsection{User-defined macros}
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\LaTeXe\ provides several macros that enable users to easily create new
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macros for use in their manuscripts:
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\begin{itemize}
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\footnotesize
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\item \cmd\newcommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
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\item \cmd\newcommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
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\item \cmd\renewcommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
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\item \cmd\renewcommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
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\item \cmd\providecommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
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\item \cmd\providecommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
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\end{itemize}
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Here \meta{\\command} is the name of the macro being defined,
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\meta{narg} is the number of arguments the macro takes,
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\meta{opt} are optional default values for the arguments, and
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\meta{def} is the actually macro definiton. \cmd\newcommand\ creates a
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new macro, \cmd\renewcommand\ redefines a previously defined macro,
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and \cmd\providecommand\ will define a macro only if it hasn't
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been defined previously. The *-ed versions are an optimization that
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indicates that the macro arguments will always be ``short'' arguments. This is
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almost always the case, so the *-ed versions should be used whenever
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possible.
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The use of these macros is preferred over using plain \TeX's low-level
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macros such as
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\cmd\def{},\cmd\edef{}, and \cmd\gdef{}. APS authors must follow the
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\textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2} when defining macros.
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\subsubsection{Symbols}
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\LaTeXe\ has added some convenient commands for some special symbols
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and effects. These are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:special}. See
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\cite{Guide} for details.
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\begin{table}
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\caption{\label{tab:special}\LaTeXe\ commands for special symbols and effects}
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\begin{ruledtabular}
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\begin{tabular}{lc}
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Command & Symbol/Effect\\
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\cmd\textemdash & \textemdash\\
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\cmd\textendash & \textendash\\
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\cmd\textexclamdown & \textexclamdown\\
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\cmd\textquestiondown & \textquestiondown\\
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\cmd\textquotedblleft & \textquotedblleft\\
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\cmd\textquotedblright & \textquotedblright\\
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\cmd\textquoteleft & \textquoteleft\\
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\cmd\textquoteright & \textquoteright\\
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\cmd\textbullet & \textbullet\\
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\cmd\textperiodcentered & \textperiodcentered\\
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\cmd\textvisiblespace & \textvisiblespace\\
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\cmd\textcompworkmark & Break a ligature\\
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\cmd\textcircled\marg{char} & Circle a character\\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{ruledtabular}
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\end{table}
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\LaTeXe\ provides additional symbols in a
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separate package called \classname{latexsym}. To use these symbols, include
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the package using:
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\begin{verbatim}
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\usepackage{latexsym}
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\end{verbatim}
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\subsection{Using \LaTeXe\ packages with \revtex}\label{sec:usepackage}%
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Many \LaTeXe\ packages are available, for instance, on CTAN at
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\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/}
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and at
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\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/}. Full \TeX\ distributions
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such as \TeX\
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Live \url{http://www.tug.org/texlive/} provide an excellent and complete installation of \TeX\ that is
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easy to maintain. Some of these packages
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are automatically loaded by \revtex~4.2 when certain class options are
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invoked and are, thus, ``required.'' They will either be distributed
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with \revtex\ or are already included with a standard \LaTeXe\
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distribution.
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Required packages are automatically loaded by \revtex\ on an as-needed
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basis. Other packages should be loaded using the
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\cmd\usepackage\ command. To load the
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\classname{hyperref} package, the document preamble might look like:
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\begin{verbatim}
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\documentclass{revtex4-2}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\end{verbatim}
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Some common (and very useful) \LaTeXe\ packages are \textit{a priori}
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important enough that \revtex~4.2 has been designed to be specifically
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compatible with them.
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A bug stemming from the use of one of these packages in
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conjunction with any of the APS journals may be reported by contacting
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\revtex\ support.
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\begin{description}
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\item[\textbf{AMS packages}] \revtex~4.2 is compatible with and depends
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upon the AMS packages
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\classname{amsfonts},
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\classname{amssymb}, and
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\classname{amsmath}. In fact, \revtex~4.2 requires use of these packages
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to accomplish some common tasks. See Section~\ref{sec:math} for more.
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\revtex~4.2 requires version 2.0 or higher of the AMS-\LaTeX\ package.
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\item[\textbf{array and dcolumn}]
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The \classname{array} and \classname{dcolumn} packages are part of
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\LaTeX's required suite of packages. \classname{dcolumn} is required
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to align table columns on decimal points (and it in turn depends upon
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the \classname{array} package).
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\item[\textbf{longtable}]
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\file{longtable.sty} may be used for large tables that will span more than one
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page. \revtex~4.2 dynamically applies patches to longtable.sty so that
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it will work in two-column mode.
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\item[\textbf{hyperref}] \file{hyperref.sty} is a package that is
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used for putting hypertext links into \LaTeXe\ documents.
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\revtex~4.2 has hooks to allow e-mail addresses and URL's to become
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hyperlinks if \classname{hyperref} is loaded.
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\item[\textbf{booktabs}] \revtex~4.2 improves compatibility with \classname{booktabs.sty}.
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\end{description}
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Other packages will conflict with \revtex~4.2 and should be
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avoided. Usually such a conflict arises because the package adds
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enhancements that \revtex~4.2 already includes. Here are some common
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packages that clash with \revtex~4.2:
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\begin{description}
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\item[\textbf{multicol}] \file{multicol.sty} is a package by Frank Mittelbach
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that adds support for multiple columns. In fact, early versions of
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\revtex~4.2 used \file{multicol.sty} for precisely this. \revtex\
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incorporates its own support for multiple-column typesetting.
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\item[\textbf{cite}] Donald Arseneau's \file{cite.sty} is often used to provide
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support for sorting a \cmd\cite\ command's arguments into numerical
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order and to collapse consecutive runs of reference numbers. \revtex~4.2
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has this functionality built-in already via the \classname{natbib} package.
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\item[\textbf{mcite}] \revtex~4.2 already contains a lot of this
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functionality through its updated syntax for the \cmd\cite\ command and
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the latest \classname{natbib} package.
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\item[\textbf{endfloat}] The same functionality can be accomplished
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using the \classoption{endfloats} class option.
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\item[\textbf{float}] \texttt{float.sty} provides a mechanism for creating new float classes with just a few commands. \revtex~4.2 has limited compatible with float.sty. If attempting to use this package, be sure to put any \cmd\newfloat\ commands after the \verb+\begin{document}+ line.
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\end{description}
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\section{The Document Preamble}
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The preamble of a \LaTeX\ document is the set of commands that precede
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the \envb{document} line. It contains a
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\cmd\documentclass\ line to load the \revtex~4.2 class (\textit{i.e.},
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all of the \revtex~4.2 macro definitions), \cmd\usepackage\ macros to
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load other macro packages, and other macro definitions.
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\subsection{The \emph{documentclass} line}
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The basic formatting of the manuscript is controlled by setting
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\emph{class options} using
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\cmd\documentclass\oarg{options}\aarg{\classname{revtex4-2}}.
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The optional arguments that appear in the square brackets control the layout of the
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document. At this point, one only needs to choose:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Either the \classoption{aps} (default) or \classoption{aip} society option
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\item One of the chosen society's journal styles such as \classoption{prl} or \classoption{apl}
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\item A layout option such as \classoption{preprint} (single-column formatting), \classoption{reprint} (an approximation
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to the selected journal's actual layout which may be one- or two-column depending on the journal), or \classoption{twocolumn}
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\end{itemize}
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Usually, one would want to use \classoption{preprint} for draft papers. Paper size options are also
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available as well. In particular, \classoption{a4paper} is available
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as well as the rest of the standard \LaTeX\ paper sizes. A
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full list of class options is given in the \textit{\revtex~4.2 Command
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and Options Summary}.
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\subsection{Loading other packages}
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Other packages may be loaded into a \revtex~4.2 document by using the
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standard \LaTeXe\ \cmd\usepackage\ command. For instance, to load
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the \classoption{graphics} package, one would use
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\verb+\usepackage{graphics}+.
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\section{The Front Matter}\label{sec:front}
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After choosing the basic look and feel of the document by selecting
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the appropriate class options and loading in whatever other macros are
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needed, one is ready to move on to creating a new manuscript. After
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the preamble, be sure to put in a \envb{document} line (and put
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in an \enve{document} as well). This section describes the macros
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\revtex~4.2 provides for formatting the front matter of the
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article. The behavior and usage of these macros can be quite
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different from those provided in the \LaTeXe\ \classname{article} class.
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\subsection{Setting the title}
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The title of the manuscript is simply specified by using the
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\cmd\title\aarg{title} macro. A \verb+\\+ may be used to put a line
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break in a long title.
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\subsection{Specifying a date}%
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The \cmd\date\marg{date} command outputs the date on the
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manuscript. Using \cmd\today\ will cause \LaTeX{} to insert the
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current date whenever the file is run:
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\begin{verbatim}
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\date{\today}
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\end{verbatim}
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\subsection{Specifying authors and affiliations}
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The \revtex~4.2 macros for specifying authors and their affiliations are designed
|
|
to save labor for authors and during production. Authors and affiliations are
|
|
arranged into groupings called, appropriately enough, \emph{author
|
|
groups}. Each author group is a set of authors who share the same set
|
|
of affiliations. Author names are specified with the \cmd\author\
|
|
macro while affiliations (or addresses) are specified with the
|
|
\cmd\affiliation\ macro. Author groups are specified by sequences of
|
|
\cmd\author\ macros followed by \cmd\affiliation\ macros. An
|
|
\cmd\affiliation\ macro applies to all previously specified
|
|
\cmd\author\ macros which don't already have an affiliation supplied.
|
|
|
|
For example, if Bugs Bunny and Roger Rabbit are both at Looney Tune
|
|
Studios, while Mickey Mouse is at Disney World, the markup would be:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\author{Bugs Bunny}
|
|
\author{Roger Rabbit}
|
|
\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
|
|
\author{Mickey Mouse}
|
|
\affiliation{Disney World}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The default is to display this as
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
Bugs Bunny and Roger Rabbit\\
|
|
\emph{Looney Tune Studios}\\
|
|
Mickey Mouse\\
|
|
\emph{Disney World}\\
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
This layout style for displaying authors and their affiliations is
|
|
chosen by selecting the class option
|
|
\classoption{groupedaddress}. Journal styles usually default this option,
|
|
so it need not be specified explicitly. The other major way of displaying this
|
|
information is to use superscripts on the authors and
|
|
affiliations. This can be accomplished by selecting the class option
|
|
\classoption{superscriptaddress}. To achieve the display
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
Bugs Bunny,$^{1}$ Roger Rabbit,$^{1,2}$ and Mickey Mouse$^{2}$\\
|
|
\emph{$^{1}$Looney Tune Studios}\\
|
|
\emph{$^{2}$Disney World}\\
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
one would use the markup
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\author{Bugs Bunny}
|
|
\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
|
|
\author{Roger Rabbit}
|
|
\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
|
|
\affiliation{Disney World}
|
|
\author{Mickey Mouse}
|
|
\affiliation{Disney World}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
Note that \revtex~4.2 takes care of any commas and \emph{and}'s that join
|
|
the author names together and font selection, as well as any
|
|
superscript numbering. Only the author names and affiliations should
|
|
be given within their respective macros. See below for further information
|
|
regarding the proper way to add footnotes to author names and affiliations.
|
|
|
|
There is a third class option, \classoption{unsortedaddress}, for
|
|
controlling author/affiliation display. The default
|
|
\classoption{groupedaddress} will actually sort authors into the
|
|
approriate author groups if one chooses to specify an affiliation for
|
|
each author. The markup:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\author{Bugs Bunny}
|
|
\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
|
|
\author{Mickey Mouse}
|
|
\affiliation{Disney World}
|
|
\author{Roger Rabbit}
|
|
\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
will result in the same display as for the first case given
|
|
above even though Roger Rabbit is specified after Mickey Mouse. To
|
|
avoid Roger Rabbit being moved into the same author group as Bugs
|
|
Bunny, use the
|
|
\classoption{unsortedaddress} option instead. In general, it is safest
|
|
to list authors in the order they should appear and specify
|
|
affiliations for multiple authors rather than one at a time. This will
|
|
afford the most independence for choosing the display option. Finally,
|
|
it should be mentioned that the affiliations for the
|
|
\classoption{superscriptaddress} are presented and numbered
|
|
in the order that they are encountered. These means that the order
|
|
will usually follow the order of the authors. An alternative ordering
|
|
can be forced by including a list of \cmd\affiliation\ commands before
|
|
the first \cmd{\author} in the desired order. Then use the exact same
|
|
text for each affilation when specifying them for each author.
|
|
|
|
If an author doesn't have an affiliation, the \cmd\noaffiliation\
|
|
macro may be used in the place of an \cmd\affiliation\ macro.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Collaborations}
|
|
|
|
A collaboration name can be specified with the \cmd\collaboration\
|
|
command. This is very similar to the \cmd\author\ command. In \revtex~4.2, it can
|
|
be used with both the \classoption{superscriptaddress} and \classoption{groupedaddress} class options. The
|
|
\cmd\collaboration\ command should appear at the end of the list of
|
|
authors. The collaboration name will be appear centered in parentheses
|
|
between the list of authors and the list of
|
|
affiliations. Because collaborations
|
|
don't normally have affiliations, one needs to follow the
|
|
\cmd\collaboration\ with \cmd\noaffiliation.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Footnotes for authors, collaborations, affiliations or title}\label{sec:footau}
|
|
|
|
Often one wants to specify additional information associated with an
|
|
author, collaboration, or affiliation such as an e-mail address, an
|
|
alternate affiliation, or some other ancillary information.
|
|
\revtex~4.2 introduces several new macros just for this purpose. They
|
|
are:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item\cmd\email\oarg{optional text}\aarg{e-mail address}
|
|
\item\cmd\homepage\oarg{optional text}\aarg{URL}
|
|
\item\cmd\altaffiliation\oarg{optional text}\aarg{affiliation}
|
|
\item\cmd\thanks\aarg{miscellaneous text}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
In the first three, the \emph{optional text} will be prepended before the
|
|
actual information specified in the required argument. In the APS journal style files, \cmd\email\ and \cmd\homepage\ no longer have a default value. However, in the AIP styles, each have a default text for their optional arguments
|
|
(`Electronic address:' and `URL:' respectively). The \cmd\thanks\
|
|
macro should only be used if one of the other three do not apply. Any
|
|
author name can have multiple occurences of these four macros. Note
|
|
that unlike the
|
|
\cmd\affiliation\ macro, these macros only apply to the \cmd\author\
|
|
that directly precedes it. Any \cmd\affiliation\ \emph{must} follow
|
|
the other author-specific macros. A typical usage might be as follows:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\author{Bugs Bunny}
|
|
\email[E-mail me at: ]{bugs@looney.com}
|
|
\homepage[Visit: ]{http://looney.com/}
|
|
\altaffiliation[Permanent address: ]
|
|
{Warner Brothers}
|
|
\affiliation{Looney Tunes}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
This would result in the footnote ``E-mail me at: \texttt{bugs@looney.com},
|
|
Visit: \texttt{http://looney.com/}, Permanent address: Warner
|
|
Brothers'' being attached to Bugs Bunny. Note that:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Only an e-mail address, URL, or affiliation should go in the
|
|
required argument in the curly braces.
|
|
\item The font is automatically taken care of.
|
|
\item An explicit space is needed at the end of the optional text if one is
|
|
desired in the output.
|
|
\item Use the optional arguments to provide customized
|
|
text only if there is a good reason to.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
The \cmd\collaboration\ , \cmd\affiliation\ , or even \cmd\title\ can
|
|
also have footnotes attached via these commands. If any ancillary data
|
|
(\cmd\thanks, \cmd\email, \cmd\homepage, or
|
|
\cmd\altaffiliation) are given in the wrong context (e.g., before any
|
|
\cmd\title, \cmd\author, \cmd\collaboration, or \cmd\affiliation\
|
|
command has been given), then a warning is given in the \TeX\ log, and
|
|
the command is ignored.
|
|
|
|
Duplicate sets of ancillary data are merged, giving rise to a single
|
|
shared footnote. However, this only applies if the ancillary data are
|
|
identical: even the order of the commands specifying the data must be
|
|
identical. Thus, for example, two authors can share a single footnote
|
|
indicating a group e-mail address.
|
|
|
|
Duplicate \cmd\affiliation\ commands may be given in the course of the
|
|
front matter, without the danger of producing extraneous affiliations
|
|
on the title page. However, ancillary data should be specified for
|
|
only the first instance of any particular institution's
|
|
\cmd\affiliation\ command; a later instance with different ancillary
|
|
data will result in a warning in the \TeX\ log.
|
|
|
|
It is preferable to arrange authors into
|
|
sets. Within each set all the authors share the same group of
|
|
affiliations. For each author, give the \cmd\author\ (and appropriate
|
|
ancillary data), then follow this author group with the needed group
|
|
of \cmd\affiliation\ commands.
|
|
|
|
If affiliations have been listed before the first
|
|
\cmd\author\ macro to ensure a particular ordering, be sure
|
|
that any later \cmd\affiliation\ command for the given institution is
|
|
an exact copy of the first, and also ensure that no ancillary data is
|
|
given in these later instances.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each journal class option has a default behavior for the placement of these
|
|
ancillary information footnotes. For instance, the \classoption{prb} option puts all
|
|
such footnotes at the start of the bibliography while the \classoption{prl}
|
|
journal styles displays them on the first page. One can override a
|
|
journal style's default behavior by specifying explicitly the class
|
|
option
|
|
\classoption{bibnotes} (puts the footnotes at the start of the
|
|
bibliography) or \classoption{nobibnotes} (puts them on the first page).
|
|
Please consult the documentation for the various journal style files for further information.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Specifying first names and surnames}
|
|
|
|
Many authors have names in which either the surname appears first
|
|
or in which the surname is made up of more than one name. To ensure
|
|
that such names are accurately captured for indexing and other
|
|
purposes, the \cmd\surname\ macro should be used to indicate which portion
|
|
of a name is the surname. Similarly, there is a \cmd\firstname\ macro
|
|
as well, although usage of \cmd\surname\ should be sufficient. If an
|
|
author's surname is a single name and written last, it is not
|
|
necessary to use these macros. These macros do nothing but indicate
|
|
how a name should be indexed. Here are some examples:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\author{Andrew \surname{Lloyd Weber}}
|
|
\author{\surname{Mao} Tse-Tung}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{The abstract}
|
|
An abstract for a paper is specified by using the \env{abstract}
|
|
environment:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{abstract}
|
|
Text of abstract
|
|
\end{abstract}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
Note that in \revtex~4.2 the abstract must be specified before the
|
|
\cmd\maketitle\ command and there is no need to embed it in an explicit
|
|
minipage environment.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Structured abstracts}
|
|
A new feature in \revtex~4.2 is support for \textit{structured abstracts}. A ``structured" abstract is an abstract divided into labeled sections. For instance, \textit{Physical Review C} would like authors to provide abstracts with sections summarizing the paper's \textbf{Background}, \textbf{Purpose}, \textbf{Method}, \textbf{Results}, and \textbf{Conclusions}. This can be accomplished by using the \texttt{description} environment within the \texttt{abstract} environment. For example:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{abstract}
|
|
\begin{description}
|
|
\item[Background] This part would describe the
|
|
context needed to understand what the paper
|
|
is about.
|
|
\item[Purpose] This part would state the purpose
|
|
of the present paper.
|
|
\item[Method] This part describe the methods
|
|
used in the paper.
|
|
\item[Results] This part would summarize the
|
|
results.
|
|
\item[Conclusions] This part would state the
|
|
conclusions of the paper.
|
|
\end{description}
|
|
\end{abstract}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{PACS codes}
|
|
PACS codes are obsolete. The \classoption{showpacs} option does nothing, but is present so that older documents may still be processed under \revtex~4.2.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Keywords}
|
|
A \cmd\keywords\ macro may also be used to indicate keywords for the
|
|
article.
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\keywords{nuclear form; yrast level}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
This will be displayed below the abstract and PACS (if supplied). Like
|
|
PACS codes, the actual display of the the keywords is controlled by
|
|
two classoptions: \classoption{showkeys} and
|
|
\classoption{noshowkeys}. An explicit \classoption{showkeys} must be
|
|
included in the \cmd\documentclass\ line to display the keywords.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Institutional report numbers}
|
|
Institutional report numbers can be specified using the \cmd\preprint\
|
|
macro. If the \classoption{preprintnumbers} class option is specified, these will be displayed in the upper right corner of the first page. Multiple \cmd\preprint\ macros maybe supplied (space is
|
|
limited though, so only three or less may actually fit). Please note that the \classoption{preprint} class option does not automatically invoke \classoption{preprintnumbers}.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{maketitle}
|
|
After specifying the title, authors, affiliations, abstract, PACS
|
|
codes, and report numbers, the final step for formatting the front
|
|
matter of the manuscript is to execute the \cmd\maketitle\ macro by
|
|
simply including it:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\maketitle
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The \cmd\maketitle\ macro must follow all of the macros listed
|
|
above. The macro will format the front matter in accordance with the various
|
|
class options that were specified in the
|
|
\cmd\documentclass\ line (either implicitly through defaults or
|
|
explicitly).
|
|
|
|
\section{The body of the paper}
|
|
|
|
For typesetting the body of a paper, \revtex~4.2 relies heavily on
|
|
standard \LaTeXe\ and other packages (particulary those that are part
|
|
of AMS-\LaTeX). Users unfamiliar with these packages should read the
|
|
following sections carefully.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Section headings}
|
|
|
|
Section headings are input as in \LaTeX.
|
|
The output is similar, with a few extra features.
|
|
|
|
Four levels of headings are available in \revtex{}:
|
|
\begin{quote}
|
|
\cmd\section\marg{title text}\\
|
|
\cmd\subsection\marg{title text}\\
|
|
\cmd\subsubsection\marg{title text}\\
|
|
\cmd\paragraph\marg{title text}
|
|
\end{quote}
|
|
|
|
Use the starred form of the command to suppress the automatic numbering; e.g.,
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\section*{Introduction}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
To label a section heading for cross referencing, best practice is to
|
|
place the \cmd\label\marg{key} within the argument specifying the heading:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
In some journal substyles, such as those of the APS,
|
|
all text in the \cmd\section\ command is automatically set uppercase.
|
|
If a lowercase letter is needed, use \cmd\lowercase\aarg{x}.
|
|
For example, to use ``He'' for helium in a \cmd\section\marg{title text} command, type
|
|
\verb+H+\cmd\lowercase\aarg{e} in \marg{title text}.
|
|
|
|
Use \cmd\protect\verb+\\+ to force a line break in a section heading.
|
|
(Fragile commands must be protected in section headings, captions, and
|
|
footnotes and \verb+\\+ is a fragile command.)
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Paragraphs and General Text}
|
|
|
|
Paragraphs always end with a blank input line. Because \TeX\
|
|
automatically calculates linebreaks and word hyphenation in a
|
|
paragraph, it is not necessary to force linebreaks or hyphenation. Of
|
|
course, compound words should still be explicitly hyphenated, e.g.,
|
|
``author-prepared copy.''
|
|
|
|
Use directional quotes for quotation marks around quoted text
|
|
(\texttt{``xxx''}), not straight double quotes (\texttt{"xxx"}).
|
|
For opening quotes, use one or two backquotes; for closing quotes,
|
|
use one or two forward quotes (apostrophes).
|
|
|
|
\subsection{One-column vs. two-column layouts}\label{sec:widetext}
|
|
|
|
One of the hallmarks of \textit{Physical Review} and many of the AIP journals is their two-column
|
|
formatting. \revtex~4.2 provides the \classoption{reprint} class option that provides for each
|
|
journal class option a close approximation to the journal's actual production formatting. Note that
|
|
the \classoption{reprint} option will give either one or two-column formatting as appropriate for the particular journal.
|
|
For most APS and AIP journals, the \classoption{reprint} option will take care of formatting the front matter
|
|
(including the abstract) as a single column and will typeset the body in two columns. \revtex~4.2 has its own
|
|
built-in two-column formatting macros to provide well-balanced columns as well as reasonable control over the placement of floats in either
|
|
one- or two-column modes. When drafting papers, it is common to use a one-column format. This is best achieved by using the
|
|
\classoption{preprint} class option. Authors may override a particular journal's formatting by using the lower level options \classoption{onecolumn} and \classoption{twocolumn}, but best practice is to stick with the \classoption{preprint} and \classoption{reprint} options.
|
|
|
|
Please note that the \classoption{reprint} class option is only an \textit{approximation} of a journal's final layout. Because of font differences, figure rescaling, and other factors, authors should not expect the \classoption{reprint} option to give fully accurate estimates of an article's ultimate length after being typeset for the journal.
|
|
|
|
Occasionally it is necessary to change the formatting from two-column to
|
|
one-column to better accommodate very long equations that are more
|
|
easily read when typeset to the full width of the page. This is
|
|
accomplished using the \env{widetext} environment:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{widetext}
|
|
long equation goes here
|
|
\end{widetext}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
In two-column mode, this will temporarily return to one-column mode,
|
|
balancing the text before the environment into two short columns, and
|
|
returning to two-column mode after the environment has
|
|
finished. \revtex~4.2 will also add horizontal rules to guide the
|
|
reader's eye through what may otherwise be a confusing break in the
|
|
flow of text. The
|
|
\env{widetext} environment has no effect on the output under the
|
|
\classoption{preprint} class option because this already uses
|
|
one-column formatting.
|
|
|
|
Use of the \env{widetext} environment should be restricted to the bare
|
|
minimum of text that needs to be typeset this way. However, short pieces
|
|
of paragraph text and/or math between nearly contiguous wide equations
|
|
should be incorporated into the surrounding wide sections.
|
|
|
|
Low-level control over the column grid can be accomplished with the
|
|
\cmd\onecolumngrid\ and \cmd\twocolumngrid\ commands. Using these, one
|
|
can avoid the horizontal rules added by \env{widetext}. These commands
|
|
should only be used if absolutely necessary. Wide figures and tables
|
|
should be accommodated using the proper \verb+*+ environments.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Cross-referencing}\label{sec:xrefs}
|
|
|
|
\revtex{} inherits the \LaTeXe\ features for labeling and cross-referencing
|
|
section headings, equations, tables, and figures. This section
|
|
contains a simplified explanation of these cross-referencing features.
|
|
The proper usage in the context of section headings, equations,
|
|
tables, and figures is discussed in the appropriate sections.
|
|
|
|
Cross-referencing depends upon the use of ``tags,'' which are defined by
|
|
the user. The \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used to identify tags for
|
|
\revtex. Tags are strings of characters that serve to label section
|
|
headings, equations, tables, and figures that replace explicit,
|
|
by-hand numbering.
|
|
|
|
Files that use cross-referencing (and almost all manuscripts do)
|
|
need to be processed through \revtex\ at least twice to
|
|
ensure that the tags have been properly linked to appropriate numbers.
|
|
If any tags are added in subsequent editing sessions,
|
|
\LaTeX{} will display a warning message in the log file that ends with
|
|
\texttt{... Rerun to get cross-references right}.
|
|
Running the file through \revtex\ again (possibly more than once) will
|
|
resolve the cross-references. If the error message persists, check
|
|
the labels; the same \marg{key} may have been used to label more than one
|
|
object.
|
|
|
|
Another \LaTeX\ warning is \texttt{There were undefined references},
|
|
which indicates the use of a key in a \cmd\ref\ without ever
|
|
using it in a \cmd\label\ statement.
|
|
|
|
\revtex{} performs autonumbering exactly as in standard \LaTeX.
|
|
When the file is processed for the first time,
|
|
\LaTeX\ creates an auxiliary file (with the \file{.aux} extension) that
|
|
records the value of each \meta{key}. Each subsequent run retrieves
|
|
the proper number from the auxiliary file and updates the auxiliary
|
|
file. At the end of each run, any change in the value of a \meta{key}
|
|
produces a \LaTeX\ warning message.
|
|
|
|
Note that with footnotes appearing in the bibliography, extra passes
|
|
of \LaTeX\ may be needed to resolve all cross-references. For
|
|
instance, putting a \cmd\cite\ inside a \cmd\footnote\ will require at
|
|
least three passes.
|
|
|
|
Using the \classname{hyperref} package to create hyperlinked PDF files
|
|
will cause reference ranges to be expanded to list every
|
|
reference in the range. This behavior can be avoided by using the
|
|
\classname{hypernat} package available from \url{www.ctan.org}.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Acknowledgments}
|
|
Use the \env{acknowledgments} environment for an acknowledgments
|
|
section. Depending on the journal substyle, this element may be
|
|
formatted as an unnumbered section titled \textit{Acknowledgments} or
|
|
simply as a paragraph. Please note the spelling of
|
|
``acknowledgments.''
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{acknowledgments}
|
|
The authors would like to thank...
|
|
\end{acknowledgments}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Appendices}
|
|
The \cmd\appendix\ command signals that all following sections are
|
|
appendices, so \cmd\section\marg{title text} after \cmd\appendix\ will set
|
|
\marg{title text} as an appendix heading (an empty \marg{title text}
|
|
is permitted). For a single appendix, use a
|
|
\cmd\appendix\verb+*+ followed by \cmd\section\marg{title text}
|
|
command to suppress the appendix letter in the section heading.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{\label{sec:lineno}Line numbering}
|
|
\revtex~4.2 provides the \classoption{linenumbers} class option to enable line numbering. While it is
|
|
possible to directly call in the \classname{lineno.sty}, using the class option ensures
|
|
that the default parameters needed to properly typeset the line numbers are set up correctly. It is
|
|
still possible for authors to override parameters such as \cmd\linenumbersep\ as usual, however.
|
|
|
|
\section{Math and equations}\label{sec:math}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Math in text}
|
|
|
|
Not surprisingly, \revtex\ uses the \TeX\ math \verb+$+ delimiters
|
|
for math embedded in text. For example,
|
|
\verb|$a^{z}$| gives $a^{z}$. Within math mode, use
|
|
\verb+^+\marg{math} for superscripts and
|
|
\verb+_+\marg{math} for subscripts. If the braces after the
|
|
\verb+^+ are omitted, \TeX{} will
|
|
superscript the next \emph{token} (generally a single character or
|
|
command). Thus it is safest to use explicit braces \verb+{}+.
|
|
|
|
As with text, math should not require extensive explicit vertical or
|
|
horzontal motion commands, because \TeX\ calculates math spacing
|
|
itself automatically. In particular, explicit spacing around
|
|
relations (e.g., $=$) or operators (e.g., $+$) should be
|
|
unnecessary. These suggestions notwithstanding, some fine-tuning of
|
|
math is required in specific cases, see Chapter~18 in the \TeX
|
|
book\cite{TeXbook}.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Text in math}\label{sec:textinmath}
|
|
|
|
There are times when normal, non-italic text needs to be inserted
|
|
into a math expression. The \cmd\text\marg{text} command is the
|
|
preferred method of accomplishing this. It produces regular text
|
|
\emph{and} scales correctly in superscripts:
|
|
\verb+$y=x \text{ for } x_{\text{e-p}}$+ gives
|
|
``$y=x \text{ for } x_{\text{e-p}}$''. To use the \cmd\text\ command,
|
|
the \classname{amsmath} package must be loaded: include a
|
|
\cmd\usepackage\aarg{\classname{amsmath}} command in the document
|
|
preamble or use the class option \classoption{amsmath}. Please note
|
|
that \revtex~4.2 requires version 2.0 or higher of \classname{amsmath}.
|
|
|
|
Other common alternatives may be less desirable. Using the standard
|
|
\LaTeXe\ \cmd\mbox\marg{text} will give normal text, including a hyphen,
|
|
but will not scale correctly in superscripts:
|
|
\verb+$x_{\mbox{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\mbox{e-p}}$''.
|
|
The \cmd\rm\ command
|
|
only switches to Roman font for math letters. It does not, for
|
|
example, handle hyphens correctly:
|
|
\verb+$$x_{\rm{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\rm e-p}$''. But note that with
|
|
\cmd\textrm{}, it does work: \verb+$x_{\textrm{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\textrm{e-p}}$''.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Displayed equations}\label{sec:dispmath}
|
|
|
|
Equations are set centered in the column width or flush left depending
|
|
on the selected journal substyle.
|
|
|
|
For the simplest type of displayed equation, a numbered, one-line
|
|
equation, use the \env{equation} environment.
|
|
\revtex\ takes care of the equation number%
|
|
---the number will be set below the equation if necessary.
|
|
Use \cmd\[\dots\cmd\] for a single, one-line unnumbered display equation.
|
|
|
|
Use the \env{eqnarray} environment when more than one consecutive
|
|
equation occurs, putting each equation in a separate row of the
|
|
environment, and using \cmd\nonumber\ before the row end (\cmd\\) to
|
|
suppress the equation number where necessary. If the equations are
|
|
related to each other, align each on the respective relation operator
|
|
(such as $=$).
|
|
|
|
When an equation is broken over lines or is continued over multiple
|
|
relation operators, it is called a multi-line or continued equation,
|
|
respectively; here, too, use the \env{eqnarray} environment.
|
|
|
|
For a continued equation, align each row on the relation operator just
|
|
as with multiple equations, and use the \cmd\nonumber\ command to
|
|
suppress auto-numbering on broken lines. Also, use the starred form
|
|
of the row end (\cmd\\\verb+*+) to prevent a pagebreak at that
|
|
juncture.
|
|
|
|
Short displayed equations that can appear together on a single line
|
|
separated by \cmd\qquad\ space may be placed in a single
|
|
\env{equation} environment.
|
|
|
|
As explained in Section~\ref{sec:widetext}, occasionally in two-column
|
|
mode a long equation, in order to fit it in the narrow column width,
|
|
would need to be broken into so many lines that it would affect
|
|
readibility. Set it in a wide column using the \env{widetext}
|
|
environment. Then return to the normal text width as soon as
|
|
possible.
|
|
|
|
The sample file \file{apssamp.tex} illustrates how to obtain each of
|
|
the above effects.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Numbering displayed equations}
|
|
|
|
\revtex~4.2 automatically numbers equations.
|
|
For single-line and multi-line equations, use the
|
|
\env{equation} and \env{eqnarray} environments as described above.
|
|
For unnumbered single-line equations, use the \verb+\[+\dots\verb+\]+
|
|
construction. The command \cmd\nonumber\ will suppress the numbering
|
|
on a single line of an
|
|
\env{eqnarray}.
|
|
For a multi-line equation with no equation numbers at all,
|
|
use the \env{eqnarray*} environment.
|
|
|
|
A series of equations can be a labeled with a lettered sequence,
|
|
e.g., (3a), (3b), and (3c), by
|
|
putting the respective \env{equation} or \env{eqnarray} environment within a
|
|
\env{subequations} environment.
|
|
The \classname{amsmath} package (can be loaded with the
|
|
\classoption{amsmath} class option) is required for this.
|
|
|
|
Use the command \cmd\tag\marg{number} to produce an idiosyncratic
|
|
equation number: $(1')$, for example. Numbers assigned by \cmd\tag\
|
|
are completely independent of \revtex's automatic numbering. The
|
|
package \classname{amsmath} is required for using the \cmd\tag\
|
|
command. Please
|
|
note that the use of the \texttt{tag} command may conflict with the use of the \classoption{hyperref} package
|
|
due an incompatibility between \classoption{amsmath} and \classoption{hyperref}.
|
|
|
|
To have \revtex{} reset the equation numbers at the start of each section,
|
|
use the \classoption{eqsecnum} class option in the document preamble.
|
|
|
|
See the sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for some examples.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Cross-referencing displayed equations}
|
|
|
|
To refer to a numbered equation, use
|
|
the \cmd\label\marg{key} and \cmd\ref\marg{key} commands.
|
|
The \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used within the referenced equation
|
|
(on the desired line of the \env{eqnarray}, if a multi-line equation):
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{equation}
|
|
A=B \label{pauli}
|
|
\end{equation}
|
|
... It follows from Eq.~(\ref{pauli})
|
|
that this is the case ...
|
|
\begin{eqnarray}
|
|
A & = &B,\label{pauli2}\\
|
|
A'& = &B'
|
|
\end{eqnarray}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
gives
|
|
\begin{equation}
|
|
A=B \label{pauli}
|
|
\end{equation}
|
|
... It follows from Eq.~(\ref{pauli})
|
|
that this is the case ...
|
|
\begin{eqnarray}
|
|
A & = &B,\label{pauli2}\\
|
|
A'& = &B'
|
|
\end{eqnarray}
|
|
|
|
Please note the parentheses surrounding the \cmd\ref\ command.
|
|
These are \emph{not} provided automatically and, thus, must be
|
|
explicitly incorporated.
|
|
|
|
Numbers produced with \cmd\tag\ can also be cross-referenced by adding
|
|
a \cmd\label\ command after the \cmd\tag\ command.
|
|
|
|
Using a \cmd\label\ after \envb{subequations} to reference the
|
|
\emph{general} number of the equations in the
|
|
\env{subequations} environment. For example, if
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{subequations}
|
|
\label{allequations} % notice location
|
|
\begin{eqnarray}
|
|
E&=&mc^2,\label{equationa}
|
|
\\
|
|
E&=&mc^2,\label{equationb}
|
|
\\
|
|
E&=&mc^2,\label{equationc}
|
|
\end{eqnarray}
|
|
\end{subequations}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
%
|
|
gives the output
|
|
\begin{subequations}
|
|
\label{allequations} % notice location
|
|
\begin{eqnarray}
|
|
E&=&mc^2,\label{equationa}
|
|
\\
|
|
E&=&mc^2,\label{equationb}
|
|
\\
|
|
E&=&mc^2,\label{equationc}
|
|
\end{eqnarray}
|
|
\end{subequations}
|
|
%
|
|
then \verb+Eq.~(\ref{allequations})+ gives ``Eq.~(\ref{allequations})''.
|
|
|
|
{\bf Note:} incorrect cross-referencing will result if
|
|
\cmd\label\ is used in an unnumbered single-line equation
|
|
(i.e., within the \verb+\[+ and \verb+\]+ commands),
|
|
or if \cmd\label\ is used on a line of an eqnarray that is not being numbered
|
|
(i.e., a line that has a \cmd\nonumber).
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Using the AMS packages \classoption{amsfonts},
|
|
\classoption{amssymb}, and \classoption{amsmath}}\label{AMS}
|
|
|
|
The American Mathematical Society's AMS-\LaTeX\ packages provided extra
|
|
fonts, symbols, and math markup that are quite convenient. \revtex~4.2
|
|
supports the use of these packages directly. To use the \classoption{amsfonts},
|
|
\classoption{amssymb}, and \classoption{amsmath} class options,
|
|
AMS-\LaTeX\ (and perhaps the additional AMS fonts) will need to be
|
|
installed. Please note that \revtex~4.2 requires version 2.0 or higher
|
|
of AMS-\LaTeX. These packages can be downloaded from
|
|
\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/}.
|
|
|
|
There are two class options for accessing the AMS fonts:
|
|
\classoption{amsfonts} and \classoption{amssymb}.
|
|
The \classoption{amsfonts} option defines the \cmd\mathfrak\ and
|
|
\cmd\mathbb\ commands to switch to the Fraktur and
|
|
Blackboard Bold fonts, respectively.
|
|
These fonts are selected with the \cmd\mathfrak\ and \cmd\mathbb\
|
|
font-switching commands:
|
|
\verb+${\mathfrak{G}}$+ gives a Fraktur ``$\mathfrak{G}$''
|
|
and \verb+${\mathbb{Z}}$+ gives a Blackboard Bold ``$\mathbb{Z}$''.
|
|
\revtex{} does not currently support the use of the extra Euler fonts
|
|
(the AMS fonts starting with \texttt{eur} or \texttt{eus}) or the
|
|
Cyrillic fonts (the AMS fonts starting with \texttt{w}).
|
|
|
|
The \classoption{amssymb} class option gives all the font
|
|
capabilities of the
|
|
\classoption{amsfonts} class option and further defines the commands
|
|
for many commonly used math symbols. These symbols will scale
|
|
correctly in superscripts and other places. See the AMS-\LaTeX\
|
|
documentation for the complete list of symbols available.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Bold symbols in math}\label{sec:bboxamsfonts}
|
|
|
|
\revtex~4.2 uses the standard \LaTeXe\ Bold Math (\classname{bm}) package as the
|
|
basis for creating bold symbols in math mode. As usual, this requires
|
|
an explicit \cmd\usepackage\aarg{\classname{bm}} in the document
|
|
preamble. The command
|
|
\cmd\bm\marg{symbol} makes \marg{symbol} bold in math mode, ensuring
|
|
that it is the correct size, even in superscripts. If the correct font
|
|
in the correct size is not available then result is the \marg{symbol}
|
|
set at the
|
|
correct size in lightface and a \LaTeXe\ warning that says
|
|
``\texttt{No boldmath typeface in this size}\dots''. Most bold special
|
|
characters will require that the AMS fonts be installed and the
|
|
\classoption{amsfonts} class option be invoked.
|
|
|
|
\cmd\bm\ is the proper means to get bold Greek characters---upper- and
|
|
lowercase---and other symbols.
|
|
The following will come out bold with \cmd\bm:
|
|
normal math italic letters, numbers,
|
|
Greek letters (uppercase and lowercase),
|
|
small bracketing and operators, and \cmd\mathcal. Fraktur
|
|
characters will come out bold in a \cmd\bm; however, Blackboard Bold
|
|
requires using the \cmd\mathbb\ command rather than \cmd{\bm}.
|
|
The \classoption{amsfonts} option adds support for bold math
|
|
letters and symbols in smaller sizes and in superscripts when a
|
|
\cmd\bm\marg{symbol} is used.
|
|
For example, \verb+$\pi^{\bm{\pi}}$+ gives a bold
|
|
lowercase pi in the superscript position: $^{\pi\bm{\pi}}$.
|
|
|
|
Note that \cmd\bm\marg{math} is a fragile command and, thus, should be
|
|
preceded by \cmd\protect\ in commands with moving arguments.
|
|
|
|
\section{Footnotes}
|
|
\LaTeX's standard \cmd\footnote\ command is available in
|
|
\revtex~4.2. The footnote text can either appear at the bottom of a page or
|
|
as part of the bibliography. This choice can be controlled by two class options:
|
|
\classoption{footinbib} and \classoption{nofootinbib}. \revtex~4.2
|
|
defaults to the former. Specific journal options may select a
|
|
different value than the default.
|
|
|
|
Please note that even if Bib\TeX\ is not being used for the references, you
|
|
may have to run Bib\TeX\ if you are using footnotes without the \classoption{nofootinbib} option.
|
|
The log file will contain errors about missing references such as \texttt{Note1} in this case and a file ending in
|
|
\texttt{Notes.bib} will have been produced during the processing of the \TeX\ file.
|
|
|
|
Note that in the latter case, the
|
|
argument of the
|
|
\cmd\footnote\ command is a moving argument in the sense of the \LUG,
|
|
Appendix~C.1.3: any fragile command within that argument must be
|
|
preceded by a \cmd\protect\ command.
|
|
|
|
The \cmd\footnote\ macro \emph{should not} be used in the front
|
|
matter for indicating author/affiliation relationships or to provide
|
|
additional information about authors (such as an e-mail
|
|
address). See Section~\ref{sec:footau} for the proper way to do
|
|
this.
|
|
|
|
Finally, footnotes that appear in tables behave differently. They
|
|
will be typeset as part of the table itself. See
|
|
Section~\ref{sec:tablenote} for details.
|
|
|
|
\section{Citations and References}\label{sec:endnotes}
|
|
|
|
\revtex~4.2 adds significant new functionality to \revtex~4's
|
|
typesetting of citations and references. The new functionality is
|
|
designed to make it easier to use Bib\TeX\ and produce the desired output
|
|
in the reference section without having to edit Bib\TeX's output. The new features include:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Endnotes created with the \cmd\footnote\ command are automatically interleaved with the bibliographic references. \revtex~4 would typeset all endnotes at the end of the bibliography.
|
|
\item Combining multiple references automatically into a single entry in the bibliography. \revtex~4 required by-hand editing of Bib\TeX\ output. This is achieved by prepending an asterisk (*) to the reference's \textit{key} in the \cmd\cite\ command. \verb+\cite{{key1,*key2}+ would make a single entry in the bibliography by combining into one \cmd\bibitem\ the entries from the \texttt{.bib} file with keys \textit{key1} and \textit{key2}. See Section~\ref{sec:multiple} for more details.
|
|
\item Text can be prepended or appended to an entry in the bibliography. \revtex~4 required by-hand editing of the Bib\TeX\ output. See Section~\ref{sec:prepend} for an example of how to do this.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
Proper formatting of references requires Patrick Daly's \classname{natbib} citation package. \BibTeX\ style files
|
|
for APS and AIP journals are created using his \classname{custom-bib} tool kit. From an author's point of view, all this means is that a proper
|
|
\revtex~4.2 installation requires having \classname{natbib} (version 8.31a
|
|
or higher) installed. It also means that the full set of
|
|
\classname{natbib} functionality is available from within \revtex~4.2
|
|
(but see the \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2} and \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2} for restrictions if
|
|
submitting to an APS or AIP journal). The \classname{natbib} documentation contains many examples; see in
|
|
particular the \verb+natnotes.tex+ file for a convenient summary. Please also note that \classname{natbib 8.3} and later now gives an error (rather than merely a warning as in earlier versions) if you try to use a Bib\TeX\ file that isn't compatible with author-year style citations with a journal style that requires author-year citations (such as \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}).
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Citing a reference}
|
|
As in standard \LaTeX, references are cited in text using the
|
|
\cmd\cite\marg{key} command and are listed in the bibliography using
|
|
the \cmd\bibitem\marg{key} command. The \cmd\cite{} macro enables
|
|
\revtex~4.2 to automatically number the references in the manuscript.
|
|
|
|
A typical example might be:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
String theory\cite{GSW} attempts to
|
|
provide a theory of everything.
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The corresponding \cmd\bibitem{} would be:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\bibitem{GSW} M.~Greene, J.~Schwarz, and
|
|
E.~Witten, \textit{Superstring Theory:
|
|
Introduction}, (Cambridge University
|
|
Press, London, 1985).
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
Journals differ in how the \cmd\cite\ will be displayed. Most APS journals
|
|
display the citation in-line, as a number, enclosed in square brackets,
|
|
\textit{e.g.}, ``String theory[1] attempts\dots.'' Other journals
|
|
may instead use a number in a superscript: ``String theory$^{1}$ attempts\dots.''
|
|
Selecting the journal substyle using a class option will invoke the appropriate style.
|
|
In journal substyles using superscripts,
|
|
the macro the \cmd\onlinecite\marg{key} is necessary to get the number
|
|
to appear on the baseline.
|
|
For example, ``String theory (see, for example,
|
|
\verb+Ref.~\onlinecite{GSW}+)'' will give the output
|
|
``String theory (see, for example, Ref.~1).''
|
|
|
|
The \cmd{\onlinecite} command has the same semantics as
|
|
\classname{natbib}'s \cmd{\citealp} command.
|
|
|
|
A \cmd\cite\ command with multiple keys is formatted with consecutive
|
|
reference numbers collapsed; e.g., [1,2,3,5] will be output as
|
|
[1--3,5]. To split the list over more than one line, use
|
|
a \verb+%+ character immediately following a comma:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
. . . \cite{a,b,c,d,e,f,%
|
|
g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The \verb+%+ avoids unwanted spaces.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Author/Year (Non-numeric) Citations}
|
|
|
|
\textit{Reviews of Modern Physics} uses a citation style based on the
|
|
first author's last name and the year of the reference rather than a
|
|
simple number. Support for this style of citing references is the
|
|
primary reason \revtex~4.2 uses the \classname{natbib}
|
|
package. \classname{natbib} uses an optional argument to the
|
|
\cmd\bibitem\ macro to specify what text to use for the \cmd\cite\
|
|
text:
|
|
\begin{quote}
|
|
\cmd\bibitem\verb+[+\meta{short-name}\verb+(+\meta{year}\verb+)+\meta{long-name}\verb+]+
|
|
\end{quote}
|
|
where \meta{short-name} is the author name used in a parenthetical citation,
|
|
\meta{long-name} that used in a textual citation, and
|
|
\meta{year} is the year. More concretely, the \cmd\bibitem\ example
|
|
above would appear as
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\bibitem[Greene et al.(1985)Green,
|
|
Schwarz, and Witten]{GSW}
|
|
M.~Greene, J.~Schwarz, and E.~Witten,
|
|
\textit{Superstring Theory},
|
|
(Cambridge Press, London, 1985).
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
When the citation constitutes part of the grammar of the sentence,
|
|
the \cmd\textcite\marg{key} command may be used (analogous to the
|
|
\cmd\onlinecite\ command above). Both \cmd\textcite\ and
|
|
\cmd\onlinecite\ are built upon \classname{natbib}'s rich repertoire of
|
|
macros (\cmd\citep{}, \cmd\citet{}, etc.). These macros are available in
|
|
\revtex~4.2; however, APS authors must follow the
|
|
\textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2}
|
|
guidelines regarding \classname{natbib}'s macros.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Combined Author/Year and Numeric Citations}
|
|
|
|
AIP's \textit{Journal of Mathematical Physics} uses a combined author/year and numerical citation style. \revtex~4.2 supports this referencing style. Please see the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2} for more information about this style.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{\label{sec:use-bib}Using Bib\TeX}
|
|
|
|
The \cmd\bibitem{} entries can be coded by hand as above, of course, but the
|
|
use of \BibTeX\ with the new style files provided with \revtex~4.2 makes
|
|
it particularly simple to generate marked-up references that can, for
|
|
instance, take advantage of packages like
|
|
\classname{hyperref} for linking. They also save the trouble of having
|
|
to specify formatting like the italics for the book title in the above
|
|
example. And, for those wishing to use author/year citations, \BibTeX\
|
|
will automatically generate the appropriate optional arguments for the
|
|
\cmd\bibitem\ commands.
|
|
|
|
\BibTeX\ is an adjunct to \LaTeX\ that aids in the
|
|
preparation of bibliographies. \BibTeX\ allows authors to build up a
|
|
database or collection of bibliography entries that may be used for many
|
|
manuscripts. A \BibTeX\ style file then specifies how to transform the
|
|
entries into a proper \cmd\bibitem{} for a particular journal. Here we
|
|
give a brief summary of how to get started with \BibTeX. More details can be
|
|
found in the LaTeX books listed in the references.
|
|
|
|
Selecting a journal style by using an appropriate class option will
|
|
automatically select the correct \BibTeX\ style file from those included in
|
|
\revtex~4.2. Five basic \BibTeX\ style files are included: \file{apsrev4-2.bst} (APS journals using a numeric citation style, \textit{i.e.}, all but RMP), \file{apsrmp4-2.bst} (author/year style citations for RMP),
|
|
\file{aipauth4-2.bst} (AIP journal using an author/year citation style), \file{aipnum4-2.bst} (AIP journals using a numeric citation style) and \file{aapmrev4-2.bst} for AAPM journals. The selection can be overridden by specifying an
|
|
alternative \file{.bst} file using the standard \LaTeXe
|
|
\cmd\bibliographystyle\ macro. This must appear in the preamble
|
|
before the \envb{document} line in \revtex~4.2 (this differs from
|
|
standard \LaTeX).
|
|
|
|
The \BibTeX\ database files will contain entries such as:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
@Book{GSW,
|
|
author=``M. Greene, J. Schwarz,
|
|
E. Witten'',
|
|
title=``Superstring theory:
|
|
Introduction'',
|
|
publisher=``Cambridge University
|
|
Press'',
|
|
address=``London'',
|
|
year=``1985''
|
|
}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
There are entry formats for articles, technical reports, e-prints,
|
|
theses, books, proceedings, and articles that appear in books or
|
|
proceedings. The styles provided with
|
|
\revtex~4.2 also allows URL's and e-print identifiers to be specified
|
|
for any of the different entry types. There is also an additional
|
|
``collaboration'' field that can be used in addition to ``author'.'
|
|
|
|
To actually create the bibliography in the manuscript, the
|
|
\cmd\bibliography\marg{bib files} macro is used.
|
|
Here \meta{bib files} is a comma-separated list of \BibTeX\ bibliography
|
|
database files, each with the \file{.bib} extension. The
|
|
\cmd\bibliography\ macro should be placed at the location where the
|
|
references are to appear (usually after the main body of the
|
|
paper). When the manuscript is processed with \LaTeX\ for the first
|
|
time, the keys corresponding for the \cmd\cite{} macros used in the
|
|
manuscript are written out to the \file{.aux} file. Then \BibTeX\ should
|
|
be run (if the manuscript is called \file{paper.tex}, the command would
|
|
be \verb+bibtex paper+. This will produce a \file{.bbl} file containing all
|
|
of the \cmd\bibitem{}'s for the manuscript. Subsequent runs of \LaTeXe\
|
|
will call this file in to resolve the references. \LaTeXe\ should be run
|
|
repeatedly until all references are resolved.
|
|
|
|
The \BibTeX-produced \cmd\bibitem{}'s created using the \revtex\ style files appear considerably more complex than the example given
|
|
above. This is because the style files add in \cmd\bibinfo{},
|
|
\cmd\bibnamefont{}, \cmd\eprint{}, and \cmd\url{} macros for
|
|
specifying additional formatting and tagging. The \cmd\bibinfo\ macro
|
|
is mostly a do-nothing macro that serves merely to tag the information with
|
|
the field information from the original entry in the \BibTeX\ database.
|
|
The \cmd\eprint\ and \cmd\url\ macros can be used to create the
|
|
appropriate hyperlinks in target formats such as PDF.
|
|
|
|
For more information on using \BibTeX\ with \LaTeX, see Sections~4.3.1
|
|
and~C.11.3 of the \LUG\cite{LaTeXman}, Section~13.2 of \cite{Compan},
|
|
or the online \BibTeX\ manual \file{btxdoc.tex} from
|
|
\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/distribs/doc/}.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{\texttt{arXiv.org} support}
|
|
|
|
\revtex~4.2 supports citing e-prints from \texttt{arXiv.org} For instance, the \texttt{.bib} entry
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
@Unpublished{Ginsparg:1988ui,
|
|
author = "Ginsparg, Paul H.",
|
|
title = "{Applied Conformal Field Theory}",
|
|
year = "1988",
|
|
eprint = "hep-th/9108028",
|
|
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
|
|
SLACcitation = "%%CITATION=HEP-TH/9108028;%%"
|
|
}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
will include the arXiv.org e-print identifier as \texttt{arXiv:hep-th/9108028} and hyperlink it (if using \texttt{hyperref}). The newer format for arXiv identifiers with primary classifications will produce appropriate output For example,
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
@Unpublished{Ginsparg:2014,
|
|
author = "Ginsparg, Paul",
|
|
title = "{Kenneth G. Wilson: Renormalized After-Dinner Anecdotes}",
|
|
year = "2014",
|
|
eprint = "1407.1855",
|
|
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
|
|
primaryClass = "physics.hist-ph",
|
|
}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
will generate \texttt{arXiv:1407.1855 [physics.hist-ph]} and hyperlink it.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{\texttt{noeprint} option}
|
|
In the \revtex~4.2 Bib\TeX\ style files, the behavior of the \texttt{noeprint} option was changed to only suppress the arXiv identifiers for journal references, but keep them for e-print references.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{\label{sec:datacitations}Citing data sets with a DOI}
|
|
Bib\TeX\ styles in \revtex~4.2 add support for citing data sets using the new Bib\TeX\ type \texttt{@dataset}:
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
@dataset{haigh:2016,
|
|
author = "Haigh, J. A. and Lambert, N. J. and
|
|
Sharma, S. and Blanter, Y. and
|
|
Bauer, G. E. W. and Ramsay, A. J.",
|
|
year = "2018",
|
|
title = "{Data from Figures in``Selection rules
|
|
for cavity-enhanced Brillouin light scattering
|
|
from magnetostatic modes" [Data set]}",
|
|
doi = "10.5281/zenodo.1284434",
|
|
note = "{Zenodo}"
|
|
}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
This results in the formatted reference: ``J. A. Haigh, N. J. Lambert, S. Sharma, Y. Blanter, G. E. W. Bauer, and A. J. Ramsay, Data from Figures in ``Selection
|
|
rules for cavity-enhanced Brillouin light scattering from magnetostatic modes" [Data set], 10.5281/zenodo.1284434 (2018),
|
|
Zenodo."
|
|
|
|
This is primarily intended for data sets that have a DOI assigned to them.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{\label{sec:doiref}Journal references with only DOIs}
|
|
Some journals have moved to using only a volume and DOI to identify an article and do not assign page numbers or article identifiers. In the \texttt{apsrev.bst} Bib\TeX\ style file used for the \textit{Phys. Rev.} journals, If the \texttt{pages} field is absent from an entry in the \texttt{bib} file, but the \texttt{doi} field is present, the DOI will be explicitly displayed and linked in the formatted reference.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{\label{sec:jhep}Journals that use the year and issue for unique citations}
|
|
The \texttt{apsrev.bst} style used for \textit{Phys. Rev.} journals now includes support for four journals that use the year in place of a volume and require an explicit issue to uniquely cite a paper:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item J. High Energy Phys.
|
|
\item J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
|
|
\item J. Instrum.
|
|
\item J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
The Bib\TeX\ entry must \textbf{exactly} match one of the these four abbreviated journal names or use the corresponding macro, \texttt{jhep}, \texttt{jcap}, \texttt{jinst}, or \texttt{jstat}, resp., to invoke the proper formatting. For example:
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
@Article{Cotogno2017,
|
|
author="Cotogno, Sabrina and van Daal, Tom
|
|
and Mulders, Piet J.",
|
|
title="Positivity bounds on gluon {TMDs}
|
|
for hadrons of spin $\le$ 1",,
|
|
journal=jhep,
|
|
year="2017",
|
|
month="Nov",
|
|
day="28",
|
|
volume="2017",
|
|
number="11",
|
|
pages="185",
|
|
doi="10.1007/JHEP11(2017)185",
|
|
url="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2017)185"
|
|
}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
will be formatted as ``S. Cotogno, T. van Daal, and P. J. Mulders, Positivity bounds on gluon TMDs for hadrons of spin $\le$ 1, J. High Energy Phys. 2017 (11), 185."
|
|
|
|
\subsection{\label{sec:multiple}Multiple references in a single bibliography entry}
|
|
\revtex~4.2 allows multiple references within a single bibliography entry when using Bib\TeX. This done by using a starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command, and it requires a compatible version of \texttt{natbib} and the \texttt{bst} files that come with \revtex~4.2. To combine multiple references into a single \cmd\bibitem, precede the second, third, etc. citation keys in the \cmd\cite\ command with an asterisk (*). For example \verb+\cite{bethe, *feynman, *bohr}+ will combine the \cmd\bibitem\relax s with keys \texttt{bethe}, \texttt{feynman}, and \texttt{bohr} into a single entry in the bibliography separated by semicolons.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{\label{sec:prepend}Prepending and/or appending text to a citation}
|
|
The expanded syntax for the \cmd\cite\ command argument can also be used to specify text before and/or after a citation. For instance, a citation such as:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
[19] A similar expression was derived in
|
|
A. V. Andreev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 247204
|
|
(2007) in the context of carbon nanotube
|
|
p-n junctions. The only difference is that no
|
|
integration over ky is present there.
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
may be created by the following \cmd\cite\ command:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\cite{*[{A similar expression was derived
|
|
in }] [{ in the context of carbon nanotube
|
|
p-n junctions. The only difference is that
|
|
no integration over ky is present
|
|
there.}] andreev2007}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
Please note the use of curly braces to enclose the text within the square brackets as well as the spaces next to the brackets.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Figures and Artwork}\label{sec:figures}
|
|
\subsection{\texttt{figure} environment}
|
|
|
|
Figures may be included into a \revtex~4.2 manuscript by using the
|
|
standard \LaTeXe\ macros. It should be noted that \LaTeXe\ includes
|
|
several powerful packages for including the files in various
|
|
formats. The two main packages are \classname{graphics} and
|
|
\classname{graphicx}. Both offer a macro called
|
|
\cmd\includegraphics\oarg{args}\marg{filename};
|
|
they mainly differ in how arguments for
|
|
controlling figure scaling, translation, and orientation
|
|
are specified. For more information on the enhancements of the \classname{graphicx} package,
|
|
see \cite{CompanG} or the guide \file{grfguide.pdf} available at
|
|
\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/}.
|
|
\revtex~4.2 no longer has the \classoption{epsf} class option, though
|
|
the \classname{epsfig} package provides a similar interface.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The \env{figure} environment should be used to add a caption to the figure and
|
|
to allow \LaTeX\ to number and place the figures where they fit best.
|
|
\LaTeX\ will label and automatically number the captions FIG.~1,
|
|
FIG.~2, etc. For example:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{figure}
|
|
\includegraphics{fig1.eps}
|
|
\caption{\label{fig1}Text of first caption.}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
Note how the \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used to cross-reference
|
|
figures in text. The \cmd\label\marg{key} command should be inserted
|
|
inside the figure caption. As usual, the \cmd\ref\marg{key} macro can
|
|
then by used to refer to the label: ``As depicted in
|
|
FIG.\verb+~\ref{fig1}+\dots''.
|
|
|
|
Figures are normally set to the width of the column in
|
|
which they are placed. This means that in two-column mode, the figure
|
|
will be placed in a single, narrow column. For wide figures, the
|
|
\cmd\figure\verb+*+ environment should be used
|
|
instead. This will place the figure across both columns (the figure
|
|
usually will
|
|
appear either at the top or the bottom of the following page).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Captions less than one line long are centered under the figure,
|
|
otherwise they span the width of the figure.
|
|
|
|
Note that is unnecessary (and undesirable) to use explicit centering
|
|
commands inside the float environments.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{\texttt{video} environment}
|
|
Papers often refer to multimedia material such as videos. The \texttt{video} environment is identical to the \texttt{figure} environment, but the caption will be labeled as a \textbf{Video} (with its own counter independent of figures). A URL can also be specified so that the caption label can be linked to the online video (if using the \texttt{hyperref} package). The included graphic (using \cmd\includegraphics\ from the \texttt{graphics} or \texttt{graphicx} package) would be a representation frame from the video. A \texttt{\cmd\listofvideos} is also provided. For example:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{video}
|
|
\includegraphics{videoframe.jpg}
|
|
\setfloatlink{http://some.video.com/fun.mov}
|
|
\caption{\label{vid:interest}This is a video
|
|
of something fun.}
|
|
\end{video}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
There is also a corresponding \cmd\listofvideos\ command.
|
|
|
|
\section{Tables}\label{sec:tables}
|
|
|
|
Tables are very similar to figures. They should be input using the
|
|
\env{table} environment as detailed below, and
|
|
\LaTeX\ will label and number the captions TABLE~1, TABLE~2, etc.
|
|
(or in whatever format required by the chosen journal
|
|
substyle). Tables without captions won't be numbered.
|
|
|
|
Each table must begin with \envb{table}, end with \enve{table}. A
|
|
caption can be specified using the \cmd\caption\marg{text} command.
|
|
Captions less than one line long are centered under the figure,
|
|
otherwise they span the width of the figure.
|
|
To refer to the table via cross-referencing, a \cmd\label\marg{key}
|
|
command should appear within the \cmd{\caption}. Use the
|
|
\cmd\ref\marg{key} command to cite tables in text. The \env{table}
|
|
environment will set the table to the width of the column. Thus, in
|
|
two-column mode, the table will be confined to a single column. To set a
|
|
table to the full width of the page, rather than the column, use the
|
|
\env{table*} environment.
|
|
|
|
The heart of the table is the
|
|
\env{tabular} environment. This will behave for the most part as in
|
|
standard \LaTeXe\ (please refer to Section~3.6.3 and Appendix~C.10.2 of the
|
|
\LUG{} for more details about the \env{tabular} environment).
|
|
Note that \revtex~4.2 no longer automatically adds double (Scotch) rules
|
|
around tables. Nor does the \env{tabular} environment set various
|
|
table parameters for column spacing as before. Instead, a new
|
|
environment \env{ruledtabular} provides this functionality. This
|
|
environment should surround the \env{tabular} environment:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{table}
|
|
\caption{\label{<key>}....}
|
|
\begin{ruledtabular}
|
|
\begin{tabular}
|
|
...
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{ruledtabular}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
A basic table looks as follows:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{table}
|
|
\caption{\label{tab:ex}Text of table caption.}
|
|
\begin{ruledtabular}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{ll}
|
|
Heading 1 & Heading 2\\
|
|
Cell 1 & Cell 2\\
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{ruledtabular}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
The \env{quasitable} environment is no longer in \revtex~4.2. The
|
|
standard \env{tabular} environment can be used instead because it
|
|
no longer puts in the double rules.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Aligning on a decimal point}
|
|
Numerical columns should align on the decimal point (or
|
|
decimal points if more than one is is present). This is accomplished
|
|
by again using a standard \LaTeXe\ package, \classname{dcolumn} which
|
|
must be loaded in the manuscript's preamble:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\usepackage{dcolumn}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
Once this package is loaded, the column specifier `\texttt{d}' can be
|
|
used in the table's \env{tabular}\marg{preamble} enviroment preamble.
|
|
The `\texttt{d}' should be used for simple numeric data with a single
|
|
decimal point.
|
|
%
|
|
The entry of a \texttt{d} column is typeset in math mode; do not
|
|
insert any \verb+$+ math delimiters into a `\texttt{d}' column. Items
|
|
without a decimal point are simply set in math mode, centered. If
|
|
text is required in the column, use \cmd\text\ or \cmd\mbox\ as
|
|
appropriate. If multiple decimal points are present then the last is
|
|
used for alignment. To escape from the `\texttt{d}' column use
|
|
\cmd\multicolumn\ as usual. See the sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for examples.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Footnotes in Tables}\label{sec:tablenote}
|
|
|
|
Footnotes in a table are labeled \emph{a}, \emph{b}, \emph{c},
|
|
etc. They can be specified by using the \LaTeX\ \cmd\footnote\
|
|
command. Furthermore,
|
|
\cmd\footnotemark\ and \cmd\footnotetext\ can be used so that multiple entries
|
|
can to refer to the same footnote. The footnotes for a table are typeset
|
|
at the bottom of the table, rather than at the bottom of the page or
|
|
at the end of the references. The arguments for \cmd\footnotemark\ and
|
|
\cmd\footnotetext\ should be numbers 1, 2, \dots. The journal style
|
|
will convert these to letters. See sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for
|
|
examples and explanations of use.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Dealing with Long Tables}
|
|
By default, tables are set in a smaller size than the text body
|
|
(\cmd\small). The \cmd\squeezetable\ declaration makes the table font
|
|
smaller still (\cmd\scriptsize). Thus, putting the
|
|
\cmd\squeezetable\ command before the \envb{table} line in a table
|
|
will reduce the font size. If this isn't sufficient to fit
|
|
the table on a page, the standard \LaTeXe\ \classname{longtable}
|
|
package may be used. The scope of the
|
|
\cmd\squeezetable\ command must be limited by enclosing it with a group:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begingroup
|
|
\squeezetable
|
|
\begin{table}
|
|
[...]
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
\endgroup
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
Tables are normally set to the width of the column in
|
|
which they are placed. This means that in two-column mode, the table
|
|
will be placed in a single, narrow column. For wide tables, the
|
|
\cmd\table\verb+*+ environment should be used
|
|
instead. This will place the table across both columns (the table
|
|
usually will
|
|
appear either at the top or the bottom of the following page).
|
|
|
|
|
|
To break tables across pages, \revtex~4.2 requires adding to the
|
|
table a float placement option of [H] (meaning put the table ``here''
|
|
and effectively ``unfloating'' the table) to the \envb{table}
|
|
command. The commands \verb+\\*+ and \cmd{\samepage} can be used to
|
|
control where the page breaks occur (these are the same as for the
|
|
\env{eqnarray} environment).
|
|
|
|
Long tables are more robustly handled by using the
|
|
\classname{longtable.sty} package included with the standard \LaTeXe\
|
|
distribution (put \verb+\usepackage{longtable}+ in the preamble). This
|
|
package gives precise control over the layout of the table.
|
|
The \revtex~4.2 package contains patches that enable the
|
|
\classname{longtable} package to work in two-column mode. Of course, a
|
|
table set in two-column mode needs to be narrow enough to fit within
|
|
the column. Otherwise, the columns may overlap. \revtex~4.2 provides
|
|
an additional environment \env{longtable*} which allows a longtable to
|
|
span the whole page width. Currently, the \env{longtable*} and
|
|
\env{ruledtabular} environments are incompatible. In order to get the
|
|
double (Scotch) rule, it is necessary to add the \verb+\hline\hline+
|
|
manually (or define \verb+\endfirsthead+ and \verb+\endlastfoot+
|
|
appropriately). For more documentation on the \env{longtable}
|
|
environment and on the package options of the
|
|
\classname{longtable} package, please see the documentation available at
|
|
\url{http://www.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/tools/longtable.dtx} or
|
|
refer to \cite{Compan}.
|
|
|
|
\section{Placement of Figures, Tables, and Other Floats}
|
|
\label{sec:place}
|
|
|
|
By default, figures and tables (and any other ``floating'' environments
|
|
defined by other packages) float to the top or bottom of the page
|
|
using the standard \LaTeX\ float placement mechanism. Initially, each
|
|
\env{figure} or \env{table} environment should be put immediately
|
|
following its first reference in the text; this will usually result in
|
|
satisfactory placement on the page. An optional argument for either
|
|
environment adjusts the float placement. For example:
|
|
\begin{quote}
|
|
\envb{figure}\oarg{placement}\\
|
|
\dots\\
|
|
\enve{figure}
|
|
\end{quote}
|
|
where \meta{placement} can be any combination of \verb|htbp!|, signifying
|
|
``here'', ``top'', ``bottom'', ``page'', and ``as soon as possible'',
|
|
respectively. The same placement argument may be added to a
|
|
\envb{table}. For more details about float placement,
|
|
see the instructions in the \LUG, Appendix~C.9.1.
|
|
|
|
In two-column mode, a page may contain both a \env{widetext}
|
|
environment and a float. \revtex~4.2 may not always be able to
|
|
automatically put the float in the optimal place. For instance, a
|
|
float may be placed at the bottom of a column just before the
|
|
\env{widetext} begins. To workaround this, try moving the float
|
|
environment below the \env{widetext} environment. Alternative
|
|
\meta{placements} may also alleviate the problem.
|
|
|
|
\env{figure} and \env{table} environments should not
|
|
be enclosed in a \env{widetext} environment to make them span
|
|
the page to accommodate wide figures or tables. Rather, the
|
|
\env{figure*} or \env{table*} environments should be used instead.
|
|
|
|
Sometimes in \LaTeX\ the float placement mechanism breaks down and a
|
|
float can't be placed. Such a ``stuck'' float may mean that it and all
|
|
floats that follow are moved to the end of the job (and if there are
|
|
too many of floats, the fatal error \texttt{Too many unprocessed floats}
|
|
will occur). \revtex~4.2 provides the class option
|
|
\classoption{floatfix} which attempts to invoke emergency float
|
|
processing to avoid creating a ``stuck'' float. \revtex~4.2 will provide
|
|
a message suggesting the use of
|
|
\classoption{floatfix}. If \classoption{floatfix} doesn't work or if
|
|
the resulting positioning of the float is poor, the float should be
|
|
repositioned by hand.
|
|
|
|
\revtex~4.2 offers an additional possibility for placing the floats. By
|
|
using the either the \classoption{endfloats} or the
|
|
\classoption{endfloats*} class option all floats may be held
|
|
back (using an external file) and then set elsewhere in the document
|
|
using the the commands \cmd\printtables\ and \cmd\printfigures{},
|
|
placed where the tables and figures are to be printed (usually at the
|
|
end of the document). (This is similar to the standard
|
|
\cmd\printindex\ command). Using a \texttt{*}-form of the commands
|
|
(\cmd\printfigures\verb+*+ and
|
|
\cmd\printtables\verb+*+) will begin the figures
|
|
or tables on a new page. Alternatively, the option
|
|
\classoption{endfloats*} may be used to change the behavior of the
|
|
non-\texttt{*}-forms so that every float will appear on a separate
|
|
page at the end.
|
|
|
|
Without one of the \classoption{endfloats} class options, these float
|
|
placement commands are silently ignored, so it is always safe to use
|
|
them. If one of the \classoption{endfloats} class options is given,
|
|
but the \cmd\printtables\ command is missing, the tables will be
|
|
printed at the end of the document. Likewise, if \cmd\printfigures\ is
|
|
missing, the figures will be printed at the end of the document.
|
|
Therefore it is also safe to omit these commands as long as \revtex's
|
|
default choices for ordering figures and tables are satisfactory.
|
|
|
|
The \classoption{endfloats} option (or perhaps some journal substyle
|
|
that invokes it), requires explicit \envb{figure}, \enve{figure},
|
|
\envb{table}, and \enve{table} lines. In particular, do \emph{not}
|
|
define typing shortcuts for table and figure environments, such as
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\def\bt{\begin{table}}% Incompatible!
|
|
\def\et{\end{table}}%
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
Please note that it is generally undesirable to have all floats moved
|
|
to the end of the manuscript. APS no longer requires this for
|
|
submissions. In fact, the editors and referees will have an easier time
|
|
reading the paper if the floats are set in their normal positions.
|
|
|
|
\section{Rotating Floats}
|
|
|
|
Often a figure or table is too wide to be typeset in the standard
|
|
orientation and it is necessary to rotate the float 90
|
|
degrees. \revtex~4.2 provides a new environment \env{turnpage} as an
|
|
easy means to accomplish this. The \env{turnpage} environment depends
|
|
on one of the packages \classname{graphics} or \classname{graphicx}
|
|
being loaded. To use the \env{turnpage} environment, simply enclose
|
|
the \env{figure} or \env{table} environment with the \env{turnpage}
|
|
environment:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\documentclass[...]{revtex4-2}
|
|
\usepackage{graphicx}
|
|
[...]
|
|
\begin{turnpage}
|
|
\begin{figure} or \begin{table}
|
|
[...]
|
|
\end{figure} or \end{table}
|
|
\end{turnpage}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
A turnpage float will be typeset on a page by itself. Currently, there
|
|
is no mechanism for breaking such a float across multiple pages.
|
|
|
|
\section{\revtex~4.2 symbols and the \classname{revsymb4-2} package}
|
|
|
|
Symbols made available in earlier versions of \revtex\ are
|
|
defined in a separate package, \classname{revsymb4-2},
|
|
so that they may be used with other classes.
|
|
This might be useful if, say, copying text from a \revtex\ document to
|
|
a non-\revtex\ document. \revtex~4.2 automatically includes these
|
|
symbols so it is not necessary to explicitly call them in with a
|
|
\cmd\usepackage\ statement.
|
|
|
|
Table~\ref{tab:revsymb} summarizes the symbols defined in this package.
|
|
Note that \cmd{\overcirc}, \cmd{\overdots}, and \cmd{\corresponds} are
|
|
no longer in \revtex~4.2. Use \cmd{\mathring} (standard in \LaTeXe),
|
|
\cmd{\dddot} (with the \classoption{amsmath} package loaded), and
|
|
\cmd\triangleq\ (with the \classoption{amssymb} class option) respectively.
|
|
\cmd{\succsim}, \cmd{\precsim}, \cmd{\lesssim}, and \cmd{\gtrsim} are
|
|
also defined either in \classname{amsmath} or \classname{amssymb}. The
|
|
AMS versions of these commands will be used if the appropriate AMS
|
|
package is loaded.
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}
|
|
\caption{\label{tab:revsymb}Special \revtex~4.2 symbols, accents, and
|
|
boldfaced parentheses defined in \file{revsymb.sty}}
|
|
\begin{ruledtabular}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{ll|ll}
|
|
\cmd\lambdabar & $\lambdabar$ &\cmd\openone & $\openone$\\
|
|
\cmd\altsuccsim & $\altsuccsim$ & \cmd\altprecsim & $\altprecsim$ \\
|
|
\cmd\alt & $\alt$ & \cmd\agt & $\agt$ \\
|
|
\cmd\tensor\ x & $\tensor x$ & \cmd\overstar\ x & $\overstar x$ \\
|
|
\cmd\loarrow\ x & $\loarrow x$ & \cmd\roarrow\ x & $\roarrow x$ \\
|
|
\cmd\biglb\ ( \cmd\bigrb ) & $\biglb( \bigrb)$ &
|
|
\cmd\Biglb\ ( \cmd\Bigrb )& $\Biglb( \Bigrb)$ \\
|
|
& & \\
|
|
\cmd\bigglb\ ( \cmd\biggrb ) & $\bigglb( \biggrb)$ &
|
|
\cmd\Bigglb\ ( \cmd\Biggrb\ ) & $\Bigglb( \Biggrb)$ \\
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{ruledtabular}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\section{Other \revtex~4.2 Features}
|
|
%\subsection{Hooks}
|
|
%To be written....
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Job-specific Override Files}
|
|
\revtex~4.2 allows manuscript-specific macro definitions to be put
|
|
in a file separate from the main \TeX\ file. One merely creates a file
|
|
with the same basename as the \TeX\ file, but with the extension
|
|
`.rty'. Thus, if the \TeX\ file is names man.tex, the macro
|
|
definitions would go in man.rty. Note that the .rty file should be in
|
|
the same directory as the \TeX\ file. APS authors should follow the
|
|
guidelines in the \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2} when
|
|
submitting. Similarly, AIP authors should refer to the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{thebibliography}{}\label{sec:TeXbooks}
|
|
\bibitem[Knuth(1986)]{TeXbook} D.E. Knuth, \emph{The \TeX book},
|
|
(Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1986).
|
|
\bibitem[Lamport(1996)]{LaTeXman} L. Lamport, \emph{\LaTeX, a Document
|
|
Preparation System}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1996).
|
|
\bibitem[Kopka(1995)]{Guide} H. Kopka and P. Daly, \emph{A Guide to
|
|
\LaTeXe}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995).
|
|
\bibitem[Goossens(1994)]{Compan} M. Goossens, F. Mittelbach, and
|
|
A. Samarin, \emph{The \LaTeX\
|
|
Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994).
|
|
\bibitem[Goossens(1997)]{CompanG} M. Goossens, S. Rahtz, and
|
|
F. Mittelbach, \emph{The
|
|
\LaTeX\ Graphics Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1997).
|
|
\bibitem[Rahtz(1999)]{CompanW} S. Rahtz, M. Goossens, \emph{et
|
|
al.},\emph{The \LaTeX\ Web Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1999).
|
|
\end{thebibliography}
|
|
|
|
\end{document}
|
|
|